The Standardized Wood Extract of Albizia myriophylla: Its Potential as an Active Ingredient in an Anti-inflammatory Herbal Gel Formulation

Albizia myriophylla has been used in Thai folk medicine for treating inflammation-related diseases. The wood of this medicinal plant is traditionally used as a single herbal drug in the form of an aqueous decoction and as a component in several Thai herbal formulations for the remedy of fever, sore throat, and aphthous ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanism of action of the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla as well as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and physicochemical properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla. Results of quantitative HPLC analysis demonstrated that the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla contained 22.95 mg/g of 8-methoxy-7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone, a bioactive marker compound of A. myriophylla. The standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/v) exhibited remarkable inhibition (54.4 – 80.3%) in the croton oil model of topical inflammation at all assessment times, comparable to standard indomethacin (55.3 – 63.6%). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla, and the result showed that this standardized extract decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The developed herbal gel containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/w) had good physicochemical characteristics and exhibited potent inhibition (51.4 – 77.8%) of inflammation in a rat ear edema model at all assessment times, comparable to indomethacin gel (33.3 – 40.5%). The notable anti-inflammatory activity of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla and its developed herbal gel formulation indicates their potential application as natural anti-inflammatory agents.

The oxidation of WC-Co knives in wood extract

The oxidation of WC-Co knives in wood extract. The virgin WC-Co knives for wood machining and those implanted with Mg, Cr, Zn and Ni were corroded in pH 4 wood extract. A change of oxygen content throughout the experiment was determined using EDS method. The obtained results suggest a passivation of the corroded WC-Co material implanted with selected elements.

Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic activity of Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Wood extract on Diabetic Rat

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome due to disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to decreased insulin secretion or reduced insulin sensitivity. The number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing every year. However, diabetes mellitus is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, and amputation due to gangrene. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a possibility of 2-3 times higher cardiovascular disease than non diabetic. Sappan wood containing brazilin that have antioxidant activity and had a potential activity to lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective of this research was to determine the activity of secang wood extract as an antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic on diabetic rat. Diabetic rat induced by alloxan and given extract once daily for 14 days. At 15th day, blood glucose level, lipid profile was determine, pancreas was harvested and processed to hystopathological examination. Secang wood extract decreased blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL level, increase HDL level, and repair the histology of pancreas on diabetic rat after 14 days treatment. Based on the result, secang wood extract had antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity on diabetic rat.

Biocontrol Potential of Grapevine Endophytic and Rhizospheric Fungi Against Trunk Pathogens

Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are a major challenge to the grape industry worldwide. GTDs are responsible for considerable loss of quality, production, and vineyard longevity. Seventy-five percent of Chilean vineyards are estimated to be affected by GTDs. GTDs are complex diseases caused by several fungi species, including members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, considered some of the most important causal agents for these diseases in Chile. In this study, we isolated 169 endophytic and 209 rhizospheric fungi from grapevines grown under organic and conventional farming in Chile. Multiple isolates of Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Clonostachys rosea, Epicoccum nigrum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma sp. were evaluated for their potential of biocontrol activity against Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Pa. chlamydospora. Tests of antagonism were carried out using two dual-culture-plate methods with multiple media types, including agar containing grapevine wood extract to simulate in planta nutrient conditions. Significant pathogen growth inhibition was observed by all isolates tested. Clonostachys rosea showed 98.2% inhibition of all pathogens in the presence of grapevine wood extract. We observed 100% pathogen growth inhibition when autoclaved lignified grapevine shoots were pre-inoculated with either C. rosea strains or Trichoderma sp. Overall, these results show that C. rosea strains isolated from grapevines are promising biocontrol agents against GTDs.

EFEK PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DAN MINYAK IKAN LEMURU DALAM RANSUM PAKAN TERHADAP HEN DAY PRODUCTION, KONVERSI PAKAN, DAN MORTALITAS PUYUH PETELUR

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving levels of secang wood extract and lemuru fish oil on the appearance of laying quails which included feed consumption, Hen Day Production (HDP), feed conversion of quail egg mortality. This study used Autumn strain quail with a population of 168 individuals with basal feed supplemented with several levels of secang wood extract. This research method is an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 4 treatments with 6 replications with each repetition consisting of 7 quails aged 10-15 weeks. The treatment was as follows: P0 = basal feed without the addition of secang wood extract P1 = basal feed + 0.2% EKS + 4% MIL, P2 = basal feed + 0.4% EKS + 4% MIL, P3 = basal feed + 0 , 6% EX + 4% MIL. The addition of a combination of secang wood extract and fish oil was carried out according to the level of quail feeding. The variable being measured; feed consumption, Hen Day Production (HDP), Feed conversion, mortality. Addition of secang wood extract with a level of 0%; 0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6%, and 4% lemuru fish oil had no significant effect on feed consumption, hen day production, feed conversion, mortality, this was due to flavonoids, polyphenols and active compounds in oil. lemuru fish does not affect the appearance of quail egg production. Flavonoid compounds in low concentrations have no effect on chicken feed consumption, because the content of flavonoid compounds can still be tolerated by the chicken body. The use of lemuru fish oil with a concentration of up to 6% in quails does not affect the consumption of quail feed, because the addition of lemuru fish oil does not affect the palatability of quail feed. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of secang wood extract. The addition of secang wood extract and lemuru fish oil did not affect hen day production, feed conversion and mortality of laying quails

ANALISIS VARIASI TEMPERATUR PRA MORDAN PEWARNA KAYU SECANG DAN DAUN JATI SERTA PENERAPAN HEDONIC TEST PADA KUALITAS SERAT KENAF INDUSTRI FASHION

This study aims to determine the effect of pre-mordant material on kenaf fiber coloring using secang wood and teak leaves, to determine the Henodic Test method in classifying its quality, as well as to determine the significant effect on the color of kenaf fiber, and to determine the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber. natural dyes. The research method used was an experiment with a variety of pre-mordant materials (alum, lime, vinegar). From the test, it was found that the color direction of the kenaf fiber was reddish purple to light brown, so the average value of fastness to washing was 4 (good). From this activity, it was concluded that the addition of secang wood and teak leaves as pre- mordant materials coupled with the effect of pH on the staining of kenaf fibers with secang wood extract provided variations in the direction of color and the value of color fastness to washing. Kenaf fiber is an environmentally friendly alternative to textile raw materials. This study used the Hedonic Test method with the Kruskal Wallis test. The results of this study were that there was no significant effect on the combination of compost application and pesticide application with natural dyes of secang wood and teak leaves on the color of kenaf fibers and there was no effect on the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber with natural dyes.