Attentional control associated with core cognitive maintenance factors of social anxiety

Models of social anxiety emphasize anticipatory processing (AP) and post-event processing (PEP) as repetitive negative thinking (RNT) processes that occur before and after social-evaluative events, respectively. Both AP and PEP have been implicated as maladaptive processes which maintain social anxiety. Accordingly, a common vulnerability, such as poor attentional control, may serve to maintain both. The present research included two separate samples to investigate the relationship between attentional control and AP (Sample 1) and PEP (Sample 2). Participants ( n = 49 for Sample 1; n = 35 for Sample 2) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, AP or PEP, attentional control, and trait anxiety. Poorer total attentional control was associated with social anxiety in both samples. In addition, attentional control total and attentional shifting were negatively associated with PEP (Sample 2) but not with AP (Sample 1). Mediation modeling suggested that trait anxiety mediated the relationship between total attentional control and PEP. The findings suggest that attentional control plays a role in the regulation of emotion, such as anxiety, and RNT processes, such as PEP, but not AP.

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Usefulness of a Self-Report Measure of Anxiety in Prediction of Motor Performance

School Psychology International ◽

10.1177/014303438200300405 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 213-218

Author(s):

Branko Pokrajac

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety State ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

State Measure ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship ◽

Report Measure

An instrument which provides a proper anxiety state measure and measures of seven other emotions was constructed. The instrument (Scale of Eight Emotions — S8E) was used in two investigations aimed at clarification of the relationship between anxiety and motor performance. An experiment which followed the usual design in the study of the effect of anxiety on motor behaviour was conducted. ‘Trait anxiety’ and instruction (2times2) were independent variables, while four motor tasks were dependent ones. Before and after performing motor tasks, the subjects (Ss) responded to the S8E. The Ss' scores on the S8E considerably helped the interpretation of experimental results. The second study was carried out in a natural setting: a modern rhythmical gymnastics contest. The multiple R between seven emotion predictors and motor performance was 0.72 ( P< 0.05). Most important in prediction, anxiety state was correlated with performance with r = −0.58 ( P< 0.01). Fear, the emotion frequently confused with anxiety, was not significantly correlated with performance. ‘Trait anxiety’ too was not significantly correlated with performance, indicating how problematic it is to substitute a trait for a state anxiety measure.

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Repetitive Negative Thinking in Social Anxiety Disorder 1: Anticipatory Processing

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.5127/jep.045516 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Boschen ◽

◽

Rachel Sluis ◽

David Neumann ◽

Karen Murphy

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Anxiety Disorder ◽

Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽

Negative Thinking ◽

Anticipatory Processing

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Attentional control in subclinical anxiety and depression: depression symptoms are associated with deficits in target facilitation, not distractor inhibition

10.31234/osf.io/dhptk ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra C Pike ◽

Frida Printzlau ◽

Alexander H. von Lautz ◽

catherine harmer ◽

Mark G. Stokes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Target Location ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Self Report ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Attentional Processes ◽

Distractor Inhibition ◽

Attention Tasks

Mood and anxiety disorders are associated with deficits in attentional control involving emotive and non-emotive stimuli. Current theories focus on impaired attentional inhibition of distracting stimuli in producing these deficits. However, standard attention tasks struggle to separate distractor inhibition from target facilitation. Here, we investigate whether distractor inhibition underlies these deficits using neutral stimuli in a behavioural task specifically designed to tease apart these two attentional processes. Healthy participants performed a four-location Posner cueing paradigm and completed self-report questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. Using regression analyses, we found no relationship between distractor inhibition and mood symptoms or trait anxiety. However, we find a relationship between target facilitation and depression. Specifically, higher depressive symptoms were associated with reduced target facilitation in a task-version in which the target location repeated over a block of trials. We suggest this may relate to findings previously linking depression with deficits in predictive coding in clinical populations.

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Mindfulness as a mediator of the relationship between trait anxiety, attentional control and cognitive failures. A multimodel inference approach

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 62-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tomasz Jankowski ◽

Wacław Bąk

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Multimodel Inference ◽

Cognitive Failures ◽

The Relationship

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Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Social Anxiety and Responses to Stress in Adolescence

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

10.1007/s10802-021-00880-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anke W. Blöte ◽

Anne C. Miers ◽

P. Michiel Westenberg

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Social Stress ◽

Self Report ◽

Time Interval ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Coping Responses ◽

General Anxiety ◽

As Stress ◽

The Relationship

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the relationship between adolescents’ responses to stress and general anxiety and depression, but only few studies addressed the relationship between responses to stress and social anxiety. The current three-wave longitudinal study, that covered a period of 5 years with a time interval of on average two years between waves, examined concurrent as well as prospective relations between adolescents’ self-reported stress responses, including coping responses, and self-perceived social anxiety. Both the predictive power of social anxiety for different stress responses and, reversely, of stress responses for social anxiety were evaluated. Participants were 331 youth (170 boys) aged 9 to 17 years old at Wave 1. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure social anxiety, responses to social stress, and depressive symptoms. Results showed significant concurrent relations between social anxiety and maladaptive stress responses. Moreover, the study yielded evidence for social anxiety predicting stress responses across time as well as stress responses predicting social anxiety, although evidence for the former link is stronger. The findings suggest that a relative lack of adaptive stress responses may heighten social anxiety and social anxiety in turn may trigger maladaptive as well as adaptive responses to social problems. The relevance of these findings for social anxiety prevention and intervention purposes are discussed.

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The Relationships Between Metacognition, Anticipatory Processing, and Social Anxiety

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1017/bec.2015.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 114-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephanos P. Vassilopoulos ◽

Andreas Brouzos ◽

Nicholas J. Moberly

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Thinking Style ◽

Repetitive Thinking ◽

Anticipatory Processing ◽

Social Interaction Anxiety ◽

Interaction Anxiety ◽

The Relationship

Anticipatory processing (AP) is a repetitive thinking style associated with social anxiety that has been understudied relative to other similar constructs (e.g., rumination, worry). The primary goal of this study was the development and evaluation of the Positive Beliefs about Anticipatory Processing Questionnaire (PB-APQ) with a sample of 301 undergraduate students. Further, it was predicted that anticipatory processing would mediate the relationship between positive beliefs about anticipatory processing and social interaction anxiety. The findings from this study suggest that PB-APQ is a valid and reliable construct. Anticipatory processing was shown to partially mediate the relationship between positive beliefs about anticipatory processing and social interaction anxiety. The results provide initial evidence for the suggestion that individuals who tend to hold positive beliefs about anticipatory processing tend to engage in anticipatory processing, which may increase social interaction anxiety.

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The Safety Bias: Risk-Avoidance and Social Anxiety Pathology

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1375/bech.27.1.29 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 29-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Carolyn N. Lorian ◽

Jessica R. Grisham

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Behavioural Inhibition ◽

Global Risk ◽

Risk Avoidance ◽

Bias Risk ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBackground:The pervasive tendency to avoid perceived risks has been recently implicated in the maintenance of anxiety pathology, and more specifically, social phobia. Social anxiety symptoms are thus hypothesised to be associated with a global risk-avoidant decision-making bias.Aim:This study investigated: (1) the relationship between risk-avoidance and social anxiety symptoms using both self-report and behavioural measures of risk-taking; and (2) whether risk-avoidance mediates the relationship between a dispositional vulnerability to anxiety (Behavioural Inhibition System [BIS] sensitivity) and social anxiety symptoms.Method:Fifty-five undergraduate students completed self-report measures assessing for social anxiety symptoms, risk-taking across various domains, and BIS sensitivity. Risk-avoidance was also assessed using a behavioural computer task.Results:As hypothesised, risk-avoidance correlated significantly with both social anxiety and BIS. Multiple regression analyses revealed that risk-avoidance served as a partial mediator between BIS and social anxiety.Conclusion:These results confirm the hypothesised relationship between BIS, risk-avoidance, and social anxiety symptoms. Risk-avoidance is one possible mechanism by which personality characteristics may be linked to anxiety pathology.

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Quantifying Self-Report Measures' Overestimation of Mobility Scores Postarthroplasty

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20100058 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 1288-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Paul W. Stratford ◽

Deborah M. Kennedy ◽

Monica R. Maly ◽

Norma J. MacIntyre

Keyword(s):

Performance Measures ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Important Change ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Self Report ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship

Background Self-reports of function may systematically overestimate the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of systematic differences in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale (WOMAC-PF) scores before and after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) by referencing the values to Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distances and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) times. Design This study was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Methods The LEFS, WOMAC, 6MWT, and TUG were administered to 85 patients prearthroplasty and once at 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Regression analysis was applied using a robust error term for clustered data. With the self-report measures as dependent variables and performance measures, occasion (prearthroplasty or postarthroplasty), and performance measure-by-occasion as independent variables, 3 propositions were examined: (1) the relationship between self-report and performance measures is identical prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty (ie, regression lines are coincident); (2) the relationship differs between occasions, but is consistent (ie, regression lines are parallel); (3) the relationship is not consistent (ie, the regression lines are not parallel). Results For all analyses, the results supported the second proposition (ie, the relationship differed between occasions, but was consistent). The systematic differences varied by location of arthroplasty, but were similar for both performance tests. For the LEFS, the difference was approximately 11 points for patients who received TKA and 13 points for patients who received THA. For the WOMAC-PF, the difference was approximately 12 points for patients who received TKA and 19 points for patients who received THA. These differences exceed the minimal clinically important change for an individual patient. Limitations The findings are specific to 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Conclusion Dependence on scores of self-report measures alone, without knowledge of the magnitude of the identified systematic differences, will result in overestimating the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty.

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Physical Functioning Before and After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Perception and Performance

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20060301 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 712-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Inge van den Akker-Scheek ◽

Wiebren Zijlstra ◽

Johan W Groothoff ◽

Sjoerd K Bulstra ◽

Martin Stevens

Keyword(s):

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Self Report ◽

Total Hip ◽

Pain Subscale ◽

Before And After ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Background and Purpose Self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning in people before and after total hip arthroplasty seem to present different information. The relationship between these different measures is not well understood, and little information is available about changes in this relationship over time. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning before and after total hip arthroplasty, (2) to assess the influence of pain on the relationship, and (3) to determine whether the relationship changes over time. Subjects and Methods Seventy-five subjects admitted for total hip arthroplasty were included and examined before and 6 and 26 weeks after surgery. The relationships between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical functioning subscale and walking speed and gait variability were examined by use of generalized estimating equations, which included interactions with time and the WOMAC pain subscale. Results The relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning was poor. Pain appeared to have a considerable influence on self-reported physical functioning. The relationship did not appear to change over time. Discussion and Conclusion The influence of pain on self-reported physical functioning serves as an explanation for the poor relationship between self-reported and performance-based physical functioning. When using a self-report measure such as the WOMAC, one should realize that it does not seem to assess the separate constructs—physical functioning and pain—that are claimed to be measured.

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