Susceptibility Assessment of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria to Natural Products

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of some natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Forty-three bacterial strains were collected. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were carried out for natural compounds including quercetin, Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum, and Holothuria atra. Scanning electron microscope analysis and bacterial DNA apoptosis assays were performed. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to imipenim, ampicillin, and penicillin. Most Escherichia coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin, clavulanat, and ampicillin. Finally, tigecycline was effective with Klebsiella pneumoniae and was resistant to all antibiotics. Only S aromaticum had an antibacterial effect on K pneumoniae. Most S aureus strains were sensitive to S aromaticum, A nilotica, and quercetin. All examined natural extracts had no effect on E coli. Holothuria atra had no effect on any of the strains tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for examined plants against S aureus were 6.25 to 12, 1.6 to 3.2, and 9.12 to 18.24 mg/mL, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum was active against K pneumoniae with an MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope analysis performed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation showed bacterial strains with distorted shapes and severe cell wall damage. Syzygium aromaticum, quercetin, and A nilotica showed clear fragmentations of S aureus DNA. Conclusions: Current findings confirmed the beneficial effect of using natural products such as clove (S aromaticum), quercetin, and A nilotica as a promising therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.

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The Delivery of the Novel Drug ‘Halicin’ Using Electrospun Fibers for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer against Pathogenic Bacteria

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12121189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1189

Author(s):

Walaa S. Aburayan ◽

Rayan Y. Booq ◽

Nouf S. BinSaleh ◽

Haya A. Alfassam ◽

Abrar A. Bakr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Extended Period ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Electrospun Fibers ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

Pressure ulcer or bedsore is a form of skin infection that commonly occurs with patients admitted to the hospital for an extended period of time, which might lead to severe complications in the absence of medical attention, resulting in infection either by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant bacteria. Halicin, a newly discovered drug effective against several bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, was investigated to reduce bacterial infection burden. This study aims to formulate halicin into electrospun fibers to be applied in bedsores as antibacterial dressing to assess its efficacy against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) by studying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial zone of inhibition assays. The diameters of inhibition growth zones were measured, and the results have shown that the drug-loaded fibers were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria compared to the halicin discs. The release profile of the drug-loaded fibers exhibited a complete release of the drug after 2 h. The results demonstrated that the drug-loaded fibers could successfully release the drug while retaining their biological activity and they may be used as a potential antimicrobial dressing for patients with pressure ulcers caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

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Evaluation of the ratio of the estimated area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (estimated AUIC) as a predictor of the outcome for tigecycline treatment for pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2019.03.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ying Xu ◽

Lu Jin ◽

Ning liu ◽

Xuemei Luo ◽

Danjiang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Time Curve ◽

Concentration Time

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Intensive care unit environmental surfaces are contaminated by multidrug-resistant bacteria in biofilms: combined results of conventional culture, pyrosequencing, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser microscopy

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jhin.2015.05.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

H. Hu ◽

K. Johani ◽

I.B. Gosbell ◽

A.S.W. Jacombs ◽

A. Almatroudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Environmental Surfaces ◽

Scanning Electron

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Fosfomycin in continuous or prolonged infusion for systemic bacterial infections: a systematic review of its dosing regimen proposal from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-021-04181-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Maria Antonello ◽

Stefano Di Bella ◽

Alberto Enrico Maraolo ◽

Roberto Luzzati

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Intermittent Infusion ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Dosing Regimen ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Systemic Infections

AbstractFosfomycin (FOS) administered intravenously has been recently rediscovered for the treatment of systemic infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Its pharmacokinetic properties suggest a time-dependent dosing schedule with more clinical benefits from prolonged (PI) or continuous infusion (CI) than from intermittent infusion. We revised literature concerning PI and CI FOS to identify the best dosing regimen based on current evidence. We performed a MEDLINE/PubMed search. Ninety-one studies and their pertinent references were screened. Seventeen studies were included in the present review. The activity of FOS against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated in fourteen and five studies, respectively. Six studies evaluated FOS activity in combination with another antibiotic. Daily dosing of 12, 16, 18 or 24 g, administered with different schedules, were investigated. These regimens resulted active against the tested isolates in most cases. Emergence of resistant isolates has been shown to be preventable through the coadministration of another active antibiotic. FOS is a promising option to treat systemic infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Coadministration with another active molecule is required to prevent the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The results of our review suggest that a therapeutic regimen including a loading dose of FOS 8 g followed by a daily dose of 16 g or 24 g CI could be the best therapeutic approach for patients with normal renal function. The dosing regimens in patients with renal insufficiency and CI or PI superiority compared with intermittent infusion in clinical settings should be further investigated.

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