Gluten, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration

2022 ◽  
pp. 155982762110493
Author(s):  
Ashok Philip ◽  
Nicole D. White
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Growing evidence supports a potential link between dietary gluten intake and neurodegenerative disease in susceptible populations. Observational data supporting this link are described along with interventional study data evaluating the effects of restricting gluten from the diet in patients with neurologic disorders. Suggested underlying mechanisms between gluten intake and neurodegeneration are discussed.

scholarly journals Do Hyponatremia or Its Underlying Mechanisms Associate With Mortality Risk in Observational Data?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e0074
Author(s):  
John Danziger ◽  
Joon Lee ◽  
Roger G. Mark ◽  
Leo Anthony Celi ◽  
Kenneth J. Mukamal
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The Coming Epidemic of Neurologic Disorders: What Science Is – and Should Be – Doing About It

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Petsko
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
The Cost

The Earth's population is aging fast, and the coming sharp increase in the number of people over age sixty-five will bring with it an epidemic of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Currently, no cures exist for the major neurologic disorders. Unless cures can be found, by 2050 the cost of these diseases will exceed $1 trillion annually in the United States, and the burden for other countries will scale with their populations. Despite exciting advances in our understanding of these diseases, both government research funding and the efforts of industry have failed to keep pace with this unmet medical need. Private philanthropy has done better, but the total dollars spent on developing diagnostics and therapeutics for neurologic disorders still lags far behind that spent on much less prevalent diseases. The challenge for biomedical research in the next forty years is to identify markers that would allow early detection of high-risk cohorts, and to develop therapies that either will prevent the diseases from starting at all in susceptible populations or will arrest their progression before severe damage to the central nervous system has occurred.

Exploring Alcohol Use and Social Connection Among Older Latinxs: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 106648072096405
Author(s):  
Rikki Patton ◽  
Eman Tadros ◽  
Natasha Finney
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Relationship

Research exploring alcohol use among older adults is relatively sparse, particularly among racial minoritized individuals. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between social connection and alcohol use among older Latinxs. Secondary data from the Sacramento Area Latinx Study on Aging were used for the current study. Data were provided from participants of 60-101 years (per ICPSR) ( n = 1,631) who answered questions including demographics, proxy variables assessing social connection, and alcohol use. Several demographic variables were significantly related to alcohol use. Two social connection variables—living alone and friendship—were also significantly related to alcohol use. There is a potential link between alcohol use and social connection among older Latinxs. Further evaluation examining social connection and substance use patterns more generally is needed.

Music therapy in medical and neurological rehabilitation settings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kathrin Leins ◽  
Ralph Spintge
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Neurological Rehabilitation ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Pain Patients

This article discusses music therapy in medical and neurological rehabilitation settings. Neurologic music therapy encompasses evidence-based methods of the functional application of music in the rehabilitation of neurologic disorders. One of the most widely implemented clinical areas is its application in sensorimotor therapy, focusing on gait training. Music therapy is also widely applied in pain therapy. Meta-analyses underline the effectiveness of music therapy in acute pain of adult pain patients. Research focuses on clinical outcome, but also investigates possible underlying mechanisms such as the psychophysiological effects of music.

scholarly journals Hsp70 and Its Molecular Role in Nervous System Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Turturici ◽  
Gabriella Sconzo ◽  
Fabiana Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to many injuries including stroke, neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, and trauma. The overexpression of one HSP in particular, Hsp70, serves a protective role in several different models of nervous system injury, but has also been linked to a deleterious role in some diseases. Hsp70 functions as a chaperone and protects neurons from protein aggregation and toxicity (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, polyglutamine diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), protects cells from apoptosis (Parkinson disease), is a stress marker (temporal lobe epilepsy), protects cells from inflammation (cerebral ischemic injury), has an adjuvant role in antigen presentation and is involved in the immune response in autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis). The worldwide incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is high. As neurodegenerative diseases disproportionately affect older individuals, disease-related morbidity has increased along with the general increase in longevity. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration is key to identifying methods of prevention and treatment. Investigators have observed protective effects of HSPs induced by preconditioning, overexpression, or drugs in a variety of models of brain disease. Experimental data suggest that manipulation of the cellular stress response may offer strategies to protect the brain during progression of neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals The effect of dilution rate and transfer interval on eco-evolutionary dynamics of experimental microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Scheuerl ◽  
Veijo Kaitala
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Transfer Interval

All organisms are susceptible to the environment and changing environmental conditions can infer structural modifications in predator-prey communities. A change in the environment can influence, for example, the mortality rate of both the prey and the predator, or determine how long the interaction between both partners is. This may have a substantial impact on ecological, but also evolutionary dynamics. Experimental studies, in which microbial populations are maintained by a repeated dilution into fresh conditions after a certain period of time, are able to dissipate underlying mechanisms in a controlled way. By design, dilution rate (modifying mortality) and transfer interval (determining the time of interaction) are crucial factors, but they often receive little attention in experimental design. We study data from a live predator-prey (bacteria and ciliates) system used to gain insight into eco-evolutionary principles and apply a mathematical model to predict how various dilution rates and transfer intervals would affect such an experiment. We find the ecological dynamics to be surprisingly robust for both factors. However, the evolutionary rates are expected to be affected. Our work predicts that the evolution of the anti-predator defence in the bacteria, and the evolution of the predation efficiency in the ciliates, both decrease with higher dilution rate, but increase with longer transfer intervals. Our results provide testable hypotheses for future studies of predator-prey systems and we hope this work will help improving our understanding how ecological and evolutionary processes together shape composition of microbial communities.

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile infection increases circulating p-cresol levels and dysregulates brain dopamine metabolism: linking gut-brain axis to autism and other neurologic disorders?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil A. Vinithakumari ◽  
Piyush Padhi ◽  
Belen G. Hernandez ◽  
Susanne Je-Han Lin ◽  
Aaron Dunkerson-Kurzhumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Autistic Behavior ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Brain

Gastrointestinal illnesses are one of the most common comorbidities reported in patients with neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Gut dysbiosis, overgrowth of C. difficile in the gut, and gut microbiota-associated alterations in central neurotransmission have been implicated in ASD, where the dopaminergic axis plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis. Human C. difficile strains produce a significant amount of the toxic metabolite p-cresol, an inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NE). p-cresol is known to precipitate and exacerbate autistic behavior in rodents by increasing DA levels and altering DA receptor sensitivity in brain regions relevant to ASD. Therefore, we hypothesized that C. difficile infection dysregulates dopaminergic metabolism in the brain by increasing p-cresol levels in the gut and circulation and by inhibiting DBH, ultimately leading to elevated DA in the brain. For testing this hypothesis, we induced antibiotic-associated C. difficile in mice and determined the gut and serum p-cresol levels, serum DBH activity, and dopamine and its metabolite levels in different brain regions relevant to ASD. The results showed that C. difficile infection causes significant alterations in the dopaminergic axis in mice (p < 0.05). In addition, significantly increased circulating p-cresol levels and reduced DBH activity was observed in C. difficile infected animals (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results from this study suggest a potential link between C. difficile infection and alterations in the dopaminergic axis implicated in the precipitation and aggravation of ASD.

The Neurologic Examination

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Beimer ◽  
Douglas J Gelb
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Suspected Stroke

All physicians, regardless of their medical specialty or the setting in which they treat patients, must be able to perform a neurologic examination. In the outpatient office, up to 9 to 10% of all symptoms suggest the possibility of neurologic disease and up to 5% of emergency department visits are due to primary neurologic disease. The neurologic examination is critical in triaging these patients, selecting diagnostic tests, and indicating management. This review covers how to think about the neurologic examination, the screening examination, and diagnosis-focused neurologic examinations with an emphasis on stroke, epilepsy, encephalopathy and coma, neurodegenerative diseases, neuromuscular disease, and functional disorders. The figure shows a conceptual approach to the neurologic examination. The tables list components of the screening neurologic examination, neurologic examination focus points for suspected stroke and suspected epilepsy, lateralization and localization of common seizure semiologies, and neurologic examination focus points for encephalopathy/coma, suspected neurodegenerative disease, suspected neuromuscular disease, and suspected functional neurologic disorders. This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 8 tables, and 14 references. Key words: Neurologic examination, neurodegenerative disease, neuromuscular disease, neurologic screening

Final Evaluation Of a Prospective, Non-Interventional Study On Efficacy and Tolerability Of a New Generation VWF/FVIII Concentrate In The Treatment Of Von Willebrand Disease

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4775-4775
Author(s):  
Sonja Alesci ◽  
Mario Von Depka ◽  
Jennifer Feddern ◽  
Susan Halimeh ◽  
Oliver Hegener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Bleeding Episodes

Background With marketing authorization in 2005, a non-interventional study (SET = Surveillance of Efficacy and Tolerability) with a double virus inactivated VWF/FVIII concentrate (Wilate®) was initiated in Germany. In 2012, the inclusion of patient documentation was terminated for final evaluation of the study data, representing the treatment of 170 patients suffering from von Willebrand’s disease (VWD). Aim The presented study was performed to assess the haemostatic efficacy and safety of a newly introduced VWF/FVIII product in the treatment of all types of VWD patients in every day clinical setting and to validate the results from pivotal clinical trials. Methods Patients of any age suffering from hereditary or acquired VWD, requiring replacement therapy were included. Apart from demographic and anamnestic data, details of all injections for treatment of bleeding episodes, surgeries and prophylactic treatment were documented and assessed. Clinical efficacy and tolerability were rated by the treating physicians using four-point verbal scales. All data underwent a pre-defined data management process including double data entry and plausibility checks by an independent statistical institute. Results Data of 170 patients suffering from VWD and representing the broad spectrum of disease severity was provided by 26 treatment centers. About two thirds of the patients are female; with an age range from 1 to 85 years at study entry. Six cases of acquired VWD and 7 type 3 VWD patients were included. Type 2 VWD of various subtypes accounts for about 30% of the patients with the remaining patients suffering from type 1 VWD. 108 surgical procedures in 82 patients were documented. In all evaluated surgical procedures, the efficacy of the concentrate was rated to be “excellent” or “good”. Efficacy in 156 bleeding episodes was assessed as “excellent/good” in 95.2% of ratings. 13 patients underwent a prophylactic treatment regimen which resulted in a drop of bleeding frequency to below 1 bleeding episode per month. Five patients had experienced suspected adverse drug reactions - all without sequelae. The ADR rate per injection was as low as 0.1%. Conclusion The results presented reflect the experience of routine use of Wilate® in all types of VWD in various clinical settings. They confirm the excellent efficacy and tolerability which had been demonstrated previously during an extensive panel of clinical trials. Disclosures: Alesci: Octapharma AG: Investigator Other. Von Depka:Octapharma AG: Investigator Other, Speakers Bureau. Feddern:Octapharma AG: Employment. Halimeh: Octapharma AG: Investigator Other, Research Funding. Hegener: Octapharma AG: Employment. Kadar:Octapharma AG: Investigator Other. Miesbach: Octapharma AG: Investigator Other. Nowak-Göttl:Octapharma AG: Investigator Other, Research Funding. Scharrer:Octapharma AG: Investigator Other.

scholarly journals Headache and immunological/autoimmune disorders: a comprehensive review of available epidemiological evidence with insights on potential underlying mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Biscetti ◽  
Gioacchino De Vanna ◽  
Elena Cresta ◽  
Ilenia Corbelli ◽  
Lorenzo Gaetani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Immunological Alterations

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence support a role of the immune system in headache pathogenesis, with particular regard to migraine. Firstly, alterations in cytokine profile and in lymphocyte subsets have been reported in headache patients. Secondly, several genetic and environmental pathogenic factors seem to be frequently shared by headache and immunological/autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, immunological alterations in primary headaches, in particular in migraine, have been suggested to predispose some patients to the development of immunological and autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune disorders, in some cases, seem to favour the onset of headache. Therefore, an association between headache and immunological/autoimmune disorders has been thoroughly investigated in the last years. The knowledge of this possible association may have relevant implications in the clinical practice when deciding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The present review summarizes findings to date regarding the plausible relationship between headache and immunological/autoimmune disorders, starting from a description of immunological alteration of primary headaches, and moving onward to the evidence supporting a potential link between headache and each specific autoimmune/immunological disease.

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