Alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in China: the Cardiovascular Risk Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Yi-Ning Yang ◽  
Zhen-Yan Fu ◽  
Xiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Uygur Population

Aim: The relationship between alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis has been reported in some epidemiological studies, but the results were conflicting. We investigated the association between alcohol intake and carotid atherosclerosis in the Han, Uygur, and Kazakh populations in Xinjiang in western China. Methods and results: The study population sample comprised 13,037 Chinese people (5277 Han, 4572 Uygur, and 3188 Kazakh) aged ≥35 years who participated in a cardiovascular risk survey between June 2007 and March 2010. Daily consumption of alcohol was determined by the number and frequency of alcoholic beverages consumed. Carotid-artery parameters, including common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA–IMT) and carotid plaques were measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. In the Han and Kazakh populations, CCA–IMT as a function of alcohol consumption was depicted as a J-shaped curve with a nadir for the alcohol-intake category of 20–29.9 g/day; In the Uygur population, a similar curve with a nadir of 30–49.9 g/day was observed. With respect to the prevalence of carotid plaques, we also observed similar curves in the Han and Kazakh populations, but not in the Uygur population. After adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking status, as well as levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, the J-shaped curves remained. Conclusions: Our results indicated that alcohol consumption was associated with carotid atherosclerosis and that moderate drinking had an inverse association with carotid atherosclerosis. However, the definition of moderate drinking could be different in Han, Uygur, and Kazakh populations.

scholarly journals Association of Elevated Non-HDL-C and LDL-C with Carotid Atherosclerosis among Tibetans Living at High Altitudes: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjin Hu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Qiling Gou ◽  
Runyu Ye ◽  
Zhipeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Particles

Abstract Background: Hypoxic circumstances impair endothelial function and may contribute to carotid atherosclerosis. In high-altitude areas, there is a scarcity of data on the correlation between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 587 patients who underwent carotid artery ultrasound and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in our cross-sectional study. All participants resided in Luhuo County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China (mean altitude: 3,860 meters). We used questionnaires, physical examination, blood sample testing, and ultrasound in our investigation. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. We compared the disparity between lipid particles in predicting atherosclerosis using the receiver operator characteristic curve.Results: We found a statistically significant association between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. After adjustment for certain variables, including age, gender, mean arterial pressure, and fasting blood glucose, we discovered that non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was a risk factor for carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.012, p = 0.032) but not for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.073). In terms of lifestyle, non-HDL-C was also found to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis independent of cigarette smoking and vegetarian (β = 0.012, p = 0.049). The optimal cut-off value of non-HDL-C was 3.625 mmol/L in predicting carotid plaques.Conclusions: Among Tibetans living in high-altitude areas, non-HDL-C is a better biomarker than LDL-C for carotid artery atherosclerosis independent of conventional risk factors.

scholarly journals Association of Elevated Non-HDL-C and LDL-C with Carotid atherosclerosis among Tibetans Living at High Altitudes: A Cross-sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjin Hu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Qiling Gou ◽  
Runyu Ye ◽  
Zhipeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Particles

Abstract Background: Hypoxic circumstances impair endothelial function and may contribute to carotid atherosclerosis. In high-altitude areas, there is a scarcity of data on the correlation between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 587 patients who underwent carotid artery ultrasound and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in our cross-sectional study. All participants resided in Luhuo County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China (mean altitude: 3,860 meters). We used questionnaires, physical examination, blood sample testing, and ultrasound in our investigation. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. We compared the disparity between lipid particles in predicting atherosclerosis using the receiver operator characteristic curve.Results: We found a statistically significant association between lipid particles and carotid atherosclerosis. After adjustment for certain variables, including age, gender, mean arterial pressure, and fasting blood glucose, we discovered that non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was a risk factor for carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.012, p = 0.032) but not for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.073). In terms of lifestyle, non-HDL-C was also found to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis independent of cigarette smoking and vegetarian (β = 0.012, p = 0.049). The area under the curve (AUC) of non-HDL-C was 0.644 (CI: 0.583 – 0.706) while LDL-C was 0.599 (CI: 0.534 - 0.664) in predicting carotid atherosclerosis. The optimal cut-off value of non-HDL-C was 3.625 mmol/L in predicting carotid plaques. Conclusions: Among Tibetans living in high-altitude areas, non-HDL-C is a better biomarker than LDL-C for carotid artery atherosclerosis independent of conventional risk factors. It is crucial to resolve non-HDL-C dyslipidemia in order to mitigate carotid atherosclerosis in Tibetans living at high-altitude settings.

scholarly journals Acute Stress-Induced Blood Lipid Reactivity in Hypertensive and Normotensive Men and Prospective Associations with Future Cardiovascular Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3400
Author(s):  
Cathy Degroote ◽  
Roland von Känel ◽  
Livia Thomas ◽  
Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl ◽  
Jens C. Pruessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
P Values ◽  
D Dimer

Hyperreactivity to stress may be one explanation for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with essential hypertension. We investigated blood lipid reactivity to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST), a psychosocial stressor, in hypertensive and normotensive men and tested for prospective associations with biological risk factors. Fifty-six otherwise healthy and medication-free hypertensive and normotensive men underwent the MIST. We repeatedly measured cortisol and blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)) immediately before and up to 1 h after stress. Lipid levels were corrected for stress hemoconcentration. Thirty-five participants completed follow-up assessment 2.9 ± 0.12 (SEM) years later. CVD risk was assessed by prospective changes in TC/HDL-C ratio, IL-6, D-dimer, and HbA1c from baseline to follow-up. The MIST induced significant changes in all parameters except TC (p-values ≤ 0.043). Compared with normotensives, hypertensives had higher TC/HDL-C-ratio and TG (p-values ≤ 0.049) stress responses. Blood lipid stress reactivity predicted future cardiovascular risk (p = 0.036) with increases in HbA1c (ß = 0.34, p = 0.046), IL-6 (ß = 0.31, p = 0.075), and D-dimer (ß = 0.33, p = 0.050). Our results suggest that the greater blood lipid reactivity to psychosocial stress in hypertensives, the greater their future biological CVD risk. This points to lipid stress reactivity as a potential mechanism through which stress might increase CVD risk in essential hypertension.

Abstract 13170: Endothelial Function is Impaired in Relation to Alcohol Consumption in Men in a Large General Population

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Oda ◽  
Yukihito Higashi ◽  
Masato Kajikawa ◽  
Tatsuya Maruhashi ◽  
Akimichi Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Endothelial function is impaired in heavy or binge drinking. Heavy drinking should be a predictor of endothelial dysfunction. However, there is little information on the effects of dose-dependent alcohol consumption on endothelial function. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between alcohol consumption and endothelial function in a large general population. Methods and Results: We measured flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 2734 men who provided self-report about habitual alcohol intake. The subjects were divided into five groups by alcohol consumption: none (0 g/week), light (0 g/week< to ≤140 g/week), moderate (140 g/week< to ≤280 g/week), heavy (280 g/week< to ≤420 g/week), and excessive (420 g/week<). Age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and current smoking were significantly correlated with alcohol consumption. FMD showed a gradual decrease according to increased alcohol consumption (none, 6.6±3.4%; light, 6.2±3.0%; moderate, 6.0±3.0%; heavy, 5.5±2.9%; excessive, 5.3±3.0%; P<0.01). There was a significant difference in FMD between the non-drinker group and the light drinker group (P=0.018). After adjusted risk factors, we showed the significantly smaller FMD in the 4 drinker groups than in the non-drinker group: light drinker group (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.75), moderate drinker group (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.82), heavy drinker group (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.87), excessive drinker group (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.89). Conclusions: These findings suggest that even light alcohol consumption impair the endothelial function. Alcohol drinking may be harmful for vascular function.

Abstract P158: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Acute Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Risk of Cardiovascular Events

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mostofsky ◽  
Harpreet S Chahal ◽  
Kenneth J Mukamal ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
Murray A Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Heavy Alcohol

Introduction: Although considerable research describes the cardiovascular effects of habitual moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, the acute risks following alcohol intake have not been well characterized. Based on its physiological effects, alcohol may have markedly different effects on acute and long-term risk. We assessed the hypothesis that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with an immediately higher risk of cardiovascular events that becomes protective after 24 hours, whereas heavy alcohol drinking is associated with higher cardiovascular risk both immediately and in the following days. Methods: We searched CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and PsycINFO from inception to March 12 2015, supplemented with manual screening for observational studies assessing the association between alcohol intake and cardiovascular events in the following hours and days. We calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between alcohol intake and myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to model any alcohol intake or dose-response relationships of alcohol intake and cardiovascular events. Results: Among 1056 citations and 37 full-text articles reviewed, 23 studies (29457 participants) were included. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with an acutely higher cardiovascular risk that was attenuated after 24 hours and even protective for MI and HS (≈2-4 drinks: RR=30% lower risk), and protective against IS within one week (≈6 drinks: RR=19% lower risk). In contrast, heavy alcohol drinking was associated with higher cardiovascular risk in the following day (≈6-9 drinks: RR=1.3-2.3) and week (≈19-30 drinks: RR=2.25-6.2). Conclusions: In conclusion, there appears to be a consistent finding of an acutely higher cardiovascular risk following any alcohol consumption but by 24 hours, only heavy alcohol intake conferred continued risk.

Abstract 3482: Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression is Correlated with Carotid Intraplaque hemorrhage in a Swine Model

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Song Shi ◽  
Xiao-Bing Jiang ◽  
Jin-Shan Wang ◽  
Wei-Si Yuan ◽  
Dong-Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intraplaque Hemorrhage ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

Purpose: The limited number of large animal carotid atherosclerotic models restricts the preclinical evaluation of endovascular therapies. Carotid intraplaque hemorrhage may be associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid disease. In this study, we assess the association of the lesional expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 with vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaque and intraplaque hemorrhage in a Swine model. Materials and Methods: Carotid atherosclerosis was induced in miniswines using the combination of partial ligation and high cholesterol diet, and a minimum 70% stenosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography immediately post-ligation. Carotid artery sections were obtained for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study for MMP-9 at three months. Distal embolism was determined by the presence of atheroemboli in the ipsilateral rete mirabile. Atherosclerotic changes were classified by AHA/Stary stage (type I to VI). The association of distal embolism in the rete mirabile with vulnerable carotid plaque was analyzed. The association of MMP-9 expression in the plaque with the vulnerable plaque and intraplaque hemorrhage was further analyzed. Results: One hundred ninety-one carotid segments from ten carotid artery models were assessed. Among 139 segments with atherosclerotic changes, 102 segments had vulnerable plaque (Stary IV to VI). Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques were found more frequently in the vessel wall proximal to the partial ligation than distal ( P <0.0001). Distal embolism was found in all 10 rete mirabilis, and deemed to be from the ipsilateral vulnerable carotid plaques. Areas positive for MMP-9 tended to be greater in the vulnerable plaque than in the stable plaque (8.69 ± 0.73% vs. 7.04 ± 0.94%, p=0.35). Areas positive for MMP-9 were significantly greater in the plaque with intraplaque hemorrhage than in the plaque without intraplaque hemorrhage (11.84 ± 1.22% vs. 6.63 ± 0.59%, p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, positive expression of MMP-9 was an independent predictor of intraplaque hemorrhage (p=0.007). Conclusion: Vulnerable carotid plaques with distal embolism were created in a Swine model of carotid atherosclerosis. Increased expression of MMP-9 may be associated with vulnerable carotid plaques, especially having the feature of intraplaque hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Particle Predictors of Arterial Stiffness after 17 Years of Follow Up: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jacob Hartz ◽  
Ronald M. Krauss ◽  
Mikael Göttsater ◽  
Olle Melander ◽  
Peter Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cancer Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Diet And Cancer

Background. Central arterial stiffness is a surrogate of cardiovascular risk and predicts cardiovascular mortality. Apolipoprotein B lipoproteins are also established cardiovascular risk factors. It is not known whether specific lipoprotein subclasses measured in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study and previously shown to be associated with coronary heart disease also predict arterial stiffening after a mean period of 17 years. Methods. Lipoprotein particle analysis was performed on 2,505 men and women from Malmö, Sweden, from 1991 to 1994, and arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-fPWV) on this same cohort from 2007 to 2012. Associations between c-fPWV and lipoprotein particles were determined with multiple linear regression, controlling for sex, presence of diabetes, waist-to-hip circumference, and smoking status at baseline, as well as heart rate (measured at the carotid artery), mean arterial pressure, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, C-reactive protein (CRP), and age at the time of c-fPWV measurement. Results. The results confirm that triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) predict c-fPWV. We identify a positive predictive association for very small, small, and medium (high risk), but not large LDL particles. There was a negative association for large HDL particles. The relationships between c-fPWV and high-risk LDL particles were unaffected by adjusting for LDL-c or CRP and were only mildly attenuated by adjusting for the homeostatic model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Due to the collinearity of very small, small, and medium LDL particles and dyslipidemia (elevated TG and decreased HDL-c), the observed relationship between c-fPWV and high-risk LDL particles became insignificant after controlling for the concentration of HDL-c, large cholesterol-rich HDL particles, and TG. Conclusions. The development of central arterial stiffness previously associated with combined dyslipidemia may be mediated in part by LDL particles, particularly the very small-, small-, and medium-sized LDL particles.

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