scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732094199
Author(s):  
Maryam Kavousi ◽  
Charlotta Pisinger ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthelemy ◽  
Delphine De Smedt ◽  
Konstantinos Koskinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
European Association ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
The Impact

Background Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless. Discussion The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator’s regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence. Conclusion This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.

Potential cardiovascular implications of electronic cigarettes: how evident is the evidence?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee H Liew
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Additional Strain

Abstract With increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) worldwide, both leisurely and as a smoking cessation aid, the potential health implications of e-cigarettes have generated concerns. Poor oral health associated with e-cigarette use may put additional strain on cardiovascular health. Acute effects of e-cigarette exposure on cardiovascular health are well established. Few studies have demonstrated the long-term cardiovascular implications of using e-cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes may pose less of a threat to vascular function compared to tobacco cigarettes. While further research is necessary for strengthening the available evidence base, the use of e-cigarettes beyond supporting smoking cessation should not be encouraged.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk of electronic cigarettes: a review of preclinical and clinical studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D Buchanan ◽  
Jacob A Grimmer ◽  
Vineeta Tanwar ◽  
Neill Schwieterman ◽  
Peter J Mohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cigarette smoking is the most preventable risk factor related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tobacco usage has declined in recent years; however, the use of alternative nicotine delivery methods, particularly e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially despite limited data on their short- and long-term safety and efficacy. Due to their unique properties, the impact of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular physiology is not fully known. Here, we summarize both preclinical and clinical data extracted from short- and long-term studies on the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use. Current findings support that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco smoke. However, the data are primarily derived from acute studies. The impact of chronic e-cigarette exposure is essentially unstudied. To explore the uniqueness of e-cigarettes, we contemplate the cardiovascular effects of individual e-cigarette constituents. Overall, data suggest that exposure to e-cigarettes could be a potential cardiovascular health concern. Further preclinical research and randomized trials are needed to expand basic and clinical investigations before considering e-cigarettes safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.

scholarly journals A 7-month inhalation toxicology study in C57BL/6 mice demonstrates reduced pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes following smoking cessation or switching to e-vapor products

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732199587
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Ulrike Kogel ◽  
Marja Talikka ◽  
Celine Merg ◽  
Emmanuel Guedj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
Product Switching ◽  
The Impact

Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases, including lung cancer, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. While cessation remains the most effective approach to minimize smoking-related disease, alternative non-combustible tobacco-derived nicotine-containing products may reduce disease risks among those unable or unwilling to quit. E-vapor aerosols typically contain significantly lower levels of smoke-related harmful and potentially harmful constituents; however, health risks of long-term inhalation exposures are unknown. We designed a 7-month inhalation study in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate long-term respiratory toxicity of e-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke and to assess the impact of smoking cessation (Cessation group) or switching to an e-vapor product (Switching group) after 3 months of exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). There were no significant changes in in-life observations (body weights, clinical signs) in e-vapor groups compared to the Sham Control. The 3R4F CS group showed reduced respiratory function during exposure and had lower body weight and showed transient signs of distress post-exposure. Following 7 months of exposure, e-vapor aerosols resulted in no or minimal increase in pulmonary inflammation, while exposure to 3R4F CS led to impairment of lung function and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes. Biological changes observed in the Switching group were similar to the Cessation group. 3R4F CS exposure dysregulated the lung and nasal tissue transcriptome, while these molecular effects were substantially lower in the e-vapor group. Results from this study demonstrate that in comparison with 3R4F CS, e-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses including pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes, and that complete switching from CS to e-vapor products significantly reduces biological changes associated with CS in C57BL/6 mice.

scholarly journals Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i90-i95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Lin Zhuang ◽  
Sharon E Cummins ◽  
Jessica Y Sun ◽  
Shu-Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cigarette Use

The Ethics of e-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Global Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Cristian I. Meghea ◽  
◽  
Oana Blaga ◽  
Marina Dascal ◽  
Teodora Fratila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

"Tobacco smoking is especially harmful for women because, in addition to its effects on mortality and morbidity, it negatively impacts pregnancy, reproductive, and health of the offspring. Data from our work in Romania revealed that pregnant tobacco smokers are seeking information and clinical advice related to e-cigarette use as a tobacco cessation approach. E-cigarette use increased rapidly in the recent years in the US and in other countries, including LMICs. The tobacco control field is deeply divided on how to respond to the increase in e-cigarette use. Additional evidence on the ethical issues related to e-cigarette use and tobacco cessation will inform our mHealth and other pregnancy tobacco cessation interventions and will guide future tobacco control policy direction. The objective of this study is to identify ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarette use for tobacco cessation during pregnancy among pregnant smokers, their life partners, medical professionals, and other stakeholders. We will interview (N=20) and conduct two focus groups with women who smoke (one focus group, N=10) and women who quit during pregnancy (one focus group, N=10); interview life partners (N=10) of such women; interview ObGyn physicians (N=10) and nurses (N=10); and interview (N=10) and conduct one focus group (N=10) with perinatal educators. Other relevant stakeholders will be also interviewed including the leadership of 2035 Tobacco Free Romania, the national Stop Smoking program, the Pure Air consortium, the Romanian Pneumology Society, the SAMAS NGO focused on maternal and child health and rights, and others. With respect to expected outcomes, the proposed application is anticipated to advance understanding of the smokers’ and other stakeholders’ ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarettes use for tobacco smoking cessation. The in-depth new knowledge will have a positive impact on the cessation of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoking and will inform future tobacco control policy directions. Results will be available and will be presented at the time of the conference. This work is based on research partly funded through six NIH-funded projects (grant no. K01TW009654, R21TW010896, 5R21TW010896-02S1, 5R21TW010896-02S2, 1R21HD103039-0, 1R25TW010518-01A1). "

scholarly journals Change and Continuity in Vaping and Smoking by Young People: A Qualitative Case Study of a Friendship Group

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKeganey ◽  
Marina Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Friendship Group ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Substantial Change

This paper explores as a case study the development of e-cigarette use and smoking within small friendship group (n=8) in Glasgow, Scotland. Interviewed twice at six months apart these 16/17 year olds reported substantial change in their use of and attitudes towards e-cigarettes and tobacco. At time 1 vaping generated much excitement and interest, with 6/8 having their own vape device. At time 2 only two young people still vaped, with the others no longer professing any interest in continued vaping. The two regular smokers, who had been smoking before they first vaped, now only vaped privately and to reduce their tobacco intake. This small case study illustrates plasticity in the use of electronic cigarettes; just as young people can initiate using these devices so too can they more away from their use- with such changes in actual use occurring within a relatively short period of time. These findings demonstrate more than anything else the volatility in young peoples’ substance use behaviour. If we are to better understand these behaviours we require both quantitative and qualitative research studies that are capable of both monitoring changes in individual and group behaviour over time but which are also able to elucidate the nuance of individual behaviour differentiating between long term, frequent, consistent use and more episodic, experimental and infrequent use by young people.

scholarly journals A pre-test post-test assessment of non-invasive keratograph break up time and corneal epithelial thickness after vaping

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2926-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Munsamy ◽  
Bhavna Bhanprakash ◽  
Amina Sirkhot ◽  
Lufun Mlambo ◽  
Samukelisiwe Dlamuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Test Assessment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Impact

Background: The effects of electronic cigarettes on the ocular surface has yet to be shown. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of e-cigarette use on the anterior corneal surface integrity.Methods: Forty three males and 21 females with an average of 21years were required to vape 0.05ml of e-liquid of 8mg nicotine concentration. Corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and Non Invasive Keratograph Tear Break up Time (NIKBUT) measurements were obtained prior to and post vaping. The Optovue iVue optical coherence topographer was used to measure central; superior; inferior; nasal and temporal CET and NIKBUT was assessed using the Oculus Keratograph 5M.Results: There was a mean increase for central corneal epithelial thickness of 0.3448 microns. The superior CET increased by 0.2414 microns. The inferior CET increased by 0.2931microns. The nasal CET increased by 0.2069 microns. The temporal CET increased by 0.2759 microns. The mean change in NIKBUT post-vaping was an increase of 1.40 seconds. All observations occurred at p > 0.05.Conclusion: The acute effect of e-cigarette use does not impact corneal epithelial thickness and non-invasive keratography tear break up time after 10 puffs mild exposure but more research is needed to assess if this remains the case with more frequent, higher exposure.Keywords: Pre-test post-test assessment, non-invasive keratograph breakup time, corneal epithelial thickness, vaping.

The impact of psychosocial characteristics in predicting smoking cessation in long-term cancer survivors: A time-to-event analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2458-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael R. Symes ◽  
J. Lee Westmaas ◽  
Deborah K. Mayer ◽  
Marcella H. Boynton ◽  
Kurt M. Ribisl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Effects of electronic cigarettes and hookah (waterpipe) use on home air quality

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056437
Author(s):  
Jenni A Shearston ◽  
James Eazor ◽  
Lily Lee ◽  
M J Ruzmyn Vilcassim ◽  
Taylor A Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Waterpipe Use

IntroductionA major site of secondhand smoke exposure for children and adults is the home. Few studies have evaluated the impact of e-cigarette or hookah use on home air quality, despite evidence finding toxic chemicals in secondhand e-cigarette aerosols and hookah smoke. We assessed the effect of e-cigarette and hookah use on home air quality and compared it with air quality in homes where cigarettes were smoked and where no smoking or e-cigarette use occurred.MethodsNon-smoking homes and homes where e-cigarettes, hookah or cigarettes were used were recruited in the New York City area (n=57) from 2015 to 2019. Particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), black carbon and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured during a smoking or vaping session, both in a ‘primary’ smoking room and in an adjacent ‘secondary’ room where no smoking or vaping occurred. Log transformed data were compared with postanalysis of variance Tukey simultaneous tests.ResultsUse of hookah significantly increased PM2.5 levels compared with non-smoking homes, in both the primary and secondary rooms, while use of e-cigarettes increased PM2.5 levels only in primary rooms. Additionally, in-home use of hookah resulted in greater CO concentrations than the use of cigarettes in primary rooms.ConclusionsUse of e-cigarettes or hookah increases air pollution in homes. For hookah, increases in PM2.5 penetrated even into rooms adjacent to where smoking occurs. Extending smoke-free rules inside homes to include e-cigarette and hookah products is needed to protect household members and visitors from passive exposure to harmful aerosols and gases.

E-cigarettes and vaping – a panacea or a bane to smoking in current times?

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622095009
Author(s):  
Guna Kanniah ◽  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Soumil Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The World

Objective: Use of electronic cigarettes has increased across the world in the last decade with heavy investment from the tobacco industry targeting younger population through well-designed marketing campaigns portraying e-cigarettes as harmless, less addictive and effective in smoking cessation while delivering higher nicotine concentration. The safety profile of e-cigarettes is reviewed in this paper. Conclusions: The safety of e-cigarettes and the chemicals they contain have not been evaluated rigorously. Emerging data suggest e-cigarette use could do severe harm. People with serious mental illness, already the highest nicotine consumers, could be exploited by the tobacco industry.

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