Searching for “Solutions” to Crisis: A Critique of Urban Austerity and Keynesianism

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-58
Author(s):  
Ståle Holgersen
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Marxist Approach ◽  
Key Policy

Based on reflections on how economic crises under capitalism have been typically “solved”, particularly by examining processes of creative destruction and spatial fixes, this paper argues for the need to rethink the duality between austerity, and Keynesian crisis management, given the nature of the current economic crisis. Austerity is a key policy instrument of neoliberalism. Keynesianism is regarded as neoliberalism's antithesis. Conventionally understood, continued austerity would mean more post-Fordist and neoliberal geographies, while a Keynesian approach would mean more demand management. This paper argues that such a conclusion is over-simplistic, indeed incorrect. Crisis management inspired by Keynes is less concerned with the destructive parts of crises and seldom challenges the power of capital. Therefore, Keynesian crisis management risks reproducing neoliberal spaces and neoliberal urban and regional policies. This paper questions whether Keynesian crisis management — i.e. boosting aggregate demand during slumps — is a “solution” to the current crisis. The paper questions Keynesianism in its belief, for example, that climate change can be stopped within a framework that still perpetuates, and advocates for, compound economic growth. The paper concludes by arguing for the need to see beyond Keynesianism, and explores what a Marxist approach to spatial fix and creative destruction might mean.

Main Tax Policy Matters for Establishing Chile as a Regional Operative Investment Hub

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Hurtado ◽  
Jaime Del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
International Tax Policy

Unlike other OECD countries, Chile has not yet established a uniform tax policy toward foreign investment. Moreover, Chile had past experiences of unsuccessful legislation on specific exempted investment vehicles created with the purpose of establishing the country as a hub or platform for foreign investment. An effective international tax policy design requires taking a holistic view of the challenges and their corresponding solutions. As a country’s tax regime is a key policy instrument that may negatively or positively influence investment, Chilean tax policy is being oriented in this regard. This Article reviews the progress of those projects and current legislation, compares other OECD countries’ experiences in this matter, analyzing the main facts or elements to consider upon deciding the relevant tax policy, and finally proposes a tax regime that could make Chile more competitive when attracting foreign operative investment, focused on a more regional approach. Accordingly, this Article also intends to serve as guide or help to be considered by regulators on the hard road of designing tax standards. 

China’s Aggregate Demand Management Since 2008

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Vassilis K. Fouskas ◽  
Shampa Roy-Mukherjee ◽  
Qingan Huang ◽  
Ejike Udeogu
Keyword(s):  
Demand Management ◽  
Aggregate Demand

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT ON HARMONIZATION OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF PARTICIPANTS OF CREATION, MANUFACTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONFECTIONERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mishchenko ◽  
Iryna Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs

The article highlights the features of the current crisis of Ukrainian confectionery companies. It is noted that in the local confectionery market among domestic and private entrepreneurs there is strong internal competition. It is substantiated that the high probability of occurrence and development of the crisis in the process of activity necessitates the implementation of specialized anti-crisis management of these enterprises. The functions of anti-crisis management are determined and their essence is revealed. The basic tools of diagnostics are offered. Special attention is paid to controlling and monitoring as elements of system of anti-crisis management. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the formation of the crisis management mechanism and its construction using the system of analysis of hazards and critical control points of HACCP and quality indicators of confectionery at critical control points (CTC) is substantiated. It is proved that such an approach will ensure the harmonization of the interests of participants in the creation, manufacture and sale of confectionery products.

Strategy Evaluation System of Large-Scale Public Buildings in Emergency Crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6327-6331
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Shu Hua Gao ◽  
Hua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Management Evaluation ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Index Weight

In order to promote the development of crisis management in large-scale public buildings, to make solutions for the insufficient crisis management ,poor implementation and other issues. Crisis strategy evaluation system of large public buildings is proposed through the use of literature research and coding method from the perspective of their own. Three dimensions of 16 evaluations are proposed ,including basic security strategy, risk strategy of emergency response, recovery strategy in the hole life cycle of crisis management. In this section, the research and the calculation method are given, and to determine the index weight by expert investigation method. In order to make clear our strengths and weaknesses when facing emergencies through scientific and reasonable evaluation of current crisis management evaluation strategy. Such is so helpful to improve the theory of crisis management of large public buildings in the application and optimizing risk management, and so is to provid a more complete and effective decision basis for the crisis management strategy of large public buildings when facing emergencies.

EWU-Krisenmanagement: Warum die Politik auf dem richtigen Weg ist

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Becker ◽  
Horst Löchel
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
European Banking Union ◽  
Short Run ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Great Persistence ◽  
The Right

SummaryWith troubles in the European Monetary Union (EMU) showing great persistence, the emergency measures and ad-hoc crisis management of European authorities has been subject to harsh criticism. The current fierce debate among economists and the broad public has given rise to two camps advocating fundamentally different approaches how to exit the sustained crisis. While according to the Integrationists′ view, the only viable way to get rid of pressing debt problems and to restore confidence in the Euro area lies in a common guarantee for national debt obligations, so-called Minimalists advocate a strict return to the cornerstones of the Maastricht Treaty, in particular strict compliance with the debt and deficit limits laid out by the Treaty as well as a credible application of the ‚no-bail-out‘ rule. However, in their pure form, both strategies do not serve for a timely and effective crisis management as they either require a level of supranational integration that - given the still prevalent Westphalian order - cannot be attained in the short run nor is it on the agenda of European policy, or essentially deny the significant flaws within the EMU architecture that failed to prevent current fiscal woes.The current crisis management of European authorities has followed neither of the two extremes but has taken a viable middle-of-the-road approach that resulted in useful and necessary repairs to the institutional architecture of the Euro area, most notably the establishment of the commonly guaranteed stability mechanisms EFSF and ESM as well as the first steps taken towards a European banking union. Hence, in contrast to most observers, we argue that the European authorities, by operating a prudent stepby- step approach, are on the right track towards solving the current crisis. As a result, European Central Bank could move back to its original approach of monetary policy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the possibility of employing 3D printing technology in crisis situations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wysoczański ◽  
Zbigniew Kamyk ◽  
Yann Yvinec
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Crisis Situations

Events related to climate change and the increase in the occurrence of natural disasters, as well as the increasing incidence of new diseases, have all caused the prominence of regional security and crisis management around the world to rise. Three-dimensional printing, which has seen noteworthy developed in recent years, both in terms of print parameters, and the magnitude of the production potential, may prove helpful in this matter. Enormous opportunities have arisen which, if properly directed, can save human life and preserve health in crisis situations, when traditional supply chains could be disrupted or even prevented. The use of additive technologies, however, has its limitations and in order to be able to take full advantage of the opportunities they offer, a legitimate functional system should be created and embedded within proper structures to support crisis management. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of using 3D printers and the possibility of their implementation as part of the current crisis-response systems. The article proposes a model for incorporating additive technologies into the crisis-management system.

scholarly journals How firms use coordination activities in university–industry collaboration: adjusting to or steering a research center?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Isaeva ◽  
Marianne Steinmo ◽  
Einar Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
University Industry

AbstractUniversity–industry collaboration (UIC) is an important source of knowledge and innovation for firms but is often challenging due to the partners’ different goals. Thus, formal research centers have become a key policy instrument to foster stronger UIC whereby strong mutual relationships are created. This study investigates the establishment of a university–industry research center to gain insights into the coordination activities the focal firms used to achieve their goals with UIC. We find that the firms with goals related to specific innovations and technology development took a more active role by using structured coordination activities in the preformation phase of the research center, whereas the firms with goals related to general knowledge development mainly coordinated through unstructured activities when the center began operations. We map the specific coordination activities used in UIC and theorize on how the partners’ different organizational goals influenced their use of these activities. Our findings have important implications for how activities in UIC, particularly in research centers, can be designed to strengthen the collaboration between universities and their firm partners to enhance knowledge development and innovation.

scholarly journals Labour market impact of four recessions on women and men in Greece: Comparative analysis in a long term perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karamessini
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Market Impact ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Market Impact

<p>The current economic crisis in Greece has<br />produced a dramatic fall in male and female<br />employment and driven unemployment to<br />historically unprecedented levels. This article<br />compares gender differences in the labour<br />market impact of the current crisis with those<br />of the three previous recessions: 1974, 1980-83,<br />1990-1993. We have found large discrepancies in<br />the gender impact between the four recessions.<br />These are due to differences in their nature and<br />duration, the sectors and industries hit each<br />time and the trends of women’s labour force<br />participation before the eruption of the crisis.<br />The structural nature of the current crisis and the<br />negative repercussions of the deep and prolonged<br />recession on the services sector that concentrates<br />the great bulk of female employment explain<br />why the gendered labour market impact of the<br />current crisis is different from that of previous<br />recessions. Male employment has been more<br />hit than female employment until now, but<br />the spread of the recession to services reversed<br />the long term trend of increase in the female<br />employment rate. By contrast, in all three<br />previous recessions, the tertiary sector had played<br />a protective, compensating and enhancing role<br />for women’s employment.</p>

Mind the gap: From recommendation to practice in crisis management. Exploring the gap between the “lessons identified” during exercise cygnus and the UK government response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Kevin Pollock, MBCI ◽  
Eve Coles, BSc (Hons), CertEd, FEPS
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Policy Recommendation ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
The Uk

The failure to learn lessons from crises is a common observation. The UK Government has been criticized for its response to the COVID-19 crisis. Many critics have highlighted the Government’s apparent failure to learn the lessons from Exercise Cygnus, which made recommendations to improve the UK’s response to a pandemic. This article compares and contrasts the UK Government’s response with the exercise recommendations. It critiques the gaps using current crisis management literature and argues that to avoid future failings, more emphasis is needed on the effectiveness of recommendations from exercises. If this is not done, exercise lessons identified, and their recommendations will not be operationalized. This article argues that the successful transition from policy recommendation to practice requires recommendations to be contextualized, so they are feasible and practical, before they can be institutionalized. It introduces a practical framework and organizational actions on how future exercises can close the gap from lessons identified to be learned and shape practice.

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