scholarly journals Dynamic CT Scan of the Normal Scapholunate Joint in a Clenched Fist and Radial and Ulnar Deviation

Hand ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kelly ◽  
John G. Hopkins ◽  
Andrew J. Furey ◽  
Daniel S. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Ct ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
The Right ◽  
User Friendly

Background: Injuries to the scapholunate can have severe long-term effects on the wrist. Early detection of these injuries can help identify pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the motions of the scapholunate joint in normal wrists in a clenched fist and through radial and ulnar deviation using novel dynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods: Fifteen participants below 40 years of age consented to have their wrist scanned. Eight participants were randomized to have the right wrist scanned and 7 the left wrist. Volunteers were positioned at the back of the gantry with the wrist placed on the table, palmar side down. Participants began with the hand in a relaxed fist position and then proceeded through an established range of motion protocol. Dynamic CT imaging was captured throughout the range of motion. Results: The movement in the healthy scapholunate joint through a clenched fist and radial and ulnar deviation is minimal. The averages were 1.19, 1.01, and 0.95 mm, representing the middle, dorsal, and volar measurements, respectively. Conclusions: This novel dynamic CT scan of the wrist is a user-friendly way of measuring of the scapholunate distance, which is minimal in the normal wrist below 40 years of age.

scholarly journals QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii432-iii432
Author(s):  
Adeoye Oyefiade ◽  
Kiran Beera ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Ute Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

Inhibition of post-partum maternal behaviour in the rat by injecting an oxytocin antagonist into the cerebral ventricles

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Leengoed ◽  
E. Kerker ◽  
H. H. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nesting Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxytocin Antagonist

ABSTRACT Endogenous oxytocin released into the brain at parturition may stimulate the onset of maternal behaviour. In this study an attempt was made to block spontaneous maternal behaviour following natural delivery in Wistar rats by the injection of an antagonist of oxytocin into the cerebral ventricles. The analogue antagonist, d(CH2)5-8-ornithine-vasotocin, was administered by injection into a chronically implanted cannula in the right lateral ventricle at hourly intervals, beginning immediately after the expulsion of the first pup. The antagonist did not interfere with the normal progress of parturition or birth-related behaviours. After delivery of the last pup, mothers rested for 40 min in the test cage with the pups having been removed. Four pups and standard nesting material were then presented. Latency to pup carrying and duration of pup manipulation, nest building, and time spent on the nest with the pups, as well as duration of autogrooming and general activity were determined. Saline-injected controls started gathering the pups immediately and usually showed all elements of maternal behaviour within 10 min. Antagonist-treated mothers showed a marked delay in the onset of pup grouping and other maternal behaviours. At the end of 1 h, two out of six mothers had not yet picked up a single infant. Pups left overnight with their mothers were gathered into the nest and suckled, and no long-term effects of the antagonist were evident on retesting. The effectiveness of oxytocin antagonist in suppressing the rapid onset of post-partum maternal behaviour supports the hypothesis that centrally released oxytocin is involved in this process. It is noteworthy that these effects were obtained in Wistar rats, a strain in which oxytocin has failed to accelerate responsiveness to pups in virgin females. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 275–282

Long-Term Effects of Exercise on the Range of Motion of Aging Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Misner ◽  
Benjamin H. Massey ◽  
Mike Bemben ◽  
Scott Going ◽  
Julie Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aging Women

scholarly journals Medium-/Long-Term Effects of a Specific Exercise Protocol Combined with Patient Education on Spine Mobility, Chronic Fatigue, Pain, Aerobic Fitness and Level of Disability in Fibromyalgia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Giannotti ◽  
Konstantinos Koutsikos ◽  
Maurizia Pigatto ◽  
Maria Elisa Rampudda ◽  
Andrea Doria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Active Range Of Motion ◽  
Spine Mobility

Objective. To propose a rehabilitation protocol able to produce immediate and long-term beneficial effects on level of disability and overall performance in ADLs.Materials and Methods. Forty-one FM patients were randomized to an exercise and educational-behavioral programme group (experimental group, EG = 21) or to a control group (CG = 20). Each subject was evaluated before, at the end (T1), and after 6 months (T6) from the conclusion of the rehabilitation treatment using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the fatigue severity scale (FSS), the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), tender points count (TPC), and spinal active range of motion. The exercise protocol included 20 sessions consisting in self-awareness, stretching, strengthening, spine flexibility, and aerobic exercises, which patients were subsequently educated to perform at home.Results. The two groups were comparable at baseline. At T1, the EG showed a positive trend in FIQ, VAS, HAQ, and FSS scales and significant improvement in 6MWT and in most spinal active range of motion measurements (Pbetween 0.001 and 0.04). The positive results were maintained at the follow-up.Conclusion. The proposed programme was well tolerated and produced immediate and medium-term beneficial effects improving function and strain endurance. This trial is registered withDRKS00005071on DRKS.

Effects of Computer Keyboard Setup Parameters and User's Anthropometric Characteristics on Wrist Deviation and Typing Efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Marklin ◽  
Guy G. Simoneau ◽  
David Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Separation Distance ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Keyboard ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neutral Posture ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Two questions that computer keyboard operators face when using keyboards that can be separated into halves (split keyboards) are at what angle should the keyboard halves be opened and at what distance should the keyboard halves be placed apart. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the opening angle and separation distance between halves of a split keyboard on wrist radial/ulnar deviation and typing efficiency. Eleven experienced typists participated in this study and typed on a split keyboard configured in the following four arrangements. 1. The keyboard halves were setup the same way as a conventional keyboard. 2. The keyboard halves were contiguous but angled, based on the user's anthropometry, to maintain a theoretical neutral posture of the user's wrists in the radial/ulnar plane. 3. The keyboard halves were separated at a fixed distance of 20 cm, and the halves were angled to maintain a theoretical neutral posture of the user's wrists in the radial/ulnar plane. 4. The keyboard halves were separated at a distance equal to the user's shoulder width, and the halves were parallel to each other, resulting in a theoretical neutral posture of the user's wrists in the radial/ulnar plane. The findings from testing these four keyboard configurations are the following: 1. The mean ulnar deviations from the alternative configurations of the split keyboard (configurations 2, 3, and 4 above) ranged from 7.0 to 8.4 for the left wrist and 2.7 to 5 deg. for the right wrist. There were no significant differences in ulnar deviations among the three alternative configurations. 2. The three alternative configurations resulted in ulnar deviation of both wrists that were significantly less than ulnar deviation from typing on the conventional setup (configuration 1 above). The mean ulnar deviations from the conventional setup were 18.9 deg. for the left wrist and 14.2 deg. for the right wrist. 3. There were no significant differences in typing speed and accuracy between the alternative and conventional configurations.

Effect of active head movements about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes on human optokinetic afternystagmus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Lafortune ◽  
D. J. Ireland ◽  
R. M. Jell
Keyword(s):  
Head Movements ◽  
Horizontal Velocity ◽  
Velocity Storage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Otolith Organ ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Movement

Effects of active head movements about the pitch, roll, or yaw axes on horizontal optokinetic afternystagmas (OKAN) were examined in 16 subjects to test the hypothesis that otolith organ mediated activity induced by a change in head position can couple to the horizontal velocity storage in humans. Active head movements about the pitch axis, forwards or backwards, produced significant OKAN suppression. Pitch forward head movements exerted the strongest effect. Active head movements about the roll axis towards the right also produced OKAN suppression but only if the tilted position was sustained. No suppression was observed following sustained yaw. However, an unsustained yaw left movement after rightward drum rotation significantly enhanced OKAN. Sustained head movement trials did not significantly alter subsequent control trials. In contrast, unsustained movements about the pitch axis, which involve more complex interactions, exerted long-term effects on subsequent control trials. We conclude that otolith organ mediated activity arising from pitch or roll head movements couples to the horizontal velocity storage in humans, thereby suppressing ongoing OKAN. Activity arising from the horizontal canals during an unsustained yaw movement (observed mainly with yaw left), following drum rotation in a direction contralateral to the movement, may also couple to the velocity storage, resulting in increased activity instead of suppression.

Off to the right start: how pregnancy and early life can determine future animal health and production

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Gatford ◽  
C. T. Roberts ◽  
K. L. Kind ◽  
P. I. Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

Animal producers are well aware that a low-birthweight animal is more likely to die in the first few days of life, and, if it survives, it is likely to perform poorly. We are now coming to appreciate that early life events can permanently change an animal’s developmental trajectory, also often referred to as developmental programming. This is an area of current interest in biomedicine, where the concept is known as the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ (DOHaD). Current gaps in understanding include many of the underlying mechanisms, and whether and how we might intervene and restore the potential for healthy and productive development. This review introduces the biomedical perspective of developmental programming, reviews some of the evidence for long-term effects of early life exposures on welfare and productivity in animal production, with a focus on prenatal growth and maternal stress in pig production, and discusses options for intervening to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Correlations between body postures and musculoskeletal pain in guitar players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262207
Author(s):  
Sigal Portnoy ◽  
Shlomit Cohen ◽  
Navah Z. Ratzon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
The Right

Background The guitar-playing community is the largest group at risk of developing playing related musculoskeletal disorders. A thorough investigation of the relationships between the various risk factors and players’ report on musculoskeletal pain using objective and accurate means of assessment has yet to be reported. Purpose (a) to explore the correlations between demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, playing habits, and personal habits of guitar player and their complaints of musculoskeletal pain, (b) explore the correlations between the upper body kinematics of guitar players during playing the guitar and their complaints of musculoskeletal pain, and (c) compare the upper body kinematics of guitar players during playing the guitar while sitting versus standing. Methods Twenty-five guitar players (27.5±4.6 years old) filled out questionnaires regarding their guitar-playing habits, and the Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Kinematics of their torso and upper limbs were tracked while they played a tune twice, once while sitting and once while standing. Results We found moderate correlations between the number of painful joints in the last year and factors, such as physical comfort while playing, years of playing, and position during playing. During standing, lower back pain severity correlated with the rotation range of the torso, while during sitting, it moderately correlated with the average radial-ulnar deviation of the right wrist. During sitting, we found higher anterior and right tilt of the torso, combined with greater abduction of the right shoulder, higher flexion in the left shoulder and higher radial deviation in the left wrist. Conclusion Our results point to several risk factors, related both to playing habits but also to playing posture, which should be considered by the guitar players in order to prevent playing-related musculoskeletal disorders.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Disorders Symptoms among Taiwanese Bakery Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Yi-Lang Chen ◽  
Yan-Ting Zhong ◽  
Bang-Nan Liou ◽  
Chih-Chuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Shoulder Disorders ◽  
The Right

In this study, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was administered to a valid sample of 81 Taiwanese bakery workers to explore their discomfort or symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and identify the risk factors. Wrist postures were also examined during 3 typical dough operations (kneading, rolling, and rounding) by using an electrogoniometer. The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in any part of the body in the past year among the respondents was 93.0%, with the highest prevalence of 66.3% and 51.8% in the hands/wrists (right and left), followed by the prevalence of 50.6% and 45.8% in the shoulders (right and left) and the lower back (48.2%), respectively. The results also revealed that during the 3 dough processing operations, the workers’ wrist movements in specific operations were close to the recommended limits suggested in previous studies, especially the ulnar deviation and palm flexion of the right wrist during dough kneading and the radial deviation of the left wrist during dough rolling and rounding. The study findings can be used to explain why the bakers self-report a high proportion of wrist and shoulder disorders and can also serve as a reference for task rearrangement and redesign.

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