Premenstrual syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanmugaratnam ◽  
Hari Shanmugaratnam ◽  
Miss Maryam Parisaei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by cyclical physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the time between ovulation and the onset of menstruation). The symptoms disappear or significantly regress by the end of menstruation. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe variant of premenstrual syndrome. PMS is common and severe symptoms can have detrimental effects on a woman's quality of life. GPs play a key role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. This article aims to provide an overview of the current evidence and guidelines for recognising and managing PMS in general practice.

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Rianne van der Linde ◽  
Tom Dening
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

The term: ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia’ (BPSD) refers to a mixed group of phenomena. BPSD are the non-cognitive features of dementia and include depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, apathy, irritability, aggression, and sleep and eating problems. They occur in around 80% of people with dementia at some stage, several of them becoming more frequent as dementia progresses. Some BPSD, notably apathy, are very persistent. BPSD often limit the person’s quality of life and can be stressful for carers. Causes of BPSD include biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. This chapter explores how they are assessed and measured, and how they may usefully grouped together in symptom clusters. Usually four symptom groups are found: affective symptoms, psychosis, hyperactivity, and euphoria. However, these are not always consistent and in particular apathy does not consistently belong in one group. Approaches to management of BPSD are outlined.

scholarly journals Use of parametric speaker for older people with dementia in a residential care setting: A preliminary study of two cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nishiura ◽  
Minoru Hoshiyama ◽  
Yoko Konagaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older People ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
Narrow Space

Objective/Background Older people with dementia often show behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia such as agitation, aggression, and depression that affect their activities of daily living, and hence reduce the quality of life of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a new technological intervention—a parametric speaker, creating a narrow personal acoustic environment, which may reduce the manifestation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia symptoms. Methods A parametric speaker was placed on the ceiling of a large day room, and personally selected pieces of music were provided in a narrow space just under the speaker during the intervention. Two older residents with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia participated in the experiment. Results Playing pieces of favorite music via the parametric speaker decreased their behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during the intervention. In addition, this intervention reduced the burden on caregivers. One of the advantages of using parametric speaker was being able to create a personal space in a common room. Conclusion We considered that the parametric speaker might be useful to reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the burden on caregivers, providing individualized rehabilitation for the improved quality of life of residents.

scholarly journals Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): An Enigma

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Underlying Causes

Many women in their reproductive years experience cyclical physical, emotional & psychological symptoms in the week prior to menses or during luteal phase of menstrual cycle. PMS affects about 5-8 % of women and most of them meet the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The etiology remains unknown and is complex and multifactorial. The diagnosis of PMS is solely based on signs and symptoms and no specific diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis. Numerous treatment modalities are available but only few are supported by clinical evidence. The article describes the disorder, with brief account of the theories for the underlying causes of PMS. It discusses the array of non pharmacological and pharmacological strategies available with stress on individualized treatment according to symptom profile.

scholarly journals Acupressure and Dementia - A Review of Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Liang Ooi ◽  
Gillian Drew ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Moderate Dementia

Introduction: Dementia is a cognitive decline with patients often exhibit behavioural and psychological symptoms, severely affecting the quality of life and placing a heavy burden on caregivers. Acupressure has reported benefits for dementia. This study aims to critically review the available evidence for its use as a non-pharmacological therapy. Methods: Systematic search of major research databases for human clinical trials using acupressure as an intervention for dementia patients was conducted. Results were synthesised for the effects of acupressure on various outcome measures of interest for dementia.Results: Twelve clinical trials (N=973), including eight randomised control studies, were included in this review. The study sample was predominantly institutionalised residents with moderate to severe dementia. Baihui (GV20), Shenmen (HT7), Fengchi (GB20), Neiguan (PC6), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Yingtang (EX-HN3) were the most used acupoints for intervention. Acupressure techniques employed in these clinical trials vary greatly with no standardised approach. This review finds inconsistent evidence in the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing agitation and behavioural disturbances. However, the treatment appears to improve their ease of care and reduce physical stress. Affixing acupressure devices on selected acupoints can also potentially improve psychiatric pain, anxiety, and depression. Long-term (6 months) treatment can potentially improve the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life of patients with mild to moderate dementia. The effect of acupressure on sleep disturbances remains unclear. Conclusion: More high-quality research on acupressure is needed to fill the gaps in knowledge and inform better care for dementia patients in the future.

scholarly journals Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for premenstrual syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Borji-Navan ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Ali Ahmadian-Khooinarood
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Cycles

Abstract Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem of women of reproductive age, affecting various aspects of their lives. However, limited studies have investigated the effect of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) on PMS. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether ICBT can reduce symptom severity of women with PMS and improve their quality of life during the perimenstrual and late follicular phases of menstrual cycle. Methods The study included 92 university students aged 18–35 years who had moderate to severe PMS. The participants were allocated into two groups of 46 using block randomization. The intervention group underwent ICBT for two menstrual cycles, while the control group received no intervention. Before and after the intervention, all participants filled the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) for two menstrual cycles and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire—Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) on days 1–2 and 11–13 of the menstrual cycle. Data were analyzed using univariate general linear models. Results Four students in the intervention group were lost to follow-up. Following the intervention, the mean score of total PMS symptoms was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (10.4 vs. 20.2, adjusted difference: − 9.9 [95% CI − 13.3 to − 6.6]), and the score of perimenstrual quality of life was significantly higher (64.2 vs. 50.3, 14.1 [8.5 to 19.8]). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in the late follicular quality of life (68.3 vs. 67.3, 1.9 [− 4.4 to 8.1]). Conclusions The ICBT could reduce the symptom severity of women suffering from PMS while improving their perimenstrual quality of life. However, it had no significant effect on the late follicular quality of life. Therefore, this intervention can be used for women with PMS. Trial registration The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, Identifier: IRCT20100414003706N34, Registered prospectively on 19 June 2019, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38394.

scholarly journals The MAKS-s study: multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention for people with severe dementia in inpatient care – study protocol of a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Diehl ◽  
André Kratzer ◽  
Elmar Graessel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Formal Caregivers ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Nursing homes accommodate a large number of people with severe dementia. More than 80% of residents with dementia suffer from behavioural and psychological symptoms, that can have consequences on the perceived burden of the formal caregivers. Internationally, the number of studies on non-pharmacological interventions for people with severe dementia is very small. One way to reduce these symptoms is to meet the needs of people with severe dementia. The non-pharmacological group intervention MAKS-s, which we will investigate in this study, is intended to reduce the behavioural and psychological symptoms and to improve the quality of life of such people. Additionally, we will investigate the effects on the burden carried by formal caregivers. Methods With the present study, we will investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention for people with severe dementia living in nursing homes (primary target group). A power analysis indicated that 144 dementia participants should initially be included. In addition, a secondary target group (nursing home staff) will be examined with respect to their dementia-related stress experiences. The study will be conducted as a cluster randomised controlled trail in Germany with a 6-month intervention phase. The nursing homes in the waitlist control group will provide “care as usual.” The primary endpoints of the study will be the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the quality of life of people with severe dementia. The total duration of the study will be 18 months. Data will be collected by using observer rating scales. Discussion The project has some outstanding quality features. The external validity is high, because it is situated in a naturalistic setting in nursing homes and is being carried out with available nursing employees. Due to this fact, a permanent implementation also seems to be possible. Since the participating nursing homes are disseminated across several German federal states and rural and urban regions, the results should be transferable to the entire population. Trial registration ISRCTN15722923 (Registration date: 07 August 2019).

scholarly journals Sexual Function and Sexual Quality of Life in Premenopausal Women with Controlled Type 1 and 2 Diabetes—Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Ewelina Bąk ◽  
Agnieszka Młynarska ◽  
Danuta Sternal ◽  
Monika Kadłubowska ◽  
Ewa Marcisz-Dyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Sexual Quality Of Life

Sexual dysfunction is more common in women with diabetes than in women without diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine sexual function and the level of the quality of sex life in premenopausal women with controlled, uncomplicated type 1 and type 2 diabetes taking into account the stages of the menstrual cycle and mood level. The study included 163 women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and 115 controls without diabetes. Questionnaire studies were conducted using the following surveys: Demographic and Clinical Data Survey, Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Quality of Life—Female, and Beck Depression Inventory. Both phases of the menstrual cycle—follicular and luteal—were included. It was shown that, in women with type 1 diabetes, sexual function decreased during the luteal phase in comparison with the follicular phase (p < 0.001). In the women with type 2 diabetes and in the controls, sexual function was comparable during both phases of the cycle (p > 0.05). In the women with uncomplicated controlled type 1 diabetes, sexual function and the sexual and relationship satisfaction changed depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle with a decrease during the luteal phase. Sexual function and the quality of the sex life of premenopausal women with controlled type 2 diabetes were comparable during both the follicular and the luteal phases. Sexual function in menstruating women with controlled type 2 diabetes decreased with age and a worsening mood.

scholarly journals Interventions promoting family involvement with care homes following placement of a relative with dementia: A systematic review

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110465
Author(s):  
Janine K Hayward ◽  
Charlotte Gould ◽  
Emma Palluotto ◽  
Emily Kitson ◽  
Emily R Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled

There is a wealth of literature investigating the role of family involvement within care homes following placement of a relative with dementia. This review summarises how family involvement is measured and aims to address two questions: (1) which interventions concerning family involvement have been evaluated? And (2) does family involvement within care homes have a positive effect on a resident’s quality of life and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia? After searching and screening on the three major databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus for papers published between January 2005 and May 2021, 22 papers were included for synthesis and appraisal due to their relevance to family involvement interventions and or family involvement with resident outcomes. Results show that in 11 interventions designed to enhance at least one type of family involvement, most found positive changes in communication and family–staff relationships. Improvement in resident behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia was reported in two randomised controlled trials promoting partnership. Visit frequency was associated with a reduction of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia for residents with moderate dementia. Family involvement was related to positive quality of life benefits for residents. Contrasting results and methodological weaknesses in some studies made definitive conclusions difficult. Few interventions to specifically promote family involvement within care homes following placement of a relative with dementia have been evaluated. Many proposals for further research made over a decade ago by Gaugler (2005) have yet to be extensively pursued. Uncertainty remains about how best to facilitate an optimum level and type of family involvement to ensure significant quality of life and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia benefits for residents with dementia.

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