Is this the end of the beginning for smoking in China? Challenges, context and change

Tobacco use in China is a substantial threat to global health and, after many years of poor implementation of tobacco control, attitudes are changing for the better and substantial actions may be about to follow. This commentary reviews the impact of tobacco and the recent history of tobacco control in China, the context and implications of new encouraging legislation.

Download Full-text

The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Brain Injury ◽

10.1080/02699050902970778 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (7-8) ◽

pp. 639-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lakshmi Srinivasan ◽

Brian Roberts ◽

Tamara Bushnik ◽

Jeffrey Englander ◽

David A. Spain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽

Recent History ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Government Interventions on Tobacco Control in India: A Critical Review

Indian Journal of Human Development ◽

10.1177/0973703019867225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 183-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanchita Mukherjee ◽

U. S. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Critical Review ◽

Tobacco Industry ◽

Government Interventions ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

History Of ◽

Tobacco Taxation

Tobacco use is a serious concern in India since it is one of the largest producers and consumers of tobacco in the world. With growing evidence of health hazards caused by tobacco, Government of India had enacted various tobacco control legislations. This article provides a critical review of such government interventions. It traces tobacco practices and production trends in India, and proceeds further to provide a detailed account of the history of such interventions to understand the effectiveness of such policies, and stresses on the role of tobacco companies to weaken tobacco control policies in India. This article concludes that though tobacco control has taken a long leap forward with the introduction of various legislative steps to prohibit tobacco use across the country, review of these policies shows their inadequacy not only in enforcement but also in issues related to (a) the interference of the tobacco industry, (b) issues with tobacco taxation and (c) the failure of government to rehabilitate people involved with cultivation, production and distribution of tobacco products.

Download Full-text

Intercountry Adoption in Europe 1998–2008: Patterns, Trends and Issues

Adoption & Fostering ◽

10.1177/030857591003400102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 4-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Peter Selman

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

European Parliament ◽

European Countries ◽

Recent History ◽

Intercountry Adoption ◽

The Future ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Peter Selman examines the recent history of intercountry adoption in Europe in the context of the enlarged EU, which contains both receiving and sending countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the movement of children for adoption between European countries and examines the impact of intercountry adoption on the well-being of children in Europe and current debates in the European Parliament on the future of intercountry adoption in Europe.

Download Full-text

Travelling in the wrong direction? A critical commentary on the consultation paper Strengthening Probation, Building Confidence

Probation Journal ◽

10.1177/0264550518809876 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 439-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lol Burke ◽

Steve Collett ◽

John Stafford ◽

Peter Murray

Keyword(s):

Local Communities ◽

Recent History ◽

Consultation Process ◽

Critical Commentary ◽

Wrong Direction ◽

Local Services ◽

History Of ◽

Probation Service ◽

The Impact ◽

Consultation Paper

The Ministry of Justice’s Consultation Paper – Strengthening Probation, Building Confidence – launched by Justice Secretary David Gauke in July 2018, represents a revisionist view of the recent history of the probation service in which many of its assertions are incoherent, disingenuous and disconnected from the lived realities of both those who offend and local communities having to deal with the impact of austerity on local services. In addition, the consultation process itself is disingenuous in that it presents the failure of the Transforming Rehabilitation initiative as one of technical oversights and misjudgements that can be put right through a series of relatively minor adjustments. Answers to the 17 consultation questions, however insightful and helpful they may be, will do nothing to deal with the underlying difficulties of Transforming Rehabilitation.

Download Full-text

Gender, women, and the future of tobacco control

Drugs and Alcohol Today ◽

10.1108/dat-02-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 249-262

Author(s):

Alexandra Solomon

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Policy Research ◽

Control Policy ◽

Well Being ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Structural Barriers ◽

Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to provide a gendered analysis of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) benchmarked upon the global commitments to women’s health and well-being in the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. It reviews evidence of the global consequences of neglecting women’s tobacco use and health, as well as analyzes persistent issues related to sex and gender that compromise the efficacy of tobacco control and science. Actionable recommendations are made to the Conference of the Parties to the FCTC and other key stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon empirical studies, literature reviews and global health data at the varying intersections of gender, sex, tobacco and global health. Findings The global tobacco control framework and its implementation by state governments have been largely gender blind to date with dire health and economic consequences, including inequitable positive outcomes for men compared to women, and an increase in women’s smoking with associated morbidity and mortality. Gender equitable progress in combatting the tobacco epidemic will not be possible without resolving the gender bias, stigmatization, sexism and lack of intersectionality that plague tobacco control policy, research and interventions for cessation and harm reduction. Originality/value This paper provides an updated global overview of current trends in women’s tobacco use and comprehensively details the persistent structural barriers in tobacco control and science that limit their capacity to effectively analyze and address tobacco use and its impact on women.

Download Full-text

Global Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging: Evidence from the Canadian Experiment

Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.2202/1538-0653.1304 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nikolay Gospodinov ◽

Ian J. Irvine

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

World Health ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Micro Data ◽

World Health Assembly ◽

The World ◽

Tobacco Packaging

Abstract New health warnings on tobacco packaging in Canada became mandatory in January 2001. As of that time producers were required to print large-font warning text and graphic images describing the health consequences of using tobacco. This study uses micro data from two waves of Health Canada's Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Surveys bordering the legislation to investigate if the introduction of the warnings had any significant impacts on smokers. The recently drafted Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, under the sponsorship of the World Health Assembly, assigns a central role for this type of message. Our findings indicate that the warnings have not had a discernible impact on smoking prevalence. The evidence of their impact on quantity smoked is positive, though only at a relatively low level of confidence.

Download Full-text

Impact of a Bladder Cancer Diagnosis on Smoking Behavior

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.36.6518 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15) ◽

pp. 1871-1878 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Jeffrey C. Bassett ◽

John L. Gore ◽

Amanda C. Chi ◽

Lorna Kwan ◽

William McCarthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

General Population ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Simple Random Sample ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Purpose Bladder cancer is the second most common tobacco-related malignancy. A new bladder cancer diagnosis may be an opportunity to imprint smoking cessation. Little is known about the impact of a diagnosis of bladder cancer on patterns of tobacco use and smoking cessation among patients with incident bladder cancer. Patients and Methods A simple random sample of noninvasive bladder cancer survivors diagnosed in 2006 was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Respondents completed a survey on history of tobacco use, beliefs regarding bladder cancer risk factors, and physician influence on tobacco cessation. Respondents were compared by smoking status. Those respondents smoking at diagnosis were compared with general population controls obtained from the California Tobacco Survey to determine the impact of a diagnosis of bladder cancer on patterns of tobacco use. Results The response rate was 70% (344 of 492 eligible participants). Most respondents (74%) had a history of cigarette use. Seventeen percent of all respondents were smoking at diagnosis. Smokers with a new diagnosis of bladder cancer were almost five times as likely to quit smoking as smokers in the general population (48% v 10%, respectively; P < .001). The bladder cancer diagnosis and the advice of the urologist were the reasons cited most often for cessation. Respondents were more likely to endorse smoking as a risk factor for bladder cancer when the urologist was the source of their understanding. Conclusion The diagnosis of bladder cancer is an opportunity for smoking cessation. Urologists can play an integral role in affecting the patterns of tobacco use of those newly diagnosed.

Download Full-text

From Republic to Empire: Reflections on the Early Provincial Architecture of the Roman West

The Journal of Roman Studies ◽

10.1017/s0075435800043215 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

J. B. Ward-Perkins

Keyword(s):

Recent History ◽

Archaeological Record ◽

The West ◽

Roman Britain ◽

Archaeological Evidence ◽

Imperial Rome ◽

History Of ◽

The Republic ◽

Military Control ◽

The Impact

Nobody who has worked in the field of late Republican and early Imperial Rome can fail to be aware how remarkably little archaeological evidence we have of any specifically Roman presence in the provinces of which Rome was in political and military control during the last century of the Republic. In the east, where she was faced with a civilization older and richer than her own, this is intelligible enough. But for the student of the spread of Roman institutions and ideas in the west the gap is embarrassing. In Roman Britain we have no difficulty whatever in identifying the Gallic precedents for the settlement that followed the Roman conquest. But what lay behind the Caesarian and Augustan settlement in Gaul itself? In terms of the recent history of the area it would be reasonable to expect that in the south, at any rate, it should have been rooted in local Republican Roman practice; and yet there is remarkably little evidence of any such roots in the surviving remains. Much the same is true of Spain and Africa. Why is this? Is it that the impact of the early Imperial settlement was so strong that it swept away all trace of what had gone before? Or is it simply that the Republican Roman presence in these territories was not of a character to leave any substantial mark on the archaeological record?

Download Full-text

Realtors as Partners in Tobacco Control: Results from a Pennsylvania Survey

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.6.6.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 392-404

Author(s):

Ann C. Klassen ◽

Nora Lee ◽

Jessica P. Lopez ◽

Chloe Bernardin ◽

Ryan Coffman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Mandatory Disclosure ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Home Sales ◽

On Line ◽

The Impact

Objectives: Despite success of clean indoor air efforts, home smoking exposes residents to secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS). Home sales offer sellers opportunity to establish smoke-free homes, to improve salability, and promote both exposure reduction and cessation. We explored realtor experiences with smoking-permitted home sales, views on SHS and THS, and attitudes towards mandatory disclosure of in-home smoking in sales. Methods: In 2019, 329 realtors in four Philadelphia-area counties completed on-line surveys capturing both closed-ended and open text responses, regarding the impact of smoking on sales. Results: Virtually all (96%) of respondents reported greater difficulty selling smoking-permitted homes, and buyers with young children or health concerns least likely to consider such properties. Although 65% saw client concerns as primarily aesthetic, 30% felt health concerns played a role. Only 20% saw mandatory disclosure of tobacco use history as negative, with 27% viewing this as positive, and 53% predicting mixed impact. Conclusions: In-home smoking negatively impacts realtors. Tobacco control should consider disclosure as one policy strategy. Advocates and realtors should help sellers establish smoke-free properties and address tobacco-related residue, with long-term goals of maintaining smoke-free homes to support cessation.

Download Full-text