scholarly journals Constituents of Erythrina lysistemon: Their Brine Shrimp Lethality, Antimicrobial and Radical Scavenging Activities

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard F. Juma ◽  
Runner R. T. Majinda
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dienoic Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Brine Shrimps ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
New Compounds

Three new compounds, 4′,7-dihydroxy-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano [5″,6″: 5,6]-isoflavone (1), (7 E) (8,2′)-3,7,9,5′,9′-pentahydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxyneolign-7-ene (2) and (9 E,11 Z) 14-hydroxyoctadecan-9,11-dienoic acid (3), along with other known flavonoids, benzenoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were isolated from the twigs, leaves, stem bark, stem wood and flowers of Erythrina lysistemon. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Some of these compounds have shown high lethality against brine shrimps ( Artemia salina), moderate radical scavenging ability in the DPPH assay, moderate antifungal activity against Candida mycoderma, moderate activity against the Gram-positive ( Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli).

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

scholarly journals Antimycobacterial Activity of the Extract and Isolated Compounds From the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110358
Author(s):  
Benson Oloya ◽  
Jane Namukobe ◽  
Matthias Heydenreich ◽  
Willy Ssengooba ◽  
Bernd Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr. (Rutaceae) stem bark is used locally in Uganda for treating tuberculosis (TB) and cough-related infections. Lupeol (1), sesamin (2), trans-fagaramide (3), arnottianamide (4), ( S)-marmesinin (5), and hesperidin (6) were isolated from the chloroform/methanol (1:1) extract of Z. leprieurii stem bark. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the extract and isolated compounds were subjected to antimycobacterial activity. The extract exhibited moderate activity against the susceptible (H37Rv) TB strain, but weak activity against the multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB strain with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 586.0 and 1172.0 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 3 (trans-fagaramide) showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the susceptible (H37Rv) TB strain (MIC 6 μg/mL), but moderate activity against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 12.2 μg/mL). Compounds 2, 5, 6, and 1 showed moderate activities against the susceptible (H37Rv) strain (MIC 12.2-98.0 μg/mL) and moderate to weak activities against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 24.4-195.0 μg/mL). This study reports for the first time the isolation of compounds 1 to 6 from the stem bark of Z leprieurii. trans-Fagaramide (3) may present a vital template in pursuit of novel and highly effective TB drugs.

scholarly journals Free radical scavenging ability of Ximenia americana L. stem bark and leaf extracts

2016 ◽  
pp. 091-096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdil ocirc,a ◽  
Cleyton Sousa ◽  
Adonias Carvalho ◽  
Ant Sant'Ana ◽  
Mariana Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Flavonols from Calotropis procera

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
Mona A. Mohamed ◽  
Manal M. Hamed ◽  
Wafaa S. Ahmed ◽  
Allia M. Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Brine Shrimps ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
C Nmr

3Phytochemical investigations of Calotropis procera leaves have led to the isolation of two new compounds: quercetagetin-6-methyl ether 3-O-β-D-4C1-galacturonopyranoside () and (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-2-O-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside)-methyl propenoate (4), along with eleven known metabolites: nine flavonol and two cinnamic acid derivatives. All metabolites were isolated for the first time from the genus Calotropis, except for 1 isolated previously from Calotropis gigantea. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods (UV, ESI-MS, 1H, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC). The radical scavenging activity of the aqueous methanol extract and compounds 8 - 13 was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Cytotoxic screening of the same compounds was carried out on brine shrimps as well

scholarly journals Chemical and Antioxidant Studies of Citrus macroptera

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia A Chowdhury ◽  
M Hossain Sohrab ◽  
Bidyut K Datta ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

Lupeol (1) and Stigmasterol (2) were isolated from the crude extracts of the stem bark of Citrus macroptera (Family: Rutaceae) for the first time. The n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts were screened in vitro for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The hot methanol extract showed potential antioxidant activity (IC50: 178.96 μg/ml) whereas the cold methanol and dichloromethane extracts showed moderate activity (IC50: 242.78 μg/ml and 255.78 μg/ml respectively). Mild antioxidant activity was observed with the n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Citrus macroptera (IC50: 422.94 μg/ml). Key words: Citrus macroptera, Rutaceae, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, Antioxidant.   doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2235 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 449-454, 2008

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill bark

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo ◽  
Adebola Busola Ojo ◽  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

AbstractBackground:Irvingia gabonensisstem bark is a medicinal plant used in most parts of Africa to manage a number of ailments including neurodegenerative diseases that occur without scientific basis. This work characterized the phenolic composition, evaluated the cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) inhibition, and assessed the antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts fromI. gabonensis(Aubry-Lecomte ex O‘Rorke) Baill bark.Methods:Total phenol and flavonoids content was evaluated in addition to antioxidant activity as shown by Fe2+chelation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability. Inhibitory activities on AChE and BChE were evaluated.Results:The extract was found to be rich in phenolic acid (ellagic acid) and flavonoids (quercetrin, kaempferol, and apigenin). The phenolic extracts displayed DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50=19.98 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging ability (IC50=18.25 μg/mL), iron chelation (IC50=113.10 μg/mL), and reducing power (Fe3+to Fe2+) (5.94 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g). Extracts ofI. gabonensisinhibited AChE (IC50=32.90 μg/mL) and BChE (IC50=41.50 μg/mL) activities in concentration-dependent manner.Conclusions:Hence, possible mechanism through which the stem bark executes their anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity might be by inhibiting cholinesterase activities in addition to suppressing oxidative-stress-induced neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activity of Arylspiroborate Salts Derived from Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. G. Hébert ◽  
Andrew J. Flewelling ◽  
Trevor N. Clark ◽  
Natalie A. Levesque ◽  
Jacques Jean-François ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Two novel boron compounds containing caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) derivatives have been prepared and characterized fully. These new compounds and CAPE have been investigated for potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and whether chelation to boron improves their biological activity. Sodium salt 4 was generally more active than ammonium salt 5 in the biological assays and surpassed the radical scavenging ability of CAPE. Compounds 4 and 5 were more active than CAPE and Zileuton in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These results clearly show the effectiveness of the synthesized salts as transporter of CAPE.

scholarly journals Screening of Derris indica Bennet. for cytotoxicity against Artemia salina and phytotoxicity on mustard seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Omar Ali Mondal ◽  
KAMSH Mondal ◽  
Nurul Islam ◽  
Ataur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Derris Indica ◽  
Mustard Seeds

Chloroform extracts of the fruit shell, leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark and stem wood of Derris indica Bennet. were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii. All the test extracts of D. indica were found to be effective. The LC50 values of the extracts were 15312.37, 92.074 and 29.661 ppm for the fruit shell; 60922.83, 61.522 and 23.777 ppm for the leaf; 15312.37, 51.477 and 19.169  ppm for the root bark; 2598.584, 30.480 and 8.260 ppm for the root wood; 545.025,26.730 and  7.719 ppm  for the seed; 60922.83, 114.549 and 29.572 ppm for the stem bark and  7734.618, 58.501 and 23.694 ppm for the stem wood at 30 minute, 24 hours and 48 hours post exposures  respectively at  doses 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.563 ppm against A. salina . The toxicity of the extracts could be arranged in the order: seed > root wood > root bark> stem wood > leaf > fruit shell > stem bark extract. However, the extracts did not significantly inhibit the germination of mustard oil seeds, and thus its application to crops or to the crop field may not cause any harm to crop plants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15402Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 59-64  

scholarly journals Screening of Glycosmis pentaphylla for Cytotoxic and Repellent Potentials agains Artemia salina Nauplii and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Adults

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Pramanik ◽  
MY Akter ◽  
AE Ekram ◽  
H Islam ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Wood Extract

Chloroform extracts of the leaf, stem bark, stem wood and roots of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii for cytotoxic activity in which the dose-mortality assay revealed LC50 values of 28.579, 28.659, 57.213 and 84.111 ppm respectively, for the plant parts efficacy of which could be arranged in the order of leaf > stem bark > stem wood > root. The same extracts were tested for repellency against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults where the root bark and root wood were separately extracted and used. The F values of the arcsin transformed data were 60.983, 14.177, 19.437, 15.429 and 1.082 respectively for the leaf, stem bark, stem wood, root bark and root wood extracts. Except for the root wood extract, strong repellent activity was observed for the rest of the extracts (P<0.001). Key words: Artemia salina; Tribolium castaneum; Glycosmis pentaphylla; cytotoxic activity; repellent activity. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v3i0.7443 J. Life Earth Sci., Vols. 3-4: 33-36, 2009

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