An International Study of the Contextual Effects of Gender Inequality on Intimate Partner Sexual Violence Against Women Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will LeSuer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Multi Level

Rejecting biological and essentialist explanations, feminist scholars posit that gender inequality is a driving force behind sexual violence against women. Using an ecological approach, I test for significant associations between national-level gender inequality and intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV). I use multi-level generalized linear modeling to analyze the responses of 9,126 women from 29 countries in the International Dating Violence Study. I find that while controlling for other risk factors, gender inequality is significantly associated with increased odds of having experienced severe, but not minor, forms of IPSV.

The Impact of National-Level Gender Inequality on the Sexual Abuse of Girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110055
Author(s):  
Will LeSuer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Impact

Feminist scholars from various social science disciplines posit that gender inequality (GI) is harmful to women’s well-being. Feminist criminologists argue that GI is criminogenic, especially of sexual violence. I apply this framework to a specific form of sexual violence: child sexual abuse (CSA). Using multilevel generalized linear modeling to analyze the responses of 10,106 women from 27 countries in the International Dating Violence Study, I test for significant associations between national-level GI and self-reported retrospective reports of CSA. While controlling for other risk factors, I find that GI is significantly associated with increased odds of having experienced CSA among women.

Gambling-Related Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Grounded Theory Model of Individual and Relationship Determinants

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110374
Author(s):  
Nerilee Hing ◽  
Catherine O’Mullan ◽  
Elaine Nuske ◽  
Helen Breen ◽  
Lydia Mainey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Female Victims

This study aimed to examine how problem gambling interacts with gendered drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to exacerbate this violence. Interviews were conducted with 48 female victims of IPV linked to a male partner’s gambling; 24 female victims of IPV linked to their own gambling; and 39 service practitioners from 25 services. Given limited research into gambling-related IPV, but a stronger theoretical base relating to IPV against women, this study used an adaptive grounded theory approach. It engaged with existing theories on gendered drivers of violence against women, while also developing a grounded theory model of individual and relationship determinants based on emergent findings from the data. Gambling-related IPV against women was found to occur in the context of expressions of gender inequality, including men’s attitudes and behaviors that support violence and rigid gender expectations, controlling behaviors, and relationships condoning disrespect of women. Within this context, the characteristics of problem gambling and the financial, emotional and relationship stressors gambling causes intensified the IPV. Alcohol and other drug use, and co-morbid mental health issues, also interacted with gambling to intensify the IPV. Major implications. Reducing gambling-related IPV against women requires integrated, multi-level interventions that reduce both problem gambling and gendered drivers of violence. Gambling operators can act to reduce problem gambling and train staff in responding to IPV. Financial institutions can assist people to limit their gambling expenditure and families to protect their assets. Service providers can be alert to the co-occurrence of gambling problems and IPV and screen, treat, and refer clients appropriately. Public education can raise awareness that problem gambling increases the risk of IPV. Reducing gender inequality is also critical.

scholarly journals Physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence against women and girls: a systematic review protocol for producing global, regional and country estimates

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045574
Author(s):  
Heidi Stöckl ◽  
Lynnmarie Sardinha ◽  
Mathieu Maheu-Giroux ◽  
Sarah R Meyer ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Forms Of Violence

IntroductionIn 2013, the WHO published the first global and regional estimates on physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) based on a systematic review of population-based prevalence studies. In this protocol, we describe a new systematic review for the production of updated estimates for IPV and NPSV for global monitoring of violence against women, including providing the baseline for measuring Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will update and extend the previous search for population-based surveys (either nationally or subnationally representative) conducted among women aged 15+ years that measured the prevalence of physical, sexual, psychological and physical and/or sexual IPV, NPSV or sexual violence by any perpetrator up to December 2019. Data will be extracted separately for all age groups, setting (urban/rural), partnership status (currently partnered/ever partnered/all women) and recall period (lifetime prevalence/past 12 months). Studies will be identified from electronic searches of online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health and PsycInfo. A search of national statistics office homepages will be conducted for each country to identify reports on population-based, national or subnational studies that include data on IPV or NPSV published outside academic journals. Two reviewers will be involved in quality assessment and data extraction of the review. The review is planned to be updated on a continuous basis. All findings will undergo a country consultation process.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. This systematic review will provide a basis and a follow-up tool for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 5.2 on the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054100.

Queering desistance: Chrononormativity, afterwardsness and young men’s sexual intimate partner violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-616
Author(s):  
Kalle Berggren ◽  
Lucas Gottzén ◽  
Hanna Bornäs
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Queer Temporality

Queer criminology has primarily focused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people as victims and perpetrators of crime, as well as on the criminalization of non-heterosexual practices. In this article, we contribute to the emerging discussions on how queer theory can be used in relation to criminological research by exploring desistance processes from a queer temporality perspective. Desistance research emphasizes how and why individuals cease offending and is often guided by a teleology in which individuals are expected to mature and develop new, non-criminal identities. Work on queer temporality, in contrast, has developed thinking that destabilizes chronology and troubles normative life trajectories. In this article, we draw on queer temporality perspectives, particularly the concepts of chrononormativity and afterwardsness, in analysing narratives of young men who have used sexual violence against women partners in Sweden. We demonstrate how criminal identities may develop in retrospect, after desisting, and that identity and behaviour may not necessarily go together.

scholarly journals Influence of Individual- and National-Level Factors on Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Hayes ◽  
Katharine A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

The study evaluated if individual- and national-level factors influence intimate partner violence (IPV) attitudes. Using Demographic and Health Surveys’ data, multilevel modeling was used to analyze 506,935 females nested in 41 nations. The results indicated that the respondents in nations with higher levels of gender inequality, measured by the Social Institutions and Gender Index, were more likely to agree a husband is justified to abuse his wife when she argues with him. National-level attitudes toward IPV and decision making at the individual level were significant predictors of IPV attitudes. The presence of another female while the survey was administered and differences across nations in question wording significantly affected IPV attitudes. The results confirm that both individual- and national-level factors shape individual IPV attitudes. National policies and programming should address gender inequality and patriarchal attitudes.

scholarly journals Violence against women, Espírito Santo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Marabotti Costa Leite ◽  
Maria Helena Costa Amorim ◽  
Fernando C Wehrmeister ◽  
Denise Petrucci Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with psychological, physical and sexual violence in women victims of intimate partner violence assisted in the primary care services. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 26 health units in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, from March to September 2014. We interviewed 991 women aged 20-59 years. To classify the psychological, physical and sexual violence, the World Health Organization instrument on violence against women was used and a questionnaire to investigate the sociodemographic, behavioral characteristics, and the women’s family and life history was developed. The statistical analyzes used were Poisson regression, Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square. RESULTS The prevalence we observed were psychological 25.3% (95%CI 22.6–28.2); physical 9.9% (95%CI 8.1–11.9) and sexual 5.7% (95%CI 4.3–7.3). Psychological violence remained associated with education, marital status, maternal history of intimate partner violence, sexual violence in childhood and drug use, while physical assault was related to age, education, marital status and maternal history of intimate partner violence. Sexual violence occurred the most among women with low income, and victims of sexual violence in childhood. CONCLUSIONS Psychological, physical and sexual violence showed highly frequency among women assisted by primary care services. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors, personal experiences, and maternal violence influence the phenomenon.

scholarly journals SISTEM SOSIAL PATRIARKI SEBAGAI AKAR DARI KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP PEREMPUAN PATRIARCHAL SOCIAL SYSTEM AS THE ROOT OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Sonza Rahmanirwana Fushshilat ◽  
Nurliana Cipta Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social System ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Natural Difference

ABSTRAKJenis kelamin merupakan suatu perbedaan yang fitrah dan dapat dilihat secara biologis. Melalui proses yang panjang, masyarakat melakukan pembedaan antara peran laki-laki dan peran perempuan. Konstruksi sosial yang diciptakan oleh masyarakat bernama patriarki, sistem sosial yang melihat bahwa garis keturunan ayah memiliki posisi yang lebih superior dibandingkan perempuan. Ketidaksetaraan gender yang ditimbulkan mengakibatkan adanya diskriminasi dan tekanan terhadap perempuan dalam kehidupannya. Pembatasan ruang yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki atau bahkan masyarakat membuat perempuan tidak mendapat aksesibilitas dan hak-hak yang seharusnya mereka diterima. Buruknya, salah satu perlakuan tidak menyenangkan yang didapat perempuan adalah kekerasan seksual. Patriarki membuat posisi perempuan lumrah untuk dijadikan objek seksual oleh laki-laki. Hal ini berarti patriarki juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyumbang akan langgengnya kekerasan seksual yang menimpa perempuan. ABSTRACTGender is a natural difference and can be seen biologically. Through a long process, the community differentiates between men's roles and women's roles. The social construction created by society is called patriarchy, a social system that sees that the father's lineage has a position that is superior to women. Gender inequality caused by resulting in discrimination and pressure on women in their lives. Spatial restrictions imposed by men or even society prevent women from getting the accessibility and rights they ought to received. One of the unpleasant treatments women received is sexual violence. Patriarchy system allow the women to become sexual objects by men. This means that patriarchy is also one of the factors contributing to the continuous sexual violence experienced by women.

scholarly journals Individual and societal risk factors of attitudes justifying intimate partner violence against women: a multilevel cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e037993
Author(s):  
Celia Serrano-Montilla ◽  
Luis M. Lozano ◽  
Michael Bender ◽  
Jose-Luis Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

ObjectivesAttitudes justifying intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) can play an essential role in explaining the prevalence of such public health problem. The study aim was to explain attitudes justifying IPVAW identifying individual and societal risk factors.Design and settingA multilevel cross-sectional study of the World Values Survey (WVS) in 54 global countries.ParticipantsA representative transnational community-based sample of 81 516 participants (47.8% male, 52.1% female), aged mean of 42.41.MeasuresAttitudes justifying IPVAW, sociodemographic, sexism, self-transcendence and conservation values were measured using questions from WVS. Country and regional gender inequality were assessed by Gender Inequality Index.ResultsAround 16% (intraclass correlation=0.16) of individual differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW are explained by countries. Statistically significant predictors at individual and country level were: sex (B=−0.24, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.22), age (B=−0.08 to −0.25, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.03), marital status (B=0.09 to 0.23, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.33), educational level (B=−0.10 to −0.14, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.04), self-transcendence values (B=−0.10, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.12), sexism (B=0.21, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.28), country (B=2.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.26) and regional (B=2.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.42) gender inequality. Country gender inequality (B=−0.18, p=0.12) and regional gender inequality (B=−0.21, p=0.10) did not moderate the associations between self-transcendence values and attitudes justifying IPVAW. In the same way for sexism, data did not provide support for a moderating role of country gender inequality (B=0.22, p=0.26) and regional gender inequality (B=0.10, p=0.66).ConclusionsIndividual and country predictors accounted for differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW. However, neither gender inequality of country nor gender inequality of region interacted with sexism and self-transcendence values. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Violence against women before and during gestation: differences in prevalence rates and perpetrators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Bianca Portela Teles Pessoa ◽  
Galvani Ascar Sauaia ◽  
Lilia Blima Schraiber ◽  
Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences in prevalence and perpetrators of violence against women before and during pregnancy. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in the São Luís municipality (Brazil). Thirteen questions measured psychological, physical and sexual violence in the 12 months before and during pregnancy. Psychological/physical/sexual violence was defined as any type of violence perpetrated against the interviewees. The perpetrators were categorized into intimate partner, other family members, community members, and multiple perpetrators. Differences between violence before and during pregnancy were analyzed by the chi-square test. Results: psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more prevalent during pregnancy than before gestation (p<0.001). Insults, humiliation and intimidation (p<0.05) were more frequently reported during pregnancy. An intimate partner was the most frequent perpetrator. There were no differences in the percentage of moderate and severe forms of physical violence and sexual violence, recurrence of aggressions and perpetrators in both periods (p>0.05). Conclusions: gestation did not protect users of prenatal services in São Luís municipality from psychological, physical and sexual violence. Psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more commonly practiced during pregnancy. The perpetrators of violence in the year before gestation continued to abuse the interviewees during pregnancy

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