Development and validation of a research instrument for measuring the presence of democratic school leadership characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322093731
Author(s):  
Monika Pažur
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Structure Validation ◽  
Factor Matrix ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Democratic School ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The City ◽  
Expert Validation

The main purpose of this article is to describe the process of development and validation of a research instrument for measuring the presence of democratic school leadership characteristics. The instrument has been developed and validated in the city of Zagreb and Zagreb County in Croatia in four phases: theoretical construction; expert validation ( N = 6 experts); pilot research ( N = 77 teachers); and instrument structure validation through the main research ( N = 651 teachers). The expert validation and pilot research took place in 2018. The main research was conducted in January and February 2019. According to Carmines and Zeller (1979), the results of the factor analysis, which show that the instrument is measuring a single phenomenon, indicate that all four hypotheses have been fulfilled. More specifically, several aspects of the extracted (i.e. unrotated) factor matrix support the following four hypotheses: the (unrotated) factor matrix of all 32 items explains a total of 66.793% of the variance; subsequent components demonstrate the fairly equal proportions of the remaining variance except for a gradual decrease; all items have high factor loadings on the first component (from .603 to .861); and all items have higher loadings on the first than on the second component.

scholarly journals Democratic School Culture and Democratic School Leadership / Demokratska školska kultura i demokratsko školsko vođenje

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Pažur ◽  
Vlatka Domović ◽  
Vesna Kovač
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Democratic School ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of research exploring the relationship betweendemocratic school leadership and democratic school culture in primary schools.The research is based on the present knowledge that points to the significant role ofprincipals in the process of developing and changing school culture (Fullan, 2005).The aim of the research was to determine the extent of primary teachers’ perceptionregarding the level of development of selected characteristics of democratic schoolleadership and its connection to their estimate of the level of development of selectedcharacteristics of democratic school culture. The research comprised 651 teachersfrom the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. The research was conducted by meansof a survey using a questionnaire containing two instruments: the Instrumentfor the measurement of characteristics of democratic school leadership (designedfor the research) and the Instrument for the measurement of characteristics ofdemocratic school culture (adopted from Spajić-Vrkaš, 2016). According to theteachers’ perception, principals in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County implementcharacteristics of democratic school leadership to a significant degree. They perceivethe level of characteristics of democratic school culture as moderate. In addition, theresearch has determined a statistically significant high positive correlation betweencharacteristics of democratic school leadership and democratic school culture.Key words: democratic school culture; democratic school leadership; primary school;principal, teachers. - U radu je prikazano istraživanje u kojem je provjeren odnos između demokratskogaškolskog vođenja i demokratske školske kulture u osnovnim školama. Istraživanje setemelji na dosadašnjim spoznajama koje upućuju na značajnu ulogu ravnatelja urazvoju i mijenjanju školske kulture (Fullan, 2005). Svrha je istraživanja utvrditije li i u kojoj mjeri procjena učitelja osnovnih škola o stupnju razvijenosti odabranih obilježja demokratskoga školskog vođenja povezana s njihovomprocjenom stupnja razvijenosti odabranih obilježja demokratske školske kulture.U istraživanju je sudjelovao 651 učitelj iz grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije.Istraživanje je provedeno anketnim ispitivanjem u kojem je korišten upitnik kojije sadržavao Instrument za mjerenje obilježja demokratskoga školskog vođenja(izrađen za potrebe istraživanja) i Instrument za mjerenje obilježja demokratskeškolske kulture (preuzet od Spajić-Vrkaš, 2016.). Prema percepciji učitelja ravnateljiu Gradu Zagrebu i Zagrebačkoj županiji u značajnoj mjeri implementiraju obilježjademokratskoga školskog vođenja te percipiraju da u školama postoji osrednjarazina prisutnosti obilježja demokratske školske kulture. Nadalje, istraživanjemje utvrđena statistički značajna visoka pozitivna povezanost između obilježjademokratskoga školskog vođenja i demokratske školske kulture.Ključne riječi: demokratska školska kultura; demokratsko školsko vođenje; osnovnaškola; ravnatelj; učitelji.

Strategy of Adaptable Renewal Planning on Culture-Led Existing-Blocks in the Main City of Chongqing

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1612-1616
Author(s):  
Yu Hui Xu ◽  
Jia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Neighborhood Relationship ◽  
The City

Culture-led urban regeneration is an influential planning strategy in Western countries, which is to maintain the city character while enhancing the overall competitiveness of the city through the construction of cultural development to meet the urban environment of the new cultural needs. For the moment, the rapid development of social economy of Chongqing has accelerated its urbanization process. As one of the available land stock resources of urban, existing-blocks need updating to meet the new environmental requirements immediately because of physical and functional decline. So it is essential to consider the strategy of culture-led urban regeneration synthetically. It can not only maintain the social network structure and neighborhood relationship of the existing-blocks to continue urban context while improving its image, but also provide a sustainable competitive city. Taking existing-blocks in Chongqing as the main research object, analyze the current characteristics of the existing-blocks, then put forward the culture-led planning strategy from macro, micro and mid-scale to adapt the development of Chongqing existing-blocks by drawing on the experience at home and abroad.

scholarly journals Two “Identical” Freiburg Charters of 1275. Short Draft

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Pavel Blokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
City Council ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Introduction. In 1275, two drafts of town law of Freiburg im Breisgau were created. This article presents an analysis of one of these texts, namely the short draft. Methods and materials. The main research method is comparative historical analysis. The contents of two charters are compared, namely the 1218 Rodel draft and the short draft of 1275. Analysis. There are 6 thematic clusters uniting the laws by branches of law: 1) privileges of citizens and rights of the Town Lord; 2) criminal procedure law; 3) civil law; 4) town administration; 5) trade law; 6) various laws. The first part of the laws from the short draft is a translation of the Rodelian laws, the second one represents reformulated Rodelian norms, while the last one contains new laws in the legislation of Freiburg. Results. Though the document did not become an official town charter, it manifested the changes in the town law of the 13th century, compared to the previous 1218 Town Charter. In addition, the laws in the draft reflected the political struggle for power between the Town Lord of Freiburg, the City Council of 24 and the town community. The Town Lord regained his previously lost rights, in particular the legislative initiative. However, at the same time, the short draft significantly limited Lord’s arbitrariness towards the property of citizens as well as Freiburg citizens themselves. According to the short draft, the City Council of 24 strengthened and expanded its power in the town, becoming a full-fledged legislative and executive body of the town administration. The town community, on the other hand, was losing its privileges and rights, for example, it lost the opportunity to elect some of the civil servants and members of the Council of 24.

scholarly journals Developing a conceptual model for the relationship between rituals and the city based on the Theory of Sense of Place: the case of the historical texture of Gorgan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Livani ◽  
Hamidreza Saremi ◽  
Mojtaba Rafieian
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Oriented Approach

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how the city is influenced by the ritual of Muharram. The main research question is: what is the relationship between the city and the ritual of Muharram? To answer this question, we examined different intangible layers of this ritual heritage. This study is based on the three components of the sense of place. The research method is qualitative and a context-oriented approach is adopted. The context of the study is the historical texture of the city of Gorgan, Iran. The data were collected through library research and immediate observation. Next, content analysis and data coding were used to obtain a set of thematic categories. The results suggest that, as a kind of ritual-social behavior, the ritual of Muharram has had remarkable, enduring effects on the city over centuries. The non-urban-development dimension has thus allowed for the formation of sense of place in the relationship between people and the urban environment through a different process.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Budaya Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256
Author(s):  
Aulia Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
School Culture ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Vocational Teachers ◽  
The City

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dan menguji hipotesis tentang pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, dan budaya sekolah, terhadap kinerja guru. Hipotesis penelitian diuji meliputi: Terdapat pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru, terdapat pengaruh budaya sekolah terhadap kinerja guru, dan terdapat pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Dan dilakukan analisis dengan analisis regresi berganda. terdapat kesimpulan dari hasil pengujian hipotesis, sebagai berikut. Terdapat pengaruh signifikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMK rumpun pariwisata di Kota Tangerang. Dibuktikan dengan nilai Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05 dan t0 = 9,606. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan budaya sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMK rumpun pariwisata di Kota Tangerang. Dibuktikan dengan nilai Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05 dan t0 = 4,391 Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru SMK rumpun pariwisata di Kota Tangerang. Dibuktikan dengan nilai Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05 dan Fo = 3471,597. AbstractThe study aims to analyze and test the truth of the hypothesis of the influence of the style of school leadership and school culture, the performance of teachers. The research hypotheses were tested include influences of the principal's leadership style on teacher performance, there is the influence of school culture on teacher performance, and there are a style influence school leadership and school culture on teacher performance. The study was conducted with descriptive qualitative method. Were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The hypothesis testing results obtained the following conclusions. There is a significant effect of the leadership style of principals on teacher performance SMK clump of tourism in the city of Tangerang. Evidenced by the Sig. = 0.000 <0.05 and t0 = 9.606. There is a significant effect on the performance of the school culture vocational teachers clump of tourism in the city of Tangerang. Evidenced by the Sig. = 0.000 <0.05 and t0 = 4.391 There is a significant influence style of school leadership and school culture together on teacher performance SMK clump of tourism in the city of Tangerang that Evidenced by the Sig. = 0.000 <0.05 and Fo = 3471.597.    

scholarly journals Petra Revisited: An Astronomical Approach to the Nabataean Cultic Calendar

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Belmonte ◽  
A. César González García
Keyword(s):  
Source Analysis ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Petra, the ancient Nabataean capital, has been one of our main research objectives since the first field campaign on site in 1996. 1 In December 2015 a new visit to the city was made to coincide with the winter solstice. Historical, ethnographic, epigraphic and archaeological records are compared in order to gain an insight on the Nabataean calendar. From this multi-source analysis two main points arise: the importance of both equinoxes and winter solstice within the lunisolar calendar and the relevance of some processions and pilgrimages. These combined with illumination effects observed and broadcasted at the principal monuments of Petra, and new important hierophanies, predicted in previous campaigns,2 indicate the relevance of these dates at the time of the Nabataeans. Winter solstice was an important event in the Nabataean cultic calendar when a festival of the main deities of the city, the God Dushara and his partner the goddess Al-Uzza, was commemorated. This probably took the form of a pilgrimage, and related cultic activities, such as ascending from the temples at the centre of the city (presumably from Qsar el Bint and the Temple of the Winged Lions), to the Monastery (Ad-Deir) through an elaborated stone-carved processional way. The relevance of the spring and autumn equinox within the cultic calendar will also be emphasized in relationship to other sacred sites in Petra, such as the Zibb Atuff obelisks, and additional Nabataean sites.

scholarly journals SERVICE CATCHMENT OF MASS RAPID TRANSIT (MRT) FEEDER BUS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF T461 ROUTE TAMAN KAJANG UTAMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Aida Lim Jhin Lin ◽  
Zakiah Ponrahono
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Feeder Bus ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The City ◽  
Rail Services

The planning and development of rail services require various considerations. Land availability, land use, catchment, route matching, infrastructure fitting, barrier free and micro-climate friendly designs are some of the factors heeded prior to such installations. A deviation between designated and highly demanded service area in urban sprawl zones of the city has been occurring in many Malaysian cities. These gaps have led to the mismatch between origin/destination of passengers and planned locations of train stations and its feeder bus stops. As such, rail services become less accessible to populations with the highest demands. This paper discusses the preliminary findings from a pilot study which seeks to calibrate the research instrument and validate preliminary findings before actual data collection for the purpose of determining the service catchment of the T461 feeder bus in Kajang MRT Station. The Garmin GPS device acts as the research instrument to obtain coordinates of locations where passengers board and alight feeder buses. On-board surveys and comparison analyses are methods that have been used to obtain the optimum GPS coordinates of the bus stop locations. The preliminary findings indicate that the research instrument is ready to be used for actual data collection and geospatial analysis to determine the service catchment of the T461 feeder bus service.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Teacher and Student Questionnaires Measuring Inhibitors of Curriculum Viability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Annemarie Spruijt ◽  
Usman Mahboob ◽  
Mohamed Al Eraky ◽  
Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Expert Validation

Abstract BackgroundCurriculum viability is determined by the degree to which quality standards have or have not been met, and by the inhibitors that affect attainment of those standards. The literature reports many ways to evaluate whether a curriculum reaches its quality standards, but less attention is paid to the identification of viability inhibitors in different areas of the curriculum that hamper the attainment of quality. The purpose of this study is to develop and establish the reliability and validity of questionnaires that measure the presence of inhibitors in an undergraduate medical curriculum. MethodsTeacher and student questionnaires developed by the authors were sent to medical educationalists for qualitative expert validation and to establish their content validity. To establish the response process validity, cognitive interviews were held with teachers and students to clarify any confusion about the meaning of items in the questionnaires. Reliability and construct validity of the questionnaires were established by responses from 575 teachers and 247 final-year medical students.Results Qualitative expert validation was provided by 21 experts. The initial teacher and student questionnaires containing respectively 62 items to measure 12 theoretical constructs, and 28 items to measure 7 constructs, were modified to improve their clarity and relevance. The overall scale validity index for the questionnaires was, in order, .95 and .94. Following the cognitive interviews, the resultant teacher and student questionnaires were reduced to respectively 52 and 23 items. Furthermore, after the confirmatory analysis, the final version of the teacher questionnaire was reduced to 25 items to measure 6 constructs and the student questionnaire was reduced to 14 items to measure 3 constructs. Good-for-fit indices were established for the final model and Cronbach alphas of, in order, .89 and .81 were found for the teacher and student questionnaire.ConclusionThe valid and reliable curriculum viability inhibitor questionnaires for teachers and students developed in this study can be used by medical schools to identify inhibitors to achieve standards in different areas of the curriculum.

The Impact of the District’s Magnitude on the Gender Composition of the Municipal Deputy Corps

2021 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ruslan S. Mukhametov
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Electoral District ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study is to explain the difference in the proportion of women deputies in the representative bodies of different municipalities. The author assesses the impact of the electoral districts size on the gender composition of municipal legislative bodies (dumas). A review of theoretical and empirical works shows that more women are elected to Parliament under the proportional representation system than under the majority system with single-mandate constituencies. According to the author, the decisive factor is not the type of the electoral system, but the size of the electoral district. Two working hypotheses were formulated. According to the first, representative bodies of municipalities, whose elections are held according to a majority system with multi-member districts, will have a higher representation of women than local dumas which are formed on the basis of a majority system with single-member districts. According to the second hypothesis, higher representation of women in the deputy corps of settlements can be associated with the holding of elections under the majority system with multi-mandate districts. To test the proposed hypotheses in the context of municipalities, empirical material was collected. The study was carried out on the data from the Sverdlovsk region. The database of indicators of municipalities of Rosstat, as well as the official websites of local administrations were used as the source of information. The method of multiple linear regression is used as the main research method. The data was analyzed with the Gretl applied statistical program. Statistical calculations have revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of multi-mandate constituencies-based elections on the proportion of women in the deputy corps, which contributes to the study of gender aspects of politics. It is shown that the size of the electoral district is important for the representation of women in the city councils. The article notes that the transition to holding elections of deputies on the basis of a majority system with multi-mandate districts will help increase the proportion of women in municipal representative bodies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document