Would You Deliver an Electric Shock in 2015? Obedience in the Experimental Paradigm Developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 Years Following the Original Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Doliński ◽  
Tomasz Grzyb ◽  
Michał Folwarczny ◽  
Patrycja Grzybała ◽  
Karolina Krzyszycha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Stanley Milgram

In spite of the over 50 years which have passed since the original experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram on obedience, these experiments are still considered a turning point in our thinking about the role of the situation in human behavior. While ethical considerations prevent a full replication of the experiments from being prepared, a certain picture of the level of obedience of participants can be drawn using the procedure proposed by Burger. In our experiment, we have expanded it by controlling for the sex of participants and of the learner. The results achieved show a level of participants’ obedience toward instructions similarly high to that of the original Milgram studies. Results regarding the influence of the sex of participants and of the “learner,” as well as of personality characteristics, do not allow us to unequivocally accept or reject the hypotheses offered.

The role of secrecy in human behavior.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior

Contemporary Machiavellian theses "The strategy of the role of the absurd state as a model"

2020 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ali Hussein Hameed ◽  
Saif Hayder AL.Husainy
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Technologies

In the anarchism that governs the nature and patterns of international relations characterized by instability and uncertainty in light of several changes, as well as the information revolution and the resulting developments and qualitative breakthroughs in the field of scientific and advanced technological knowledge and modern technologies.  All of these variables pushed toward the information flow and flow tremendously, so rationality became an indispensable matter for the decision maker as he faces these developments and changes. There must be awareness and rationality in any activity or behavior because it includes choosing the best alternative and making the right decision and selecting the information accurately and mental processing Through a mental system based on objectivity, methodology, and accumulated experience away from idealism and imagination, where irrationality and anarchy are a reflection of the fragility of the decision-maker, his lack of awareness of the subject matter, his irresponsibility, and recklessness that inevitably leads to failure by wasting time and Effort and potential. The topic acquires its importance from a search in the strategies of the frivolous state and its characteristics with the ability to influence the regional, and what it revealed is a turning point in how to adapt from the variables and employ them to their advantage and try to prove their existence. Thus, the problem comes in the form of a question about the possibility of the frivolous state in light of the context of various regional and international events and trends. The answer to this question stems from the main hypothesis that (the aim which the frustrating state seeks to prove is that it finds itself compelled to choose several strategies that start from the nature of its characteristics and the goals that aim at it, which are centered in the circle of its interests in the field of its struggle for the sake of its survival and area of influence).

Personality Characteristics of Tulpamancers and Their Tulpas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Martin ◽  
Bailey Thompson ◽  
Steven Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Personality Similarity

Tulpamancy is a practice that involves the creation of imagined sentient companions, tulpas, who abide within their human host's mind. The primary aim of our study was to examine the personality characteristics of tulpas and their hosts. Further, we examined the role of personality similarity in predicting relationship satisfaction. Individuals with tulpas completed an online questionnaire of host and tulpa personality and scales of host’s relationship satisfaction. Our pre-registered analyses (https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x= bi484h) found that hosts reported positive experiences with their tulpas. While we predicted that the personalities of the host and tulpa would be complementary, our results indicated they were more consistent with a similarity perspective. Finally, our hypothesis that the personalities of hosts and tulpas would be related to perceived relationship satisfaction was supported for certain personality characteristics. Our results provide evidence that the tulpa-host relationship may function as a beneficial mechanism in the lives of the host.

Reward Prediction Errors Drive Declarative Learning Irrespective of Agency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Ergo ◽  
Luna De Vilder ◽  
Esther De Loof ◽  
Tom Verguts
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Declarative Learning

Recent years have witnessed a steady increase in the number of studies investigating the role of reward prediction errors (RPEs) in declarative learning. Specifically, in several experimental paradigms RPEs drive declarative learning; with larger and more positive RPEs enhancing declarative learning. However, it is unknown whether this RPE must derive from the participant’s own response, or whether instead any RPE is sufficient to obtain the learning effect. To test this, we generated RPEs in the same experimental paradigm where we combined an agency and a non-agency condition. We observed no interaction between RPE and agency, suggesting that any RPE (irrespective of its source) can drive declarative learning. This result holds implications for declarative learning theory.

Vocational Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Vocational Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts

Chapter 6 reviews research on the topic of vocational/occupational development in relation to the McAdams and Pals tripartite personality framework of traits, goals, and life stories. Distinctions between types of motivations for the work role (as a job, career, or calling) are particularly highlighted. The authors then turn to research from the Futures Study on work motivations and their links to personality traits, identity, generativity, and the life story, drawing on analyses and quotes from the data set. To illustrate the key concepts from this vocation chapter, the authors end with a case study on Charles Darwin’s pivotal turning point, his round-the-world voyage as naturalist for the HMS Beagle. Darwin was an emerging adult in his 20s at the time, and we highlight the role of this journey as a turning point in his adult vocational development.

Revolutionizing Mental Health with Social Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Munmun De Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms have emerged as rich repositories of information relating to people’s activities, emotions, and linguistic expression. This chapter highlights how these data may be harnessed to reason about human mental and psychological well-being. It also discusses the emergent role of social media in providing a platform of self-disclosure and support to distressed and vulnerable communities. It reflects on how this new line of research bears potential for informing the design of timely and tailored interventions, provisions for improved personal and societal well-being assessment, privacy and ethical considerations, and the challenges and opportunities of the increasing ubiquity of social media.

scholarly journals Current role of ultrasound in hemodialysis access evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110346
Author(s):  
Meola Mario ◽  
Jose Ibeas ◽  
Jan Malik
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Dialysis Nurses

Physical examination (PE) is considered the backbone before vascular access (VA) placement, during maturation period and for follow-up. However, it may be inadequate in identifying suitable vasculature, mainly in comorbid patients, or in detecting complications. This review highlights the advantages of ultrasound imaging to manage VA before placement, during maturation and follow-up. Furthermore, it analyses the future perspectives in evaluating early and late VA complications thank to the availability of multiparametric platforms, point of care of ultrasound, and portable/wireless systems. Technical improvements and low-cost systems should favor the widespread ultrasound-based VA surveillance programs. This significant turning point needs an adequate training of nephrologists and dialysis nurses and the standardization of exams, parameters, and procedures.

scholarly journals Progesterone after Estradiol Modulates Shuttle-Cage Escape by Facilitating Volition

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. JEN.S32735
Author(s):  
Darryl J. Mayeaux ◽  
Sarah M. Tandle ◽  
Sean M. Cilano ◽  
Matthew J. Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Escape Learning

In animal models of depression, depression is defined as performance on a learning task. That task is typically escaping a mild electric shock in a shuttle cage by moving from one side of the cage to the other. Ovarian hormones influence learning in other kinds of tasks, and these hormones are associated with depressive symptoms in humans. The role of these hormones in shuttle-cage escape learning, however, is less clear. This study manipulated estradiol and progesterone in ovariectomized female rats to examine their performance in shuttle-cage escape learning without intentionally inducing a depressive-like state. Progesterone, not estradiol, within four hours of testing affected latencies to escape. The improvement produced by progesterone was in the decision to act, not in the speed of learning or speed of escaping. This parallels depression in humans in that depressed people are slower in volition, in their decisions to take action.

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