scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Study on the Anthocyanin Chemotypes of Perilla frutescens var. crispa

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Yamazaki ◽  
Kazuki Saito
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

The chemotypes found in various plant species are the good subjects for the studies to understand the regulatory mechanism in secondary metabolism. The biochemistry and molecular biology of flavonoid biosynthesis was studied using chemotypes of Perilla frutescens var. crispa differing anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of the most of structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis was coordinately regulated in chemotype-specific manner and by light. However, the genes for shared enzymes between anthocyanin and flavone pathway were expressed both chemotypes. Biochemical characteristics of enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were investigated in this plant. Furthermore, the candidates of regulatory factors, members of MYB-bHLH-WD complex, of anthocyanin production were characterized in this plant.

Integrative Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis During Fruit Maturation In Chinese Raspberry “Rubus Chingii Hu”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jingyong Jiang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Aaron Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Rubus Chingii ◽  
Rubus Chingii Hu ◽  
Anthocyanin Production ◽  
Low Expression

Abstract Rubus chingii, is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to China, which is a popular and nutritious fruit in China. However, change in flavonoid composition and content during fruit maturation is poorly understood. This study examined flavonoids and the genes/proteins during four fruit ripening phases using LC-MS/MS. As a result, six major kinds of anthocyanins were first identified in R. chingii, which primarily consisted of flavanol-anthocyanins, are new to Rubus. Apart from anthocyanins, concentrations of fruit flavonoids were much higher than most berries including raspberries, and it is this that contributes to their high phenolic concentrations and antioxidant capabilities. In contrast to other known raspberries, R. chingii had a decline in flavonoids during fruit maturation, which was due to down-regulation of genes/proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Surprisingly, anthocyanin continuously decreased during fruit coloration. This suggests that anthocyanins are not responsible for the fruit’s reddish coloration. The biosynthesis of these flavanol-anthocyanins consumed two flavonoid units both produced through the same upstream pathway. Their presence indicates a reduction in the potential biosynthesis of anthocyanin production. Also, the constantly low expression of RcANS gene down-regulated overall anthocyanin biosynthesis. The lack of RcF3’5’H gene/protein hindered the production of delphinidin glycosides. Flavonoids primarily comprising of quercetin/kaempferol-glycosides were predominately located at fruit epidermal-hair and placentae. The profile and biosynthesis of R. chingii flavonoids are unique to Rubus. It could be used to broaden the genetic base of raspberry cultivars and to improve their fruit quality.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

Abstract The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis During Fruit Maturation in Rubus chingii Hu

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Li ◽  
Jingyong Jiang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Aaron Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Rubus Chingii ◽  
Rubus Chingii Hu ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

Rubus chingii HU, is a medicinal and nutritious fruit, which is very rich in flavonoids. However, the biosynthesis of its flavonoids is poorly understood. This study examined flavonoids and the genes/proteins at four fruit ripening phases using LC-MS/MS and qPCR. Six major kinds of anthocyanins, primarily consisted of flavanol-anthocyanins, which differed in form or concentration from other Rubus species. In contrast to other known raspberries species, R. chingii had a decline in flavonoids during fruit ripening, which was due to down-regulation of genes and proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Unexpectedly, anthocyanin also continuously decreased during fruit maturation. This suggests that anthocyanins are not responsible for the fruit’s reddish coloration. Flavanol-anthocyanins were derived from the proanthocyanidin pathway, which consumed two flavonoid units both produced through the same upstream pathway. Their presence indicates a reduction in the potential biosynthesis of anthocyanin production. Also, the constantly low expression of RchANS gene resulted in low levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The lack of RchF3′5′H gene/protein hindered the production of delphinidin glycosides. Flavonoids primarily comprising of quercetin/kaempferol-glycosides were predominately located at fruit epidermal-hair and placentae. The proportion of receptacle/drupelets changes with the maturity of the fruit and may be related to a decrease in the content of flavonoids per unit mass as the fruit matures. The profile and biosynthesis of R. chingii flavonoids are unique to Rubus. The unique flavonol pathways of R. chingii could be used to broaden the genetic diversity of raspberry cultivars and to improve their fruit quality.

scholarly journals Combined transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of Acer mandshuricum to reveal candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

AbstractThe red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Apple Calli With a Focus on the Key Genes for ALA-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Longbo Liu ◽  
Huihui Tao ◽  
Yuyan An ◽  
Liangju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
R2r3 Myb

The red color is an attractive trait of fruit and determines its market acceptance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an eco-friendly plant growth regulator, has played a universal role in plant secondary metabolism regulation, particularly in flavonoid biosynthesis. It has been widely reported that ALA can up-regulate expression levels of several structural genes related to flavonoid metabolism and anthocyanin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms behind ALA-induced expression of these genes are complicated and still far from being completely understood. In this study, transcriptome analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941) pathway was significantly enhanced in the ALA-treated apple calli at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment. Expression pattern revealed that ALA up-regulated the expression of the structural genes related to not only anthocyanin biosynthesis (MdCHS, MdCHI, MdF3’H, MdDFR, MdANS, and MdUFGT) but also anthocyanin transport (MdGST and MdMATE). Two R2R3-MYB transcription factors (MdMYB10 and MdMYB9), which are the known positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, were significantly induced by ALA. Gene overexpression and RNA interference assays demonstrated that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 were involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 might positively regulate the transcription of MdMATE8 by binding to the promoter region. These results indicate that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 modulated structural gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in response to ALA-mediated apple calli coloration at the transcript level. We herein provide new details regarding transcriptional regulation of ALA-induced color development.

Challenges in the differential diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 with isolated family hyperparathyroidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
J. A. Krupinova ◽  
N. G. Mokrysheva ◽  
N. Y. Kalinchenko ◽  
A. K. Eremkina ◽  
A. N. Polyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Men 1 ◽  
Endocrine Neoplasia

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is the most common cause of the hereditary type of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). If a family type of PHPT is suspected, a dynamic monitoring of patients and their close relatives should be carried out throughout their lives. We present a clinical case of a family in which four members of a pedigree were diagnosed with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP). The diagnosis was changed to MEN-1, because it appeared that one of the patients had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Molecular genetic study of MEN1 by direct by means of Sanger sequencing revealed that six family members had a new heterozygous mutation in exon 9: s. 1252 G> T p. D418Y.

Kinetin-Mediated Stimulation of Accumulation of Buckwheat Flavonoids in the Dark

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Margna ◽  
T. Vainjärv
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fold Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

A short treatment of excised buckwheat cotyledons with a solution of kinetin lead to an up to 9-fold stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to an about 50 percent increase in the accumula­tion of rutin, and to an about 30 percent increase, on the average, in the accumulation of C-glycosylflavones in the treated material during its posttreatment incubation in the dark. When the treated cotyledons were incubated in a solution of ʟ--phenylalanine anthocyanin accumulation in the dark practically attained the same high level as it was observed in the illuminated cotyledons fed with exogenous ʟ--phenylalanine. In experiments with l4C-labelled L-phenylalanine kinetin induced a sharp rise in the labelling (resp. in the utilization of exogenous substrate for biosynthesis) of anthocyanins and rutin in the dark and a slight increase in the radioactivity of C-glycosylflavones. Similar labelling changes occurred in the illuminated cotyledons. However, both kinetin and light still more effectively promoted biosynthetic use of the endogenous sub­strate. As a result the relative portion of flavonoids formed from exogenous L-phenylalanine under these conditions showed a decrease as compared with the ratio of precursor use in the un­treated cotyledons. The results show that low accumulation rates of anthocyanins and other flavo­noids in the dark are conditioned by the limited access of substrate (ʟ--phenylalanine) molecules to the flavonoid enzymes lending further support to the idea that flavonoid biosynthesis is normally controlled at the substrate rather than at the enzymic level.

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