scholarly journals A Grounded Theoretical Analysis of Room Elements Desired by Family Members and Visitors of Hospitalized Patients: Implications for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Room Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders ◽  
Steven A. Lavender ◽  
Carolyn M. Sommerich ◽  
Sanghyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Hospital Patient ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Hospital Room ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Improve Hospital ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Objective: To identify family members’ and visitors’ needs with relation to the design of a hospital room. Background: There is a trend toward incorporating family zones in hospital patient rooms in order to improve patient satisfaction and encourage family caregivers to stay longer and overnight. Method: A mixed-method study was employed. Interviews of patients and family caregivers were conducted to understand opportunities to improve hospital room designs based on recent experiences. Features intended to support short-term and overnight visitors were embedded in five full-scale simulated room design concepts. Small groups of family caregivers and patients toured two room design concepts and reacted real time to room features. A grounded theory approach was employed to identify emerging themes. Results: A theoretical design framework is developed for the needs of family members and visitors for a range of time periods. This framework is founded upon desires to help make the patient feel more comfortable. There are various levels of helping the patient feel more comfortable, including visiting, keeping company, providing support, providing assistance, and being a caregiver. Beyond this core need, family members and visitors must take care of their own needs in order to feel comfortable in the hospital room. Activities associated with these needs include sitting, relaxing, eating, working, tending to daily needs, and resting overnight. Conclusions: Potential implications for architects, healthcare planners, and interior space designers are described. Design and renovation guidance for the hospital room environment in order to support the needs and expectations of families and visitors is provided.

scholarly journals The experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer in an Asian country: A grounded theory approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sinta Kristanti ◽  
Christantie Effendy ◽  
Adi Utarini ◽  
Myrra Vernooij-Dassen ◽  
Yvonne Engels
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Core ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Will Power ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Background: Strong family bonds are part of the Indonesian culture. Family members of patients with cancer are intensively involved in caring, also in hospitals. This is considered “normal”: a societal and religious obligation. The values underpinning this might influence families’ perception of it. Aim: To explore and model experiences of family caregivers of patients with cancer in Indonesia in performing caregiving tasks. Design: A grounded theory approach was applied. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and a paradigm scheme was employed for developing a theoretical model. Setting/participants: The study was conducted in three hospitals in Indonesia. The participants were family caregivers of patients with cancer. Results: A total of 24 family caregivers participated. “Belief in caregiving” appeared to be the core phenomenon. This reflects the caregivers’ conviction that providing care is an important value, which becomes the will power and source of their strength. It is a combination of spiritual and religious, value and motivation to care, and is influenced by contextual factors. It influences actions: coping mechanisms, sharing tasks, and making sacrifices. Social support influences the process of the core phenomenon and the actions of the caregivers. Both positive and negative experiences were identified. Conclusion: We developed a model of family caregivers’ experiences from a country where caregiving is deeply rooted in religion and culture. The model might also be useful in other cultural contexts. Our model shows that the spiritual domain, not only for the patient but also for the family caregivers, should be structurally addressed by professional caregivers.

Meeting Patient Expectations During Hospitalization: A Grounded Theoretical Analysis of Patient-Centered Room Elements

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders ◽  
Carolyn M. Sommerich ◽  
Steven A. Lavender ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Scores ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Core Components

Objectives: To identify patient needs and expectations that can be utilized to inform the design or renovation of medical–surgical patient rooms in a hospital. Background: There is an increased interest in supportive room design to increase patient satisfaction and improve the healing process. Methods: Patients’ and family caregivers’ reactions were elicited to intentional room elements embedded in a set of five full-scale simulated room prototypes. Small groups of patients and caregivers toured two of the five rooms and provided verbal and written evaluations of room features. A grounded theory approach was employed to generate a codebook, identify the frequency of codes, and to group codes and memos into emerging themes. Insights from emergent themes were compared with findings from written surveys on the importance of various room design elements completed at the beginning of each session. Results: A theoretical design framework was generated, showing patients expect a hospital room that provides them with the core components of comfort to support healing, facilitates a strong sense of connection to people and the outside world, enables quick and independent access to the patient’s things, and offers suitable levels of control to the patient throughout their hospital stay. Conclusions: The implications for assisting architects, healthcare planners, and interior space designers are described using this framework, as well as its potential for design guidance. In addition, the connection between patient-centered room elements and relevant survey questions in publicly reported patient satisfaction scores for hospitals is discussed.

scholarly journals “It’s Like a Death Sentence but It Really Isn’t” What Patients and Families Want to Know About Hospice Care When Making End-of-Life Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-727
Author(s):  
Channing E. Tate ◽  
Grace Venechuk ◽  
Elinor J. Brereton ◽  
Pilar Ingle ◽  
Larry A. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Background: Hospice is underutilized, due to both lack of initiation from patients and late referral from clinicians. Prior research has suggested the reasons for underuse are multifactorial, including clinician and patient lack of understanding, misperceptions about the nature of hospice care, and poor communication during end-of-life discussions about hospice care. Little is known about the decisional needs of patients and families engaging in hospice decision-making. Objectives: To understand the decisional needs of patients and families making decisions about hospice care. Methods: We conducted focus groups with family caregivers and hospice providers and one-on-one interviews with patients considering or enrolled in hospice care. We identified participants through purposeful and snowball sampling methods. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results: Four patients, 32 family caregivers, and 27 hospice providers participated in the study. Four main themes around decisional needs emerged from the interviews and focus groups: (1) What is hospice care?; (2) Why might hospice care be helpful?; (3) Where is hospice care provided?; and (4) How is hospice care paid for? Discussion: Hospice may not be the right treatment choice for all with terminal illness. Our study highlights where patients’ and families’ understanding could be enhanced to assure that they have the opportunity to benefit from hospice, if they so desire.

The Origins and Development of Socioemotional Wealth Within Next-Generation Family Members: An Interpretive Grounded Theory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Murphy ◽  
Jolien Huybrechts ◽  
Frank Lambrechts
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generation Family ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Adopting an interpretive grounded theory approach, we find that key events in the early lives of next-generation family members fuel a sense of belonging and identity, which lies at the heart of their socioemotional wealth. As next-generation family members interact more with the family business, they interpret nonfinancial aspects of the firm as an answer to a larger variety of affective needs, which broadens and strengthens their interactive socioemotional wealth frame of mind. In line with our life course theory lens, we observe how key events that build up socioemotional wealth greatly influence the life paths of next-generation family members.

Managing Shame: A Grounded Theory of How Stigma Manifests in Families Living With Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Palan Lopez ◽  
Karen M. Rose ◽  
Lauren Kenney ◽  
Victoria Sanborn ◽  
Jennifer Duncan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are irreversible, progressive brain disorders that slowly destroy memory, language, problem solving, and cognition. In the United States, dementia is the fifth leading cause of death for people age 65 years and older. Early diagnosis could have important benefits stigma related to dementia remains a significant impediment to diagnosis, treatment, and accessing services. While a growing body of research documents the existence and negative outcomes of stigma, less is known about how dementia-related stigma produces ill effects. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to explore how stigma manifests within families from the perspective of family caregivers of people with dementia. METHOD: Using a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 13 family caregivers of people with dementia. RESULTS: Shame emerged as the central theme experienced by family caregivers of people with dementia. Attempting to manage shame, produced three categories of responses: (1) silencing and not calling attention to the symptoms, (2) concealing the diagnosis, and (3) shunning and avoiding contact. CONCLUSIONS: Shame may be an underlying mechanism by which stigma is enacted and perpetuated, resulting in caregivers’ isolation and delay in access to diagnostic and supportive services. Efforts to dispel the misconception that dementia is a shameful disease may be one way to diminish stigma.

‘Family stigma’ among family members of people with mental illness in Indonesia: A grounded theory approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsyad Subu ◽  
Del Fatma Wati ◽  
Nabeel Al-Yateem ◽  
Netrida Netrida ◽  
Vetty Priscilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

The Life Experiences Among Primary Family Caregivers of Home-Based Palliative Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Ping Wu ◽  
Sheng-Jean Huang ◽  
Lee-Ing Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Home Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Primary Family

Background: An increasing number of patients with terminal illnesses prefer to die in their own homes due to aging, high medical payments, a limited number of hospitalization days, and the ability to receive care from family members. However, few studies have been conducted on the subjective perception and value of caregivers for home-based palliative care (HBPC). Objective: To identify common themes and topics of primary family caregivers’ lived experiences with HBPC when taking care of terminally ill family members. Methods: We conducted audio-recorded transcripts of one-on-one in-depth interviews of primary family caregivers of HBPC. Through a purposive sampling method, the participants were all interviewed; these interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results: A total of 22 primary family caregivers participated in the study. “Wholeheartedly accompanying one’s family to the end of life at home” was the core category. Six main themes describing caregivers’ experiences emerged from the interviews: (1) learning the basic skills of end-of-life home care, (2) arranging the sharing and rotation of care, (3) preparing for upcoming deaths and funerals, (4) negotiating the cultural and ethical issues of end-of-life home care, (5) ensuring a comfortable life with basic life support, and (6) maintaining care characterized by concern, perseverance, and patience. Conclusions: Primary family caregivers of HBPC need support and must learn home care skills by means of the holistic approach. It is crucial to establish assessment tools for caregivers’ preparedness for HBPC, including biopsychosocial and cultural considerations.

scholarly journals Support for Adjusting the Intentions of Family Members and Users Regarding Care Service Use: Aimed at Care Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 852-852
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Care Management ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Care Managers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Home Nursing Care ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Abstract In Japan, there are key healthcare professionals for home nursing care for elderly people called Care Managers. The care manager coordinates the service while adjusting the family situation and the user’s intentions. The purpose of this study was to examine the practical structure of support for adjusting the intentions of family members and users regarding care service use. Data from seven cases, where family members and users have different intentions regarding care service use, were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The phenomenon of “confirmation of discrepancies” was discovered with six sub-categories: adjusting the intentions of users and their families, effort to restore relationships, expression of intention to refuse involvement, expression of desire for adjustment, arrangement of opportunities for adjustment of intentions, and appropriate service adjustment. Four patterns occurred in the process of “confirmation of discrepancies”: smooth adjustment, restoration and promotion of mutual relationships, failure to reach an agreement, and negative feedback loops. These patterns were based on a combination of the care managers’ degree of understanding strength, the managers’ degree of insistence, the managers’ degree of representation of mutual feelings, the degree of managers’ prediction of life prospects, the degree of trust in care managers, and the degree of expression of family anxiety.

scholarly journals Safety or Autonomy in Dementia Care at Home, a Qualitative Study on Family Caregivers’ Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
Vincent Moermans ◽  
Michel Bleijlevens ◽  
Hilde Verbeek ◽  
Koen Milisen ◽  
Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
At Home

Abstract Persons with Dementia (PwD) living in their own home become increasingly dependent on support from especially family caregivers who often are confronted with dilemmas. Family caregivers feel responsible for PwD and predominantly want to ensure their safety, whereas PwD wants to engage in meaningful activity and make decisions autonomously. This study aims to identify how family caregivers caring for PwD at home deal with these dilemmas. Using a grounded theory approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 8 family caregivers. Results show that dealing with the dilemma of safety versus autonomy is considered as a calculated risk. By timely entering into dialogue with their loved one, family caregivers try to create a safe environment taking into account the needs and preferences of PwD. However, when situations evolve to such an extent that family caregivers think unsafety will occur, they take over control and overrule the autonomy of the PwD. This often results in resistance to care in PwD. Dealing with the dilemma is a continuous and exhausting learning process due to the ever-changing behaviour of PwD. Family caregivers said that they are in need of support of professional caregivers, but that this need is met insufficiently. As a result, family caregivers have to rely mostly on their own intuition and earlier experiences. The conclusion is that family caregivers experience serious dilemmas in the care of PwD living at home. Professional support in making adequate decisions related to safety and autonomy is warranted.

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