Beyond positivism: Toward a pluralistic approach to studying “real” teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Kyi Phyu Nyein ◽  
Jesse R. Caylor ◽  
Ngoc S. Duong ◽  
Trevor N. Fry ◽  
Jessica L. Wildman
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Membership Change ◽  
Team Conflict ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Team Adaptation ◽  
Change Team ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Published Research

To conduct sound research on organizational teams while overcoming the difficulties inherent in studying teams in situ, it is essential for researchers to consider all possible methodologies at their disposal. However, in the science of teams, published research is primarily driven by a positivist paradigm and quantitative methodology. This research offers an important perspective but fails to capitalize on the wide array of paradigms and methodologies outside of this perspective. Accordingly, we advocate for a pluralistic approach to studying real-world teams that utilizes qualitative methodologies to complement and enhance quantitative findings. We summarize philosophical assumptions, research paradigms, and qualitative methodologies not commonly used in research on teams. We then highlight existing qualitative research within several exemplar topic areas (team conflict, membership change, team adaptation, shared leadership, and inclusion in teams) and offer propositions for how qualitative methodologies can be used to develop a better understanding of real teams in organizations.

Positivist Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Paradigms

This chapter introduces the reader to positivist philosophy which underpins much of quantitative methodology and designs in research. The chapter is divided into five sections. The first section discusses the origin of scientific research and the rejection of metaphysics in research. The second section describes the key tenets of positivist philosophy while the third section distinguishes positivist philosophy from other research paradigms. The gaps in positivist philosophy and the paradigm war that led to the emergence of interpretive and pragmatist philosophies are highlighted in detail. The characteristics of interpretivist and pragmatist philosophies are partly discussed in sections four and five.

Preventative Actions for Enhancing Online Protection and Privacy

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-236
Author(s):  
Steven Furnell ◽  
Rossouw von Solms ◽  
Andy Phippen
Keyword(s):  
Information Gathering ◽  
End User ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Many citizens rely upon online services, and it is certain that this reliance will increase in the future. However, they frequently lack a solid appreciation of the related safety and security issues, and can be missing out on an essential aspect of awareness in everyday life. Indeed, users are often concerned about online threats, but it would be stretching the point to claim that they are fully aware of the problems. Thus, rather than actually protecting themselves, many will simply accept that they are taking a risk. This paper examines the problem of establishing end-user eSafety awareness, and proposes means by which related issues can be investigated and addressed. Recognising that long-term attitudes and practices will be shaped by early experiences with the technology, it is particularly important to address the issue early and improve awareness amongst young people. However, the problem is unlikely to be addressed via the approaches that would traditionally be applied with adult users. As such, the paper examines information gathering and awareness-raising strategies drawing from qualitative methodologies in the social sciences, whose pluralistic approach can be effectively applied within school contexts.

Evaluation of a Mental and Behavioral Health Patient Room Mockup at a VA Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Naomi A. Sachs ◽  
Mardelle M. Shepley ◽  
Kati Peditto ◽  
Mary Therese Hankinson ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Patient Room ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Minimal Research

Objective: The primary goal of this research was to evaluate a physical full-scale, high-fidelity mockup of a mental and behavioral health (MBH) inpatient room and bathroom. Background: There is minimal research on design for MBH and no published research using mockups to evaluate a MBH design proposal. To address this gap, an interdisciplinary team developed an ideal Patient-Centered MBH Patient Room, which was built as a mockup at a Veterans Administration (VA) facility and evaluated by patients and staff in situ. Method: The mock-up was evaluated using a structured mixed methods process that incorporates feedback using Feedback Forms and facilitated Listening Sessions. Our two primary hypotheses were that the design, as represented by the mock-up, would be positively evaluated and that there would be a difference between staff and patient perceptions, with patients rating the design higher than staff. Results: Quantitative analysis confirmed our hypotheses, revealing an overall positive response, with a difference between patients and staff. Contrary to hypothesis, staff consistently rated the design higher than patients. Qualitative analysis found mixed reception of the design and three primary themes: safety, homeyness/deinstitutionalization, and positive distraction/nature. Conclusions: Physical mock-ups may be an effective tool for evaluation of a proposed design; however, staff perceptions of the environment may differ from those of patients. One drawback of using a physical high-fidelity mock-up is the expectation that the mock-up perfectly represents the proposed design. With this project, even small unfinished details were distracting to the participants and may have negatively affected the evaluation.

Probability-based short term design of soil slopes

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tang ◽  
M. S. Yucemen ◽  
A. H.-S. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Soil Slopes ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Earth Slopes ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Slope Design

Earth slopes are generally designed in an environment characterized by numerous uncertainties, stemming from limited sampling efforts on soil strata with variable soil properties, amplified further by the discrepancy between in situ and laboratory measured soil strengths. Additional uncertainties are also introduced from various simplifying assumptions and idealizations that are necessary for a practical mathematical analysis of stability.The uncertainties involved in the short-term stability of soil slopes have been evaluated from an extensive literature survey. A procedure for developing design of earth slopes based on a permissible risk is formulated whereby experience, published research results, experimental test data and judgement can be consistently incorporated in the evaluation of uncertainties and reliability of a given design. An example of slope design is presented to illustrate the proposed risk-based design method.

scholarly journals TUJUH BELAS TAHUN STUDI AKUNTANSI ZAKAT DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH REVIU SISTEMATIK DAN SARAN UNTUK RISET DI MASA MENDATANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Hafiez Sofyani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Management Organization ◽  
Published Research

<p><em>Roughly 17 years have passed since the first article on zakat accounting was written by Harahap and Yusuf (2002). Until 2019 today, the average accounting zakat articles published in accredited journals ranking 2 and 3 are only 1.53 per year. This indicates that attention to the issue of accounting for zakat by accounting academics is low. Various problems related to zakat accounting research are presented in this paper, starting from the shallowness of the study, there was no connection between one research with other research, and monotonous topics which have no follow-up on research design that should be more in-depth. Many papers also did not really present practical and theoretical contributions. Various research paradigms which are actually very valuable to be employed in zakat accounting research have also not been explored further. Departing from the various problems, this paper tries to provide direction for future research regarding zakat accounting issue. This paper is a systematic review of published research as well as developments in academic and practices issues in the field related to zakat accounting and Zakat Management Organization (OPZ). Review results offers three points of improvement for future studies, namely the proposal of several contemporary issues/topics that need to be investigated, the research paradigm recommended to be applied, and theories or concepts that need to be tested related to research on zakat accounting.</em></p>

scholarly journals Sakarin Dalam Jeruk Buah Di Pasaran Semasa Malaysia Dan Hubungannya Dengan Konsep Halalan Thoyyiban

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Nor Suhanna Abdullah ◽  
Arieff Salleh Rosman ◽  
Harisun Yaakob
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Muslims are required to select halal and good (thoyyiban) food, which comprises the safety aspect. Halal and safety-related issues of food are often being focussed by Muslim people in this country. One of the discussed issues is the safety level of saccharin consumption as an artificial sweetener. This study analysed saccharin from scientific perspectives and its relationships with human health. Then, this study connected the presence of saccharin in fruit-pickle samples with the concept of halalan thoyyiban. In the first phase, this study used qualitative methodologies which includes historical, content analysis, and observation method. As for the second phase, this study used a quantitative methodology based on experiments in the laboratory on six fruit-pickle samples. Findings show that saccharin is produced synthetically and does not contain calories and any nutrients. Saccharin is safe if taken according to the safe limit set by WHO that is 5mg/kg (of body weight) per day. Excessive consumption either contributes or stimulates cancer (tumour promoter). Meanwhile, the quantitative study found that five from six analysed samples of fruit pickles contain saccharin. The safety level measurement towards human between the weight of 20kg up to 50kg that consumes 100g of pickles per day is however still below the safe limit set by WHO. This study concludes that saccharin is halal but cannot be categorised under thoyyiban as it does not contain any nutrient and calory, can give negative effects to health if taken over the suggested amount.

Preventative Actions for Enhancing Online Protection and Privacy

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1397-1407
Author(s):  
Steven Furnell ◽  
Rossouw von Solms ◽  
Andy Phippen
Keyword(s):  
Information Gathering ◽  
End User ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Many citizens rely upon online services, and it is certain that this reliance will increase in the future. However, they frequently lack a solid appreciation of the related safety and security issues, and can be missing out on an essential aspect of awareness in everyday life. Indeed, users are often concerned about online threats, but it would be stretching the point to claim that they are fully aware of the problems. Thus, rather than actually protecting themselves, many will simply accept that they are taking a risk. This paper examines the problem of establishing end-user eSafety awareness, and proposes means by which related issues can be investigated and addressed. Recognising that long-term attitudes and practices will be shaped by early experiences with the technology, it is particularly important to address the issue early and improve awareness amongst young people. However, the problem is unlikely to be addressed via the approaches that would traditionally be applied with adult users. As such, the paper examines information gathering and awareness-raising strategies drawing from qualitative methodologies in the social sciences, whose pluralistic approach can be effectively applied within school contexts.

Preventative Actions for Enhancing Online Protection and Privacy

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Furnell ◽  
Rossouw von Solms ◽  
Andy Phippen
Keyword(s):  
End User ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Many citizens rely upon online services, and it is certain that this reliance will increase in the future. However, they frequently lack a solid appreciation of the related safety and security issues, and can be missing out on an essential aspect of awareness in everyday life. Indeed, users are often concerned about online threats, but it would be stretching the point to claim that they are fully aware of the problems. Thus, rather than actually protecting themselves, many will simply accept that they are taking a risk. This paper examines the problem of establishing end-user eSafety awareness, and proposes means by which related issues can be investigated and addressed. Recognising that long-term attitudes and practices will be shaped by early experiences with the technology, it is particularly important to address the issue early and improve awareness amongst young people. However, the problem is unlikely to be addressed via the approaches that would traditionally be applied with adult users. As such, the paper examines information gathering and awareness-raising strategies drawing from qualitative methodologies in the social sciences, whose pluralistic approach can be effectively applied within school contexts.

Joint inversion of transient‐pressure and dc resistivity measurements acquired with in‐situ permanent sensors: A numerical study

Geophysics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk O. Alpak ◽  
Carlos Torres‐Verdín ◽  
Tarek M. Habashy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Dc Resistivity ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Transient Pressure ◽  
Resistivity Measurements

We develop a quantitative methodology to interpret jointly in‐situ transient‐pressure and dc resistivity measurements acquired in a hypothetical water injection experiment, with the goal of displacing oil in a hydrocarbon‐bearing formation. The assumed measurement acquisition system consists of enforcing time‐variable flow rates while injecting water into the surrounding rock formations, thereby producing a sequence of repeated transient‐pressure pulses. In‐situ dc resistivity measurements are acquired at the end of every flow‐rate pulsing sequence. The objective of the experiment is to estimate the spatial distributions of absolute fluid permeability and electrical resistivity. Geophysical inverse theory is used to account for the presence of noisy measurements. Synthetic data with noise are inverted to assess the relative benefits of different types of sensor geometries in axisymmetric models of permeability and electrical resistivity. Results strongly suggest that cooperative inversion of in‐situ transient‐pressure and dc resistivity measurements reduces nonuniqueness in the estimation of resistivity and absolute permeability governed by dynamic fluid‐flow phenomena. This leads to a more accurate estimate of permeability and resistivity compared to separate inversion of each data type.

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