scholarly journals ‘A wee kick up the arse’: Mentoring, motivation and desistance from crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110436
Author(s):  
Steve Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Activities ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
General Desire ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
Agency And Structure ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Desire To Change

Mentoring is an increasingly popular approach for supporting people who have a history of offending. Previous research provides some evidence that it may contribute to reductions in offending behaviour and support desistance from crime. The present study analysed interviews with 33 people who used mentoring services in Scotland to examine the relationships between mentoring, motivation and desistance. The findings suggest that the offer of mentoring may translate a general desire to change into motivation by providing the means to achieve this change. Mentoring may help people develop ‘hooks for change’ through practical assistance that leads to positive changes and by encouraging people see the value of such changes. Mentors can also model ways of being that outline possible future selves and services can structure in pro-social activities that support stakes in conformity. The article contributes to theoretical understandings of motivation and desistance by specifying the interplay of agency and structure.

scholarly journals Counterfactuality as a Polyphonic Assemblage. Entangled Human and Nonhuman Stories of Early Modern Sciences in Neal Stephenson’s The Baroque Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Mateusz Chaberski
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Multispecies Ethnography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Neal Stephenson ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Point Of Departure

Summary In recent science-fiction literature, we can witness a proliferation of new counterfactual narratives which take the 17th century as their point of departure. Unlike steampunk narratives, however, their aim is not to criticise the socio-political effects caused by contemporary technological development. Such authors as Neal Stephenson or Ian Tregillis, among others, are interested in revisiting the model of development in Western societies, routing around the logic of progress. Moreover, they demonstrate that modernity is but an effect of manifold contingent and indeterminate encounters of humans and nonhumans and their distinct temporalities. Even the slightest modification of their ways of being could have changed Western societies and cultures. Thus, they necessitate a rather non-anthropocentric model of counterfactuality which is not tantamount to the traditional alternative histories which depart from official narratives of the past. By drawing on contemporary multispecies ethnography, I put forward a new understanding of counter-factuality which aims to reveal multiple entangled human and nonhuman stories already embedded in the seemingly unified history of the West. In this context, the concept of “polyphonic assemblage” (Lowenhaupt-Tsing) is employed to conceptualize the contingent and open-ended encounters of human and nonhuman historical actors which cut across different discourses and practices. I analyse Stephenson’s The Baroque Cycle to show the entangled stories of humans and nonhumans in 17th century sciences, hardly present in traditional historiographies. In particular, Stephenson’s depiction of quicksilver and coffeehouse as nonhuman historical actors is scrutinized to show their vital role in the production of knowledge at the dawn of modernity.

Abstract 223: Association Between Covid-19 Pandemic Related Anxiety and Advanced Care Planning Desire in Cardiac Arrest Survivors

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Meyer ◽  
Samuel Jacobson ◽  
David Roh ◽  
Soojin Park ◽  
Jan Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Advanced Directives ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Desire To Change

Introduction: Patients with cardiovascular disease conditions are at high risk for direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality. In light of this, we aimed to assess the extent to which COVID-19-related anxiety in patients with a history of cardiac arrest (CA) correlates with the desire to change or discuss advanced directives. Methods: Between May 15-28, 2020, a month after the New York City (NYC) COVID-19 pandemic peak, CA survivors from a prospective cohort were invited to participate in a telephone-based assessment of the pandemic’s impact on psychological and other survivorship dimensions. COVID-19-related anxiety was measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-3 scale, which asks how often respondents felt (1) anxious, (2) unable to stop worrying, and (3) excessively worried over two weeks, and was keyed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Desire to discuss or to change financial and/or health-related advanced directives were reported on a yes-or-no basis. Results: 100 approached, 69 CA survivors participated (53% male; age 61±15 years; 44% White, 20% Black, and 31% Latinx). A majority, 58 of 69 (84%), had no COVID-19 symptoms and/or were not tested. Only 12 of the 69 respondents (17%) showed interest in discussing or changing advanced directives. There were no significant differences in the age, sex, race, or COVID-19 symptoms status between those who showed desire versus those who did not. Desire to change advance directives was significantly associated with increased COVID-19-related anxiety (OR 1.5, CI 95% [1.2-1.9] p<0.002). Conclusions: In CA survivors, a desire to change financial or healthcare-related advanced directives during the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with increased pandemic-related anxiety. The causality and directionality of this relationship require further, qualitative study.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Quincy D. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Mormon History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

After her death, Jane James faded into obscurity until the late twentieth century, when she gained new fame. Mormons used her story to reimagine their church as racially diverse and Joseph Smith as racially egalitarian. For historians of American religion and others, James’s story gives the history of Mormonism from below and shows the limits of Mormonism’s democratizing impulse. It illustrates the variety of Mormon religious experience and shows the limits of focusing on temple rituals and priesthood. James’s Mormonism differed from that of other Latter-day Saints and thus illustrates how race and gender shaped ways of being Mormon. James also shaped Mormon history in subtle but crucial ways. Her presence in present-day LDS discourses suggests that she has finally achieved what she worked so hard for during her life: Mormons of all races now hold her in “honourable remembrance,” as her second patriarchal blessing promised her.

Property as Ontology: On Aboriginal and English Understandings of Ownership

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Property Regimes ◽  
Ways Of Being

A critical knowledge of the evolution of the idea of property would embody, in some respects, the most remarkable portion of mental history of mankind.– L.H. MorganNow you try and say what is involved in seeing something as something. It is not easy.– Ludwig WittgensteinIn this paper I argue that a comparison of English and Aboriginal conceptions of property yields insight into the ontologically specific grounds that inform institutionalized socio-cultural practices like property. Where the foundations of English conceptions of property are highly rationalistic, Aboriginal conceptions eschew categorization and are indicative of a highly nuanced and different way of understanding the worldliness of a human being. As such, a comparison of such conceptions becomes not simply a comparison of ways of owning and possessing, but a cross-cultural comparison of ways of relating to the world at large for what are ostensibly economic purposes.To argue this is to assume that there is much more going on within culture that is determinative of ways of being than to simply assume that all cultures share universal cultural traits. In this paper I therefore discuss some of the philosophical foundations that underlie Western conceptions of the human’s relation to the world as embodied in principles of property law, as well as looking at the philosophical significance of that view. I also look at the way various Aboriginal peoples in Canada understand their own relationship to the world-at-large as it is expressed in what they understand as the property regimes of their society.

Reflections on the Development of Cultural Studies in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Tamari
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Cultural Intervention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Excellent Research ◽  
New Development ◽  
History Of

Although Japan had its own distinctive ‘pre-history’ of cultural studies, which produced some excellent research on popular culture, which can be traced back to the 1920s, the current state of cultural studies has been criticized by conventional mainstream academics; whereas the younger generation has been attracted by cultural studies as a new academic trend. An important new development in cultural studies in Japan is Cultural Typhoon. This new movement seeks to avoid institutionalization and create an alternative academic public sphere alongside broadened cultural practices, social activities and political interventions. Cultural studies in Japan can be seen as a part of a new diversity in cultural studies, which has some potentialities to move beyond the academy and open new dialogical spaces for communication and cultural intervention.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF MODERNIZATION OF TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Idrısova ◽  
◽  
Kh. Tursun ◽  
E. Zh Kuandykova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the history of the traditional Kazakh society of the XVIII - early XX century, the institutions of power established by the colonials, the course and consequences of the transformation of land, financial relations, the activities of political and social institutions of the Kazakh traditional society, the process of their transformation by the colonial power, systematizes the characteristic society signs of a traditional society, classified by their cultural, spiritual, political and social activities. The influence of the Russian Empire in Kazakh-Russian relations is seen as a reflection of the process of traditional society transformation. During the transformation of traditional society, the parallel implementation of two directions - modernization and ethnic deformation is revealed. An assessment is given to the formed Eurocentric, ethnocentric conclusions regarding the history of transformation of a traditional society into a modern society, or an agrarian society into an industrial one. The authors propose an interpretation of the concept "ethno-deformation of traditional society" and its manifestation in Kazakh society. Analysis of the history of Kazakh traditional society using the principles of socio-economic determinism, formed by the developers of the theory of modernization.

scholarly journals Professor of the Clinics of Nervous Diseases at Moscow and Samara Universities Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov (1859-1926)

2021 ◽  
Vol XXX (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
G. V. Arkhangelsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Activities ◽  
History Of

The scientific and social activities of the talented neuropathologist Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov have not received due reflection in the neurological literature, monographs and articles on the history of Russian neurology.

Context in Person, Person in Context

2012 ◽  
pp. 181-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Adams
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Culturally Grounded ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Being

This chapter applies a cultural psychology framework to provide a macrosocial account of social-personality psychology. Extending the standard social-psychological emphasis on the importance of context, the first section considers the cultural constitution of personal experience. A history of engagement with particular cultural affordances shapes a person with an associated set of residual tendencies such that what appear to be “personal” dispositions are instead a form of context in person: embodied traces of a person’s engagement with ecological structures of mind that continually reconstitute the person’s habitual ways of being. Extending an emphasis on importance of subjective construal, the second section considers the psychological constitution of cultural worlds. As people act on subjective interpretations, their behavior leaves traces on objective realities to create a form of person in context: everyday constructions of reality that bear the influence of personal activity. In this way, a cultural psychology analysis balances the traditional social psychological emphasis on “the power of the situation” with a restored emphasis on the power of the culturally grounded person as (re)constructor of intentional worlds.

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