scholarly journals TLC-Bioautographic Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-cholinesterase Potentials of Sandalwood Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswapriya B. Misra ◽  
Satyahari Dey
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Sandalwood Oil ◽  
Colorimetric Assays ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Positive Controls

Sandalwood oil, rich in sesquiterpenoid alcohols, has been used in traditional medicinal systems as a relaxant and coolant. Besides, sandalwood oil is used as an ingredient in numerous skin fairness enhancing cosmetics. However, there is no available information on biological activities that relate to the above applications. Hence, the anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase potentials of sandalwood oil were probed by both TLC-bioautographic and colorimetric methods. Results obtained from colorimetric assays indicated that sandalwood oil is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=171 μg mL−1) and cholinesterases (IC50=4.8-58 μg mL−1), in comparison with the positive controls used in the assays, kojic acid and physostigmine, respectively. The TLC-bioautographic assays indicated that α-santalol, the major constituent of the oil, is a strong inhibitor of both tyrosinase and cholinesterase. These in vitro results indicate that there is a great potential of this essential oil for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as well as in skin-care.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury ◽  
Hesham I. El-Askary ◽  
Zeinab A. Kandil ◽  
Mohamed A. Salem ◽  
Amany A. Sleem
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Summer Sample

Hydrodistilled oils of the fresh aerial parts of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. cultivated in Egypt were prepared from samples collected along the four seasons. The percentage yields of these essential oils were 0.50%, 0.52%, 0.60%, and 0.47% of the dry weight for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples. GC/MS analyses of all samples revealed a qualitative and quantitative variability in the oil composition. The total number of compounds identified was 46 among which 15 were common in all samples. The oxygenated compounds constituted about 45%, 46%, 63%, and 44% of the total composition of the oils for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples, respectively. Carvone was the major constituent in spring, summer, and autumn samples (about 31%, 56%, and 35%, respectively), while limonene (ca. 26%) was the major constituent of the winter sample followed by carvone (ca. 25%). The essential oil of the highest yield (full-fl owering summer sample), with the highest oxygenated constituents and carvone contents, was screened for certain biological activities. It exhibited analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities (75% and 82% relative to indomethacin). It also showed a potent in vivo antioxidant activity (96% relative to vitamin E). In addition, it exerted moderate cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and in vitro antioxidant activities. Moreover, the oil had a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 4 μg/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC = 5.2 μg/ml), and Aspergillus niger (MIC = 6.8 μg/ml).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antimalarial and Cytoxicity Activities of Constituents of a Bhutanese Variety of Ajania nubigena

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phurpa Wangchuk ◽  
Paul A. Keller ◽  
Stephen G. Pyne ◽  
John Korth ◽  
Samten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

An investigation of the essential oil (EO) and the crude MeOH extract of a Bhutanese variety of Ajania nubigena using GC/GC-MS and NMR found the following: a) one kg of the dried plant material contained 0.7% w/w EO; b) 44 of the 53 GC-FID peaks of the EO were identified with (3 R,6 R)-linalool oxide acetate (75.8 %) as the major constituent (chemotype II) and chamazulene as a new sub-chemotype; c) purification of the EO furnished ( 3R, 6R)-linalool oxide acetate (1), chamazulene (2), ( E)-2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]non-3-ene (3), and ( Z)-2-(2,4-hexadinylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]non-3-ene (4); d) from the crude MeOH extract, four flavonoid compounds: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (5), oxyanin B (6), luteolin (7) (major) and the luteolin-7- O-β-D-glucoside (8) were isolated; e) among the EO and pure compounds tested for biological activities, compound 7 exhibited a broad range of moderate antiplasmodial, cytoxicity and antimicrobial activities; c) compound 8 showed significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum strains TM4/8.2 and K1CB1 (multidrug resistant strain) and was identified as a potential antimalarial scaffold; and f) the in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities were in alignment with the traditional medical uses of this plant and thus substantiate its use in Bhutanese traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Medicinal Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Selected Helichrysum Species from South Africa: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Kolajo Adedamola Akinyede ◽  
Christopher Nelson Cupido ◽  
Gail Denise Hughes ◽  
Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju ◽  
Okobi Eko Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
The Many ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Anti Fungal

The genus Helichrysum Mill comprises hundreds of species that are mostly flowering perennial shrubs. Some of these plants that belong to the Helichrysum species are used in traditional medicine to treat cough, back pain, diabetes, asthma, digestive problems, menstrual pain, chest pain, kidney disorders, skin disorders, wounds, open sores, among other conditions, but, only a few scientific studies are reported in the literature with sufficient information that validates the acclaimed folkloric benefits of these plants. This review, therefore, provides a comprehensive update of the available information on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities of selected Helichrysum species of interest: H. petiolare, H. cymocum, H. foetidum, and H. pandurifolium Schrank, using scientific databases as well as electronic and print sources. The ethnobotanical and morphological characteristics as well as the phytochemical composition and biological activities of these plants are elucidated. The scientific rationale for their current use is discussed based on the evidence in the literature. This review highlights the putative use of the Helichrysum species as a reliable source of bioactive compounds for the production of standard commercial drugs to treat many ailments, including those reported in folkloric uses. Further research on the many plants in the genus Helichrysum is recommended to explore their economic importance both as edible crops and medicinal botanicals.

scholarly journals Combined In Vitro Studies and in Silico Target Fishing for the Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rocha ◽  
Priscilla Campana ◽  
Denise Scoaris ◽  
Vera Almeida ◽  
Julio Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Podophyllum Hexandrum ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Leaves And Roots

This paper reports the in silico prediction of biological activities of lignans from Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum combined with an in vitro bioassays. The extracts from the leaves, roots and rhizomes of both species were evaluated for their antibacterial, anticholinesterasic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A group of 27 lignans was selected for biological activities prediction using the Active-IT system with 1987 ligand-based bioactivity models. The in silico approach was properly validated and several ethnopharmacological uses and known biological activities were confirmed, whilst others should be investigated for new drugs with potential clinical use. The extracts from roots of D. cymosa and from rhizomes and roots of P. hexandrum were very effective against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. D. cymosa leaves and roots showed anticholinesterasic and antioxidant activities, respectively. The evaluated extracts showed to be moderately toxic to THP-1 cells. The chromatographic characterization indicated that podophyllotoxin was the major constituent of P. hexandrum extract while kaempferol and its hexoside were the main constituents of D. cymosa leaves and roots, respectively. These results suggest that the podophyllotoxin could be the major antibacterial lignan, while flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant activity.

In vitro schistosomicidal activity of Usnea steineri extract and its major constituent (+)-usnic acid against Schistosoma mansoni

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
AIO Salloum ◽  
R Lucarini ◽  
MG Tozatti ◽  
J Medeiros ◽  
MLA Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Major Constituent

A Thiazole Compound with Potential Antithrombotic Activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
E E Nishizawa ◽  
A R Mendoza ◽  
T Honohan ◽  
K A Annis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Antithrombotic Agent ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Thiazole Derivative ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Activity ◽  
Drug Development Program

SummaryA thiazole derivative, 4,5-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-thiazole was found to be a potent inhibitor of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, in vitro, using platelets from at least six species, including man. It was active in human platelet-rich plasma at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. While its antiplatelet activity was greater than that of flurbiprofen, its cyclooxygenase activity was equivalent to that of flurbiprofen. Also, compared to flurbiprofen, the thiazole had less anti-inflammatory activity in the hind-paw edema test. The thiazole derivative inhibited platelet aggregation following oral administration in five laboratory species. In the guinea pig it was active at 0.5 mg/kg. The LD50 in mice was greater than 1000 mg/kg (i.p.). This compound, which was designed through a systematic drug development program, may have high potential as an antithrombotic agent.

Tridegin, a Novel Peptidic Inhibitor of Factor XIIIa from the Leech, Haementeria ghilianii, Enhances Fibrinolysis In Vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0959-0963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Seale ◽  
Sarah Finney ◽  
Roy T Sawyer ◽  
Robert B Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Small Polypeptide ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Protein Cross Linking

SummaryTridegin is a potent inhibitor of factor Xllla from the leech, Haementeria ghilianii, which inhibits protein cross-linking. It modifies plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation as shown by the absence of D-dimer and approximately halves the time for fibrinolysis. Plasma clots formed in the presence of Tridegin lyse more rapidly when either streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator or hementin is added 2 h after clot formation. The effect of Tridegin is markedly increased if clots are formed from platelet-rich plasma. Platelet-rich plasma clots are lysed much more slowly by the fibrinolytic enzymes used and if Tridegin is present, the rate of lysis returns almost to that of platelet- free clots. These studies indicate the important role of platelets in conferring resistance to commonly used fibrinolytic enzymes and suggest that protein cross-linking is an important step in this effect. Moreover they indicate that Tridegin, a small polypeptide, may have potential as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

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