Uterine imaginaries, geopolitical economy, and the maternal/unconscious

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Heidi J Nast
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
Economic Circumstance ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Unconscious Desire

This commentary brings geopolitical economic sensibilities about sexual difference, possession, and the Machine into conversation with Lewis’ cyborgic uterine to make three analytical points. First, transcalar uterine thinking has long existed, seasoned by geopolitical economic circumstance. Uterine thinking in nonmechanized agrarian contexts has circulated primarily through imaginaries of maternal fertility, the material expanse of which exceeds the limits of biological mother and child. The Machine gained authority over the agrarian by feeding off, and replacing, the maternal, of which the uterine is only part. By addressing geopolitical economic difference, Lewis’s analysis would be enriched by an abundance of gestational thinking that operates beyond the Machinic cyborg. My second and related analytical point has to do with how Lewis locates the uterine as a gestational prize that anyone should be able to have; as long as the uterus remains rooted in sexual dimorphism, the male-born body is potentially unfree. Thus, even as she speaks of how gestation need not be contained by a real uterus, she considers its absence in the biological male body a source of potential deprivation that, for freedom’s sake, would best be undone. This undoing would limit the geographical possibilities for queering the maternal. My third point emerges out of the second and has to do with how unconscious desire has historically geographically depended on sexual dimorphism, not the uterus. I’m not sure, but it seems that the interiorized cast of Lewis’ cyborgic uterine makes it difficult to theorize relational attachments—her ‘holding and letting go’.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN, UMUR, DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL IKAN PELANGI ARFAK, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 DI SISTEM SUNGAI PRAFI, MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Manangkalangi ◽  
Simon P.O. Leatemia ◽  
Luky Sembel ◽  
Paskalina T. Lefaan ◽  
Ridwan Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Male Body ◽  
B Values ◽  
Endemic Fish ◽  
First Maturity

ABSTRACTArfak rainbow fish, Melanotaenia arfakensis is an endemic fish on several river systems in the northeastern part of the Vogelkop peninsula. This study aims to describe the growth, age at first maturity, and sexual dimorphism of this endemic fish on the Nimbai Stream and the Aimasi Stream, the Prafi River system. The fish were caught using handnet, then were measured their standard length and individual weight. Data were analyzed to estimated growth patterns, von Bertalanffy's growth rate, age at first maturity and sexual dimorphism characteristics. The results showed that male growth patterns varied, with a tendency of the increase in body length faster than that of body weight (negative allometric patterns) with b values ranging from 2.886 to 3.132. On the other hand, the female individuals had positive allometric patterns (b values ranged from 3.062 to 3.378). The growth rate (K) of male body length was faster (0.165-0.174) than that of female individuals (0.159-0.163). Male individuals reached the first maturity condition earlier (at age of 1.83-2.18 years) than female individuals (at age of 2.49-2.64 years). Sexual characteristics between the sexes are related to body height starting to appear when fish are of a standard length of larger than 18.22 mm or when male fish begin to approach the time of the first sexual maturity. Understanding of growth, age, and the characteristics of the sexual dimorphism of endemic fish has an important meaning in monitoring population conditions and for conservation efforts in their natural habitat.

Dominance style, differences between the sexes and individuals

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte K. Hemelrijk ◽  
Lorenz Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Dominance Style ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Initial Capacity

In recent studies of primates, the question has been raised whether competitive regimes (egalitarian versus despotic) are species-specific or should rather be considered as sex-specific. To study this problem we use an individual-oriented model called DomWorld in which artificial agents are equipped merely to group and compete. In former studies of this model, dominance style appeared to be strongly influenced by the intensity of aggression: by increasing only this intensity of aggression, a great number of the characteristics of an egalitarian society switched to those of a despotic one. Here, we investigate, using DomWorld, a competitive regime of artificial males and females that differ exclusively in their fighting capacity; males having a higher intensity of aggression and a higher initial capacity of winning, such as may be due to a male-biased sexual dimorphism. Unexpectedly it appears that, in the model, even if the intensity of aggression of males is greater than that of females, their hierarchy is still significantly weaker and thus their society less differentiated and more egalitarian than that of females. The explanation is that, due to the higher initial dominance of males (compare larger body size), single events of victory and defeat lead to less differentiation than among females. The greater the sexual difference in initial dominance between the sexes is the more egalitarian the males behave among themselves compared to the behaviour of the females among themselves. These effects are already visible during the initial phases of the hierarchical development. These results resemble findings among primates; in real primates their degree of sexual dimorphism may influence the competitive regime of each sex.

Identification of Odoriferous Compounds from Adults of a Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio machaon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Ômura ◽  
Keiichi Honda ◽  
Nanao Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbon ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Swallowtail Butterfly ◽  
Male Odor

Abstract Adults, particularly males, of a papilionid butterfly, Papilio machaon hippocrates, emit a fairly strong scent perceivable by humans. We have identified a variety of volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and so on) from the wings and bodies of both sexes of the butterfly. Male wings secreted n-dodecane, linalool and geranylacetone as major components together with small amounts of camphene, limonene, p-cymene, 2 -phenylethanol, n-hexanal, n-decanal, isoamyl acetate, p-allylanisole, 2 -pyrrolidone and other characteristic volatiles. The overall profile of volatile compounds detected from male body was quite different from that of the wings. Male body was devoid of camphene, 2-phenyletha-nol, n-hexanal but instead contained limonene, acetoin, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C15H24), methyl n-octanoate, (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal, and another isomer of heptadienal as principal components, of which the last four compounds were specific to the body. All these substances seem to concurrently characterize the male odor. The chemical patterns of com­ pounds found from female wings and body were essentially the same in quality as those of male wings and body, respectively, although their quantities in females were generally smaller than in males. Females, however, had a larger amount of acetamide than males. The chemical compositions of volatiles from the fore and hind wings of males were not greatly different from each other, and every component was considered to be present on all parts of the wings. This suggests that the scent-producing organs or scent-emitting pores are widely distributed on the whole wings. EA G responses of both sexes to 12 selected compounds identified from the butterfly were not strong at a dose of 1 μg, while both sexes showed relatively stronger responses to n-nonanal, methyl n-octanoate, D-limonene and linalool at a higher dose (10 [μg). Although sexual difference in EAG response was not prominent, females appeared a little more sensitive, and n-nonanal and acetoin evoked significantly higher responses from females at 1 μg.

Photogrammetric Analysis of Orolabial Region in South Indians

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Vasanthakumar Packiriswamy ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Mounir Bashour
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
South Indians ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Mouth Width

AbstractIn lip reconstructive surgery, knowledge of orolabial dimensions and position according to ethnicity, age, and gender are important to obtain satisfactory results. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information related to these values in South Indians. The objective of the present study was to quantify the orolabial dimensions and position in South Indians. Evaluation of orolabial features was performed on standardized frontal and lateral of 400 South Indian subjects (200 males and 200 females), aged 18 to 30 years. The measured parameters were evaluated by an independent t-test. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in 12 of 13 measurements. Except upper lip reference to E plane, all other linear measurements such as mouth width, philtrum width, lower lip reference to E plane, upper lip height, cutaneous upper lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous lower lip height, lower lip height, and labiotragial distance were significantly greater in males than females. Angular measurements, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle were significantly greater in females. Clinically significant sexual dimorphism existed for mouth width, labiotragial distance, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle (mean difference > 3 mm). Out of the four orolabial indices, only intercanthal/mouth width indices showed a significant sexual difference. In both sexes, the triangular shape of philtral column was most common. Comparative analysis between South Indians and North American whites revealed significant differences in all measurements and some resemblance to the Han Chinese. The knowledge of the obtained mean values might be useful in the maintenance of the functional and aesthetic quality of this region during surgical planning.

scholarly journals Handicap theory is applied to females but not males in relation to mate choice in the stalk-eyed fly Sphyracephala detrahens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takeda ◽  
Tomoki Furuta ◽  
Masaki Hamada ◽  
Yo Sato ◽  
Kiichiro Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Primitive Species ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Primitive State

AbstractHandicap theory explains that exaggeratedly developed sexual traits become handicaps but serve as honest signals of quality. Because very weak signals are less likely to provide benefits than to simply incur costs, it is interesting to elucidate how sexual traits are generated and developed during evolution. Many stalk-eyed fly species belonging to tribe Diopsini exhibit marked sexual dimorphism in their eye spans, and males with larger eye spans have larger bodies and reproductive capacities, which are more advantageous in terms of contests between males and acceptance for mating by females. In this study, we investigated the role of eye span in a more primitive species, Sphyracephala detrahens, in tribe Sphyracephalini with less pronounced sexual dimorphism. Male-male, female-female, and male–female pairs showed similar contests influenced by eye span, which was correlated with nutrition and reproductive ability in both sexes. During mating, males did not distinguish between sexes and chose individuals with larger eye spans, whereas females did not choose males. However, males with larger eye spans copulated repeatedly. These results indicate that, in this species, eye span with a small sexual difference does not function in sex recognition but affects contest and reproductive outcomes, suggesting the primitive state of sexual dimorphism.

Sexual dimorphism in wolves (Canis lupus) of the Keewatin District, Northwest Territories, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Hillis ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Anterior Body

Twenty-two skeletal, visceral, and adipose parameters were compared in 425 wolves collected from the central Arctic between 1987 and 1989. Fifteen parameters differed significantly by sex. Males were usually larger than females; however, the degree of sexual dimorphism varied with structure. Male skeletal parameters ranged between 3 and 6% greater than those of females, and significant differences were largely associated with the anterior body region and the limbs. Male body mass was 18% and male visceral parameters ranged between 12 and 24% heavier than those of females. Patterns of adipose deposition were also significantly different. Sternum and inguinal fat depths and total external and mesentery fat indices were significantly greater in males (5–44%), while rump fat depth was significantly greater in females (1%). These results support the conclusion that sexual dimorphism in wolves has evolved primarily as a foraging strategy, owing to division of labour between the sexes, and males are more highly specialized for capturing and killing large ungulate prey, while females are more specialized for a nurtural role.

scholarly journals Almodovarian mother figures: early films=Figuras maternas almodovarianas: primeras películas

2021 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Brígida M. Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Life ◽  
Pedro Almodovar ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Mother Figure ◽  
Mother Figures

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In Pedro Almodóvar´s early films, the portrayal of unconventional maternal figures come in varying forms - more than often she (or he) is an unrelated outsider who eventually comes to replace a child’s absent or indifferent biological mother. This study aims to show how Almodóvar's families are formed by accident or necessity regardless of gender, sexuality, fertility, age or class, with the “Mother” figure as the uniting force. We will argue that in Almodóvar’s films the trauma of hostile urban life is often the catalyst for the breakdown of the family bonds, resulting in the search for an alternative mother substitute, while subsequently a return to one’s rural origins is often the key to repairing a damaged relationship between mother and child.</p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>En los primeros filmes de Pedro Almodóvar, sus figuras maternas, alejadas del rol tradicional, destacan por su diversidad; la mayoría de las veces, ella (o él) se revela como un personaje extraño que, eventualmente, reemplaza a la madre biológica ausente o indiferente. Las familias en el cine de Almodóvar se forman accidentalmente o por necesidad, sin que importe el género, la sexualidad, la fertilidad, la edad o la clase, siendo la figura de la “Madre” una fuerza unificadora. Este estudio pretende demostrar que en el cine de Almodóvar el trauma de la vida urbana hostil es a menudo el catalizador de la ruptura de los lazos familiares, desembocando en la búsqueda de “una madre” alternativa, mientras que posteriormente el retorno a los orígenes rurales es a menudo el factor clave para reparar una relación dañada entre madre e hijo.</p>

The Male Body in Medicine and Literature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Southern Gothic ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
Medicine And Literature ◽  
Early Modern Poetry

Investigations of male potency and the ‘ability to perform’ have long been mainstays of social, political and artistic discourse and have provoked spirited and partisan declarations about what it is to be a man. This interdisciplinary collection considers the tensions that have developed between the historical privilege often ascribed to the male and the vulnerability to which his body is prone. Using a variety of historical and literary approaches, the essays in this work consider the critical ways in which medicine’s interactions with literature reveal vital clues about the ways sex, gender and identity are constructed through treatments of a range of pathologies, including deformity, venereal disease, injury, nervousness and sexual difference. The relationships between male medicine and ideals of potency and masculinity are searchingly explored through a range of sources, including African American slave fictions, southern gothic, early modern poetry, Victorian literature and the modern novel.

Paul in Ephesus: Self and Sexual Difference in The Comedy of Errors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Male Body ◽  
The One

This chapter read The Comedy of Errors as a materialist farce that reduces all persons, in language of Ephesians 5, to bodies. In Shakespeare’s Ephesus, the fiction of indistinguishable twins couples with the commodification of personhood to deprive its characters of interiority. The body of Christ, this play summarily suggests, is nothing more than body; it is flesh without inwardness, an outside without an inside. Yet to what degree does the body admit differences in sex and status among its members? To answer this question, this chapter looks to Ephesians 5:28, where Paul enjoins husbands “to love their wives, as their own bodies.” The instruction echoes with a difference the commandment to love one’s neighbour as oneself. In both first-century and Renaissance contexts, the translation of neighbour to body aids in the one-sex disappearance of the female within a male body that is both the husband’s and Christ’s. Shakespeare’s materialist farce nonetheless invites us to read for the return of the repressed neighbour as the undomesticated dimension of the marital self.

Sexual Difference in the Survival Time of Rats Exposed to a Low Ambient Temperature

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. X. Zarrow ◽  
M. E. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Low Ambient Temperature

Mature and immature rats of both sexes were exposed to an ambient temperature of 2 ± 2°C. A marked sexual dimorphism in survival time during exposure to cold first appeared in the rats at the age of 60 days and comparable results were obtained with rats at 120 days of age. In both instances the females survived for a much longer period in the cold than the male. Castration had no effect in the female but increased survival time in the male. Pretreatment with daily doses of 0.1 µg of estradiol had no effect while testosterone propionate at dosages of 1 and 5 mg decreased survival time.

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