Multilevel analysis of the relationship between school-level variables and student achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ikbal Oldac ◽  
Yasar Kondakci
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Academic Optimism ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
School Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between student achievement and a set of school-level variables, including distributed leadership, academic optimism, teacher collaboration and enabling school structure. The study was designed as correlational research. A Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analysis was conducted with a data set collected from 23,053 students and 426 teachers from 40 randomly selected public schools in Turkey. The data were collected using previously developed scales and student achievement data from the Ministry of National Education. HLM results revealed that two dimensions of academic optimism – namely collective efficacy and trust in clients – and hindering bureaucracy significantly predicted between-school differences in student achievement. The tested HLM model explained 60% of the variation in student achievement across schools. The results revealed that student achievement is shaped by school-level variables that are tied to the structural and functional characteristics of schools in Turkey. However, these school characteristics are rooted in the societal structures and cultural characteristics of the country. Hence, it is concluded that a reinterpretation of common school-level variables used to predict student achievement in the contexts of different countries is necessary.

Compensating, Mediating, and Moderating Effects of School Climate on Academic Achievement Gaps in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Ruth Berkowitz ◽  
Hagit Glickman ◽  
Rami Benbenishty ◽  
Elisheva Ben-Artzi ◽  
Tal Raz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Level ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Ses

Background It is widely agreed among educational researchers and practitioners that schools with positive climates can effectively mitigate the influence of students’ and schools’ socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. Objective This study aimed to fill that gap, examining student perceptions of school climate, student academic achievement, and student and school SES in Israel to develop a reliable and comprehensive assessment of the role of school climate in the relationship between student and school SES and achievement. Specifically, the study tested whether school climate has an additive contribution to academics beyond students’ and schools’ SES (compensation model), whether the school's SES influences its social climate, which in turn influences academic achievement (mediation model); or whether the relationship between SES and academics changes across schools with different climates (moderation model). Research Design Secondary analysis of a large-scale, nationally representative sample of fifth- and eighth-grade Hebrew-speaking students in public schools in Israel (N = 53,946). Data Analysis Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to examine models with variables both on the student and the school levels. Linear regressions were used to examine student level and school level only models. Results School climate had an additive compensation contribution to academic achievements, both on the student and the school levels. School climate moderated the relationship between students’ SES and academic achievements. However, findings did not support the hypothesis that school climate mediated the relationship between SES background and academic achievement, both at the student and school levels. Conclusions School climate plays an important role in accounting for achievements, beyond students’ and schools’ SES. Results highlight the need to improve school climate, especially in schools serving communities of low SES, to enhance social mobility and equality of opportunity.

A capital idea: exploring the relationship between human and social capital and student achievement in schools

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Daly ◽  
Yi-Hwa Liou ◽  
Claudia Der-Martirosian
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeAs accountability policies worldwide press for higher student achievement, schools across the globe are enacting a host of reform efforts with varied outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests reforms, which encourage greater collaboration among teachers, may ultimately support increased student learning. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the relationship between human and social and student achievement outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn exploring this idea, the authors draw on human and social capital and examine the influence of these forms of capital on student achievement using social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that teacher human and social capital each have a significant and positive relationship with student achievement. Moreover, both teacher human and social capital together have an even stronger effect on student achievement than either human or social capital alone.Originality/valueAs more schools across the globe adopt structures for teacher collaboration and the development of learning communities, there is a need to better understand how schools may capitalize on these opportunities in ways that yield improved student learning. Our work sheds new light on these critical foundational elements of human and social capital that are individually and collectively associated with student achievement.

The relationship between principal leadership and teacher collaboration: Investigating the mediating effect of teachers’ collective efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322094569
Author(s):  
André Meyer ◽  
Dirk Richter ◽  
Viola Hartung-Beck
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Principal Leadership ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
School Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Support Teacher ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical research considers teacher collaboration to be an important predictor of outcome variables at the student, teacher, and school level. Principals are responsible for shaping teachers’ work environments, and in doing so, they can strengthen and support teacher collaboration. Drawing on social interdependence theory, we hypothesized that teachers’ collective efficacy has a mediating effect on the relationship between principal leadership and teacher collaboration. We collected data from 630 teachers in 29 primary and secondary schools in Germany and found, based on structural equation modeling, that principal leadership had a significant indirect effect on teacher collaboration, mediated by teachers’ collective efficacy. We discuss the implications of these results for supporting school improvement.

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship between school-level accountability practices and science achievement

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gandara ◽  
Jennifer Randall
Keyword(s):  
Science Achievement ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Science School ◽  
Accountability Practices ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between school-level accountability practices and science achievement of 15-year-olds, across four counties: Australia, Korea, Portugal, and the United States. We used PISA 2006 data, since 2006 is the only administration that has focused on science. School-level accountability practices are here defined as activities that: (a) provide school achievement data to external stakeholders, or (b) establish consequences according to the achievement results. Using linear regression analysis, we found that school-level accountability practices varied across these four countries, albeit not all pairs of countries were significantly different from each other in this regard. Using hierarchical linear modelling, we found that school-level accountability practices had a small effect on science achievement. Importantly, this effect was not independent of schools’ and students’ socio-economic status.

scholarly journals School Library Research in the Real World—What Does it Really Take?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joette Stefl-Mabry ◽  
Michael S. Radlick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Research Design ◽  
School Library ◽  
New York State ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

School libraries are perceived to have a significant effect on student achievement. The reality is that evidence supporting the effects of school libraries on student achievement remains unconvincing to many serious researchers. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of 25 years of school library research examining student achievement. Results indicate that of over 260 studies, fewer than 27 approach the minimum requirements of research design. The unembellished truth is that most school library studies suffer from limitations of design, measurement, and analysis. To address such limitations, we built multiple statistical models based on six years of school-level data reflecting all public schools in New York State. We highlight key challenges of quantitative research: design, indicators, measurement and analysis approaches as they apply to ours and other school library research and share initial results from our study examining the causal relationships among school librarians, resources, activities and student achievement.

The Effects Of Teacher- And School-Level Factors On Teachers Participation In Professional Development Activities: The Role Of Principal Leadership

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set

It is well reported in the literature that professional development activities have great potential to increase teachers competencies in different areas, resulting in greater learning opportunities for students. In Turkey, however, teachers participation in professional development activities is significantly lower compared to almost all developed countries. In this context, this study aims to explore the different teacher- and school-level factors associated with teachers participation in professional development activities in Turkey by using a nationally representative data set from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and employing a multi-level statistical analysis with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Results of the study show that several teacher- and school-level factors are significantly associated with teachers level of participation in professional development activities in Turkey. Specifically, the significant role of school principals in teachers professional development is explored. It is therefore suggested that school principals should be educated on the importance of in-service professional development activities for teachers and their significant role in this matter.

Creating a school context of success

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne M. Mitchell ◽  
Brenda J. Mendiola ◽  
Randall Schumacker ◽  
Xaviera Lowery
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use SEM to explore the effects of enabling school structure (ESS) and academic optimism (AO) on school achievement (SA). Design/methodology/approach A sample of 58 urban schools, including 42 elementary schools and 16 middle schools in a southeastern district in the USA were included in this study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects of three exogenous predictor variables (ESS, elementary status, and socio-economic status (SES)) on a latent mediating variable (AO) and a latent dependent variable (academic achievement). Findings Findings confirm that three factors; collective efficacy, faculty trust in clients, and academic emphasis come together to create the general latent construct referred to as AO by Hoy et al. (2006). Findings also support the importance of ESS in establishing a culture of AO. Together ESS, AO, elementary school level, and SES explained 77 percent of the variance in SA, with AO having the most significant effect above and beyond the effects of SES. Research limitations/implications This study was based on a sample of schools in the Southern portion of the USA. Findings may not be generalizable to other areas. The lack of availability of individual student achievement data prevented the use of hierarchical linear modeling. Practical implications Findings from this study point to the importance of administrators establishing flexible rules and regulations and engaging in a leadership style that is collaborative. It appears that ESS not only promotes the establishment of AO but contributes to increased SA and is likely to be critical for upper levels of schooling. Social implications Reform efforts need to involve parents and community members. AO may provide an appropriate lens to further explore parent and community perceptions of reform efforts and relationships with administrators and teachers. ESS may assist in creating the structures necessary for increased parent and community involvement as well as increased perceptions of AO. Originality/value This study is one of only three studies known to explore the effects of ESS on AO and is one of the first known studies to explore these effects in a middle school setting.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Dwi Asih ◽  
Enung Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Science Olympiad ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Student Management

This article aims to: find out the big role of student management in improving elementary school student achievement, the importance of student management on the achievement of elementary school students. This research is a literature review that seeks to explore and restructure various related concepts from the results of previously available writing. We conducted this study by analyzing the essence of various papers on effective student management in building student achievement. Based on the results of the literature review, it is known that the role of student management in improving student achievement is seen in terms of the role of the teacher is very important, from planning to graduation or alumni, the role of student management in improving learning achievement is the involvement of regulatory efforts towards students from the time the student enters school to them. After graduating from the results of an activity that has been carried out by students, student management includes a role as one of the substances of educational management, so student management occupies a strategic position, because the central service of education, both in the setting of schooling institutions and those outside school institutions, is focused on students. School management which has an important role in the continuity of school development is student management starting from the input, process, and output of students. Student management plays a role in managing input, which is how schools and madrasah view new student admissions. The results of the discussion show that student management has a positive and significant effect on learning discipline in realizing student achievement, it can be seen from the student achievement data of the National Science Olympiad (OSN), the National Student Arts Festival and Competition (FLS2N) and the National Student Sports Olympiad (O2SN) in Wonogiri Regency Elementary School level in 2017, 2018,2019. Wonogiri Regency has actively participated in competitions in the academic and non-academic fields of students which are contested in stages. Some of the achievements have been made at the district, provincial and national levels and even have reached the international level. Educational management greatly affects the efforts to organize new students well, so that there is no overlap and time wastage in the student management process in the classroom.

scholarly journals School Reform: America’s Winchester Mystery House

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Daniel Meyer ◽  
Loredana Werth
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
International Student ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Achievement Tests ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
National Competitiveness

This quantitative study examines the correlation between international student achievement test outcomes and national competitiveness rankings. Student achievement data are derived from a variation-adjusted, common metric data set for 74 countries that have participated in any of the international mathematics and science achievement tests since 1964. National competitiveness data are taken from the 2014-15 Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) published by the World Economic Forum. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation was run to assess the relationship between student performance on international achievement tests and the competitiveness of nations. For all nations, there was a moderate positive correlation between student performance on international achievement tests and the competitiveness of a nation, rs(98)=0.688, p

scholarly journals School District Contributions to Students' Math and Language Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Handford ◽  
Kenneth Leithwood
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
District Leaders ◽  
Achievement Data

Conducted in British Columbia, this mixed-methods study tested the effects of nine district characteristics on student achievement, explored conditions that mediate the effects of such characteristics, and contributed to understandings about the role school-level leaders play in district efforts to improve achievement. Semistructured interview data from 37 school administrators provided qualitative data. Quantitative data were provided by the responses of 998 school and district leaders’ in 21 districts to two surveys. Student achievement data were district-level results of elementary and secondary student provincial math and language test scores. All nine district characteristics contributed significantly to student achievement. Three conditions served as especially powerful mediators of such district effects. The same conditions, as well as others, acted as significant mediators of school-level leader effects on achievement. This is among the few large-scale mixed-methods studies identifying characteristics of districts explaining variation in student achievement.

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