Volatiles of Tanacetum macrophyllum Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Terpene compounds of Tanacetum macrophyllum as 1) essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), 2) essential oil extracts, obtained by simultaneous hydrodistillation and extraction (SDE) and 3) volatiles, obtained by Static Headspace GC-MS analysis (HS) were processed. Monoterpenes were the most dominant (49.2%, 49.5% and 90.4%, respectively). Profiles of essential oils obtained by HD and SD were quite similar, with oxygenated monoterpenes (39.3% and 39.4%) being the most abundant. In HS volatiles oxygenated monoterpenes also dominated (57.4%). Total sesquiterpenes were abundant in HD and SDE volatiles (38.2% and 39.2%, resp.), where sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were prevalent (27.3% and 28.7%, resp.). Germacrene D was dominant in HD and SDE oils (22.0% and 23.3%, resp.) and 1,8-cineole in HS volatiles (34.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first use of Headspace technique on T. macrophyllum. Furthermore, this is the first comparison of different techniques of volatile extraction in T. macrophyllum.

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Inflorescence and leaves essential oil composition of hydroponically grown Ocimum basilicum L.

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc100311113h ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 1361-1368 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.B. Hassanpouraghdam ◽

G.R. Gohari ◽

S.J. Tabatabaei ◽

M.R. Dadpour

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Food Industries ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Hydroponically Grown

In order to characterize the essential oils of leaves and inflorescences, water distilled volatile oils of hydroponically grown Ocimum basilicum L. were analyzed by GC/EI-MS. Fifty components were identified in the inflorescence and leaf essential oils of the basil plants, accounting for 98.8 % and 99.9 % of the total quantified components respectively. Phenylpropanoids (37.7 % for the inflorescence vs. 58.3 % for the leaves) were the predominant class of oil constituents, followed by sesquiterpenes (33.3 % vs. 19.4 %) and monoterpenes (27.7 % vs. 22.1 %). Of the monoterpenoid compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes (25.2 % vs. 18.9 %) were the main subclass. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (25 % vs. 15.9 %) possessed the main subclass of sesquiterpenoidal compounds as well. Methyl chavicol, a phenylpropane derivative, (37.2 % vs. 56.7 %) was the principle component of both organ oils, with up to 38 % and 57 % of the total identified components of the inflorescence and leaf essential oils, respectively. Linalool (21.1 % vs. 13.1 %) was the second common major component followed by ?-cadinol (6.1 % vs. 3 %), germacrene D (6.1 % vs. 2.7 %) and 1,8-cineole (2.4 % vs. 3.5 %). There were significant quantitative but very small qualitative differences between the two oils. In total, considering the previous reports, it seems that essential oil composition of hydroponically grown O. basilicum L. had volatile constituents comparable with field grown counterparts, probably with potential applicability in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Exploitation of sweet lemon residues in the production of essential oils

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0193-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khalid A. Khalid ◽

Ahmed E. El-Gohary ◽

Aisha M. A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Major Fraction ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Chemical Fractions ◽

Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Important Means ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Background and objective The constituents of sweet lemon essential oil (EO) have different biological and medical properties. The exploitation of sweet lemon residues in the production of EO is an important means of increasing natural products and disposing of those residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the EO extracted from various sweet lemon residues such as leaves, flowers, and peels of fruits to find out their content of active substances. Materials and methods The EO of different residues of sweet lemon was isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) method, then they were analyzed by GC/MS. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA-1. Results The content of EO (%) was higher in peels than in flowers or leaves. Citronellal, nerol, and limonene were the major constituents of EO extracted from leaves, flowers, and peels, respectively. All detected components of various oils belonged to four chemical fractions (monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH), oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS)). The MH was the major faction of peel EO while the OM was the major fraction of leaf and flower EOs. The SH and OS were formed as the minor fractions in all EOs. Conclusion Different variations were observed in sweet lemon EO extracted from various residues which lead to diversity in natural sources of EO production.

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Chemical Composition of Hypericum richeri subsp. grisebachii Essential Oil from Croatia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800226 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Igor Jerković ◽

Maja Marasović ◽

Zvonimir Marijanović ◽

Kroata Hazler Pilepić ◽

Željan Maleš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Decanoic Acid ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Germacrene D

The aerial parts of Hypericum richeri Vill. subsp. grisebachii (Boiss.) Nyman were collected from two different locations in Croatia and subjected to hydrodistillation. GC/FID and GC/MS analysis of the isolated essential oils revealed 64 compounds representing 94.7% and 98.2% of the total oils. Predominant constituents in both samples were: germacrene D (10.9%; 6.0%), bicyclogermacrene (4.7%; 3.5%), α-pinene (6.8%; 6.9%), β-pinene (8.1%; 5.1%), decanoic acid (4.5%; 6.8%), β-caryophyllene (3.3%; 7.5%), δ-cadinene (7.0%; 4.4%), spathulenol (6.0%; 9.5%) and tetracosane (3.1%; 5.8%). Comparison of both samples revealed similarity in the chemical composition with minor fluctuations of constituent percentages. The chemical profile of Croatian oils was in general similar to those reported for other geographic areas regarding major mono- and sesquiterpene constituents. However, spathulenol, 5-cadinene and bicyclogermacrene were more abundant in Croatian oils. The presence of decanoic acid (4.5%; 6.8%) in Croatian oils was the major difference between acids and fatty acids derivatives. Higher abundance of alkanes (particularly tetracosane and docosane) was also noticed.

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Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Tithonia Rotundifolia Leaf Essential Oil Found in Nigeria

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300927 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300

Author(s):

Adebayo A. Gbolade ◽

Vânia Tira-Picos ◽

J.M.F. Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽

Monoterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Total Oil ◽

First Time

The essential oil from Tithonia rotundifolia leaf growing wild in Osun State, Nigeria obtained by hydro-distillation has been characterised for the first time by combined GC and GC-MS analyses. Forty-six components representing 93.8% of the total oil have been fully identified. The oil is characterised largely by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (78.1%), represented chiefly by germacrene D (33%) and β-caryophyllene (25.8%). The less important classes of components are monoterpene hydrocarbons (5.1%), oxygenated monoterpenes (0.3%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (3.1%) and non-terpenes (7.2%).

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Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oils and Headspace Volatiles of Seseli peucedanoides Plant Parts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19850691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1985069

Author(s):

Goran M. Petrović ◽

Jelena G. Stamenković ◽

Olga P. Jovanović ◽

Gordana S. Stojanović

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Headspace Volatiles ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Major Class ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Main Components

The chemical compositions of the essential oils of Seseli peucedanoides (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol. inflorescences and leaves, isolated by hydrodistillation, and headspace volatiles, obtained by the static headspace method, were analyzed in detail by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). In total, 74 constituents were identified, representing more than 98% of the observed GC peaks. The number of identified essential oil components obtained from the inflorescences was 63 while for the leaf essential oil it was 46. A much smaller number of compounds, 26 for inflorescences and 21 for leaves, were detected in the headspace samples. In both essential oils the most abundant compounds were the same, ( E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D, only in different proportions. The main components in the headspace specimens were α-pinene and ( E)-β-ocimene with ( E)-caryophyllene and ( Z)-3-hexen-1-ol also determined in significant percentages. The major class of compounds identified in the investigated essential oils was hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes with a share of over 80%, while the most dominant class of the headspace volatiles was hydrocarbon monoterpenes, which contribute slightly less than 80% of the total.

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Terpenoid Composition of the Essential Oils of Teucrium royleanum and T. quadrifarium

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500628 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lalit Mohan ◽

Charu C. Pant ◽

Anand B. Melkani ◽

Vasu Dev

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Chemical Markers ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Remarkable Similarity ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D

Teucrium royleanum Wall ex. Benth. and T. quadrifarium Buch.-Ham., growing wild in the Central Himalayan region of Uttarakhand (India), yielded, on steam distillation, 0.07% and 0.09%, respectively of essential oil. The oil samples were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. By GC, both oil samples showed remarkable similarity with respect to the major peaks. Fifty-seven constituents were identified in both the oils representing 96.0% and 96.6% of the total, respectively. The oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (~76.0%). β-Caryophyllene (23.6% and 38.3%), germacrene D (28.9% and 9.4%), α-humulene (5.7% and 5.9%), linalool (4.8% and 1.5%), and 1-octen-3-ol (8.5% and 0.7%) were common to both oils and were the principal constituents. The genus can be classified into two groups on the basis of the present and previous reports on the essential oil composition and chemical markers.

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Essential Oil Compositions and Cytotoxic Activities of Dendropanax capillaris, Oreopanax Nubigenus, and Schefflera Rodrigueziana from Monteverde, Costa Rica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400221 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Justin D. Richmond ◽

Brittany R. Agius ◽

Brenda S. Wright ◽

William A. Haber ◽

Debra M. Moriarity ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

High Concentrations

The leaf essential oils of Dendropanax capillaris, Oreopanax nubigenus and Schefflera rodrigueziana (Araliaceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The leaf oil of Dendropanax capillaris was composed of only four compounds, β-pinene (25.3%), δ-3-carene (44.7%), daucene (17.1%), and dauca-5,8-diene (12.9%). Oreopanax nubigenus leaf oil was dominated by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons germacrene D (70.1%) and β-caryophyllene (11.8%), while Schefflera rodrigueziana leaf oil was made up entirely of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, mostly germacrene D (27.6%), β-cubebene (27.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.2%), α-cubebene (11.1%), and α-copaene (10.8%). Both O. nubigenus and S. rodrigueziana leaf oils showed notable in-vitro cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells, which may be attributable to the relatively high concentrations of germacrene D and β-caryophyllene in those oils.

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Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia vulgaris L. Cultivated in Brazil

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12020049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sonia Malik ◽

Ludmilla de Mesquita ◽

Carolina Silva ◽

José de Mesquita ◽

Emmeline de Sá Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Artemisia Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D

Essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Compositae) cultivated in Brazil was investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic. The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation were examined by GC-MS and a total of 18 components were identified. The essential oil was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.4%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.3%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (16.6%). Caryophyllene (37.45%), germacrene D (16.17%), and humulene (13.66%) were the major components. The essential oils from A. vulgaris showed bactericidal and fungicidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. Anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus was absent in this essential oil. Altogether above results indicate that essential oils from A. vulgaris can be used for various medicinal purposes.

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A comparative study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of Varronia curassavica Jacq. obtained by different distillation methods

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-47869 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Aparecida de Castro Nizio ◽

Arie Fitzgerald Blank ◽

Fabiany de Andrade Brito ◽

Paulo Roberto Gagliardi ◽

Eduardo Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Colletotrichum Musae

This work aimed to compare the antifungal activity of the essential oil of Varronia curassavica obtained by hydrodistillation and microwave against the fungus Colletotrichum musae and verify the alterations caused by these extraction methods on the leaf surface. This study used four essential oil samples obtained by different methods, two by hydrodistillation [HD1 (1.0 L of water and 100 min.) and HD2 (2.0 L of water and 140 min.)] and two by microwave [MI1 (500W, 20 min, without water) and MI2 (700W, 40 min, with 50 mL of water added to fresh leaves)]. Essential oils concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% (v / v) were tested in PDA medium. The mycelial growth of C. musae was evaluated by measuring the diameter, every 24 hours up to 144 hours after the beginning of the incubation. Untreated leaves and leaves treated with HD1 and MI1 were prepared for observation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) LEO EVO 40. The most abundant compounds detected in the essential oil samples analyzed by gas chromatography were: shyobunol, germacrene D-4-ol, E-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, and α-cadinol. Up to 72 hours after the beginning of the incubation, C. musae presented no mycelial growth, even at the lowest essential oil concentration. Conversely, mycelial growth was detected in the control (PDA + DMSO) from 24 hours after incubation. At 144 hours after incubation, regardless of the concentration, the essential oil samples obtained by HD provided lower mycelial growth of C. musae (1.49 cm) when compared with samples obtained by MI (1.80 cm). This difference possibly occurred due to the reduction to less than half of the germacrene D-4-ol content in the samples obtained by MI. The four essential oil samples tested inhibited the mycelial growth and thus presented a inhibitory effect on C. musae. The SEM revealed more drastic changes on the surface of the leaf treated with MI than on those treated with HD. The essential oil of V. curassavica, mainly when obtained by hydrodistillation, has the potential for use in the control of C. musae.

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Chemical composition of the volatile oil of Cardiopetalum calophyllum collected in the Cerrado area

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 937-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo Nogueira Xavier ◽

Cássia Cristina Fernandes Alves ◽

Cristiane de Melo Cazal ◽

Nathalia Horrana Santos

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diverse Species ◽

The Family ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D

ABSTRACT: The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum , collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goiás, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. Twenty three compounds were identified in the essential oil of leaves; the oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (28.78%), was the major compound. Twenty five compounds were identified in the flowers, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (37.03%) and germacrene-B (13.72%). Seventeen compounds were reported in fruits, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (28.19%) and germacrene-B (20.90%), and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (11.53%). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum.

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