scholarly journals About the Acceptance of Wearing Face Masks in Times of a Pandemic

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110211
Author(s):  
Claus-Christian Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Participants

Wearing face masks in times of COVID-19 is one of the essential keystones for effectively decreasing the rate of new infections and thus for mitigating the negative consequences for individuals as well as for society. Acceptance of wearing masks is still low in many countries, making it extremely difficult to keep the pandemic at bay. In an experimental study, participants ( N = 88) had to assess how strange they felt when wearing a face mask while being exposed to displays of groups of varying numbers of mask wearers. Three different types of face masks were shown: simple homemade masks, FFP2 masks, and loop scarfs. The higher the frequency of people wearing masks in the displayed social group, the less strange the participants felt about themselves, an essential precondition for accepting wearing masks. This effect of a descriptive social norm was particularly effective when people saw others wearing less intrusive masks, here, simple homemade masks.

Effects of ball properties on throwing in young team-handball beginners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110236
Author(s):  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Benjamin Noël ◽  
André Nicklas ◽  
Fabian Lukac ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Participants

Throwing a ball is a primary skill in team-handball and can be directly influenced by the properties of different types of balls. Therefore, the use of different balls (i.e., methodic ball) recommended by the handball federations (e.g., IHF) and the education guidelines, are important in teaching throwing. Previous studies have shown that movement patterns and throwing velocity can be influenced by different ball types and sizes. However, the influence of these factors on throwing accuracy has not been investigated in detail yet. This study aims to replicate the findings of previous studies on increasing throwing velocity in children by comparing the use of a soft methodic ball with a size 0 handball. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of these balls on throwing accuracy. In an experimental study, participants (10-years of age) threw a soft methodic ball and a size 0 ball at target areas in a handball goal. For all the throws, throwing velocity and accuracy were measured. Commensurate with previous research, throwing velocity was higher for the soft methodic ball compared to a size 0 ball. No difference was found in accuracy, although, it is worth mentioning that the participants were only experienced in throwing using the size 0 ball. Moreover, only one-third of the children favored throwing with a size 0 ball, which is what they are used to in training and competition. The results of our study, therefore, confirm that using soft methodic balls additionally, positively influences the throwing velocity and has no negative effect on the accuracy in throwing among young handball beginners.

The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lina Jia ◽  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Shilin Wei ◽  
Guiping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

Determinants of Face Mask Utilization to Prevent Covid-19 Pandemic among Quarantined Adults in Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110132
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Haftom ◽  
Pammla M. Petrucka
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Study Participants

A face mask is a vital component of personal protective equipment to prevent potentially contagious respiratory infections. There was a lack of evidence showing the proportion and determinants of face mask use in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify face mask utilization determinants to prevent spread of the Covid-19 pandemic among quarantined adults in Tigrai region, northern Ethiopia. A total of 331 participants selected using a systematic random sampling method were included in the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed. After describing the variables using frequencies, means, and standard deviations, multivariable logistic regression determined factors associated with face mask utilization to prevent COVID-19 spread. The study participants were primarily males (70%) and mean age was 30.5 ( SD = 11) years. Nearly half of the participants reported they did not wear a face mask when leaving home. Face mask utilization was significantly associated with knowledge score, employment status, gender, age, and educational status of the study participants.

scholarly journals Dynamic modulation of social influence by indirect reciprocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Zonca ◽  
Anna Folsø ◽  
Alessandra Sciutti
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Human Partner ◽  
Good Reputation

AbstractIndirect reciprocity is a pervasive social norm that promotes human cooperation. Helping someone establishes a good reputation, increasing the probability of receiving help from others. Here we hypothesize that indirect reciprocity regulates not only cooperative behavior but also the exchange of opinions within a social group. In a novel interactive perceptual task (Experiment 1), we show that participants relied more on the judgments of an alleged human partner when a second alleged peer had been endorsing participants’ opinions. By doing so, participants did not take into account the reliability of their partners’ judgments and did not maximize behavioral accuracy and monetary reward. This effect declined when participants did not expect future interactions with their partners, suggesting the emergence of downstream mechanisms of reciprocity linked to the management of reputation. Importantly, all these effects disappeared when participants knew that the partners’ responses were computer-generated (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that, within a social group, individuals may weight others’ opinions through indirect reciprocity, highlighting the emergence of normative distortions in the process of information transmission among humans.

“De terughaalactie geld alleen voor de hierboven afgebelede pizza’s geldig.”

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariet Raedts ◽  
Irene Roozen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Product Recall ◽  
Brand Evaluations ◽  
Different Types

Consumers’ responses to product recalls with language errors Consumers’ responses to product recalls with language errors Product recall notices not only warn consumers for faulty products, they also limit the damage which may be caused to the company. But what happens when the product recall notice itself contains errors? This study investigated the effects of three different types of language errors: typographical errors, verb errors and sentence errors. Four versions of a product recall were created. The control condition contained no errors. The other three versions contained either five typos, five grammatical conjugation errors or five poorly formed sentences. Participants (N = 710) were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. Results indicate that participants who detected the errors, had lower attitudes towards the advertisement and the company than participants in the control condition and participants who failed to detect the errors. Poorly formed sentences also had a negative impact on consumers’ brand evaluations and their future product purchase intentions. Hence, language errors in product recall notices can have negative consequences for companies.

Experimental study on energy consumption and thermal environment of radiant ceiling heating system for different types of rooms

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122555
Author(s):  
Wei Liao ◽  
Yimo Luo ◽  
Jinqing Peng ◽  
Dengjia Wang ◽  
Chenzhang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramkumar Ramkrishnan ◽  
Ragupathy Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Forced Draft

Deterioration of the packing material is a major problem in cooling towers. In this experimental study ceramic tiles were used as a packing material. The packing material is a long life burnt clay, which is normally used as a roofing material. It prevents a common problem of the cooling tower resulting from corrosion and water quality of the tower. In this study, we investigate the use of three different types of ceramic packings and evaluate their heat and mass transfer coefficients. A simple comparison of packing behaviour is performed with all three types of packing materials. The experimental study was conducted in a forced draft cooling tower. The variations in many variables, which affect the tower efficiency, are described.

scholarly journals Silent Hands: A Leader’s Ability to Create Nonverbal Immediacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Talley ◽  
Samuel R Temple
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Study Participants

Nonverbal immediacy is a core element of a leader’s ability to lead followers. Nevertheless, there are no empirical studies regarding a link between a leader’s hand gestures and followers’ perceptions of immediacy (attraction to someone) or nonimmediacy (distancing). Guided by Mehrabian’s theory of nonverbal behavior, this study included one independent variable segmented into seven levels (positive hand gestures defined as community hand, humility hands, and steepling hands; three defensive gestures, defined as hands in pocket, arms crossed over chest, and hands behind back; and neutral/no hand gestures) to test for immediacy or nonimmediacy. In this experimental study, participants (<em>n </em>= 300; male = 164; female = 143) were shown one of seven pictures of a leader. Four hypotheses were tested for main and interactional effects and all were supported by the results. Immediate communication received strong support, meaning immediacy on the part of a leader is likely to lead to increased emotional connection to achieve desirable outcomes. This study advances theory from previous research that specific hand gestures are more effective than others at creating immediacy between leaders and followers.

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