scholarly journals Medical treatment options for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Delang ◽  
Johan Neyts
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed to respond to the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Both antiviral drugs and immunomodulators might have their place in the management of coronavirus disease 2019. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved yet to treat infections with human coronaviruses. As it will take years to develop new therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current focus is on the repurposing of drugs that have been approved or are in development for other conditions. Several clinical trials have already been conducted or are currently ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of such drugs. Here, we discuss the potential of these therapies for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals Updated Approaches against SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou Li ◽  
Yunjiao Zhou ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Haizhou Wang ◽  
Qiu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Adequate Evidence

ABSTRACT Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lies behind the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in virology, epidemiology, and clinical management strategies. However, no anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug or vaccine has been officially approved due to the absence of adequate evidence. Scientists are racing to develop a treatment for COVID-19. Recent studies have revealed many attractive therapeutic options, even if some of them remain to be further confirmed in rigorous preclinical models and clinical trials. In this minireview, we aim to summarize the updated potential approaches against SARS-CoV-2. We emphasize that further efforts are warranted to develop the safest and most effective approach.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Clinical Trials in a Pandemic: Immediate Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Spitzer ◽  
Ben Ren ◽  
Jasper J Brugts ◽  
Joost Daemen ◽  
Eugene McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Research Personnel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Therapies

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and by 24 April 2020, it had affected >2.73 million people in 185 countries and caused >192,000 deaths. Despite diverse societal measures to reduce transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, such as implementing social distancing, quarantine, curfews and total lockdowns, its control remains challenging. Healthcare practitioners are at the frontline of defence against the virus, with increasing institutional and governmental supports. Nevertheless, new or ongoing clinical trials, not related to the disease itself, remain important for the development of new therapies, and require interactions among patients, clinicians and research personnel, which is challenging, given isolation measures. In this article, the authors summarise the acute effects and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on current cardiovascular trials.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Why is it so lethal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Anika Tursa Promi ◽  
Sanzida Islam Bristi ◽  
Farhana Akhter ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Public Health Threat

COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dreadful mass public health threat for more than a year. An array of clinical trials with repurposed and repositioned drugs as well as with the candidate vaccines are being conducted with the aim of mitigation of COVID-19. While a few antiviral drugs and several candidate vaccines showed satisfactory results in the clinical trials, the side effects after vaccination and the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants appear as a major challenge for the scientists. Present review focused on the possible reasons behind the lethality of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 19 antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Liu ◽  
Christopher Z. Lien ◽  
Prabhuanand Selvaraj ◽  
Tony T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic

AbstractThe global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) has prompted multiple clinical trials to jumpstart search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies from existing drugs, including those with reported in vitro efficacies as well as those ones that are not known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, such as ritonavir/lopinavir and favilavir. Here we report that after screening 19 antiviral drugs that are either in clinical trials or with proposed activity against SARS-CoV-2, remdesivir was the most effective. Chloroquine only effectively protected virus-induced cytopathic effect at around 30 µM with a therapeutic index of 1.5. Our findings also suggest that velpatasvir, ledipasvir, ritonavir, litonavir, lopinavir, favilavir, sofosbuvir, danoprevir, and pocapavir do not have direct antiviral effect.

scholarly journals Is LDL apheresis a thing of the past?

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
M Vally ◽  
R Khan ◽  
A Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
New Therapies

Patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia have a high lifetime risk for developing cardiovascular disease. These patients are traditionally treated with high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. Some patients are refractory to treatment and cannot achieve a desirable reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). LDL apheresis or lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is a radical treatment which involves the intermittent extracorporeal removal of atherogenic apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins from the systemic circulation. The procedure requires the use of highly specialised equipment and is carried out under medical supervision for patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia, refractory to treatment with high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. The advent of targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and gene silencing therapies, offer treatment options that could replace LA for these patients. Large scale clinical trials for the PCSK inhibitors evolocumab and alirocumab show favourable outcomes in terms of lipid lowering, with a 50% to 60% improvement in baseline LDL-C levels. This suggests that these therapies could reduce the need for LA in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. This review describes the main clinical trials for the PCSK inhibitors and discusses the place of these therapies in the management of severe hypercholesterolaemia. While these new therapies show promise as an effective option for lowering LDL-C levels in patients refractory to conventional treatment and have added benefits of ease of administration and compliance to treatment, long-term safety data is still needed. Favourable safety data could relegate the use of LA for a select few patients who may not tolerate the new therapies.

scholarly journals Basic Coronavirus biology and vaccines for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
Katherine LaTourrette ◽  
Mayra Teresa Garcia-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

<p><em>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</em> (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines based on the spike protein S have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration. Antibody-based diagnostic test detect antibodies developed against protein S. Mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 might compromise the precision of diagnostic tests and the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs. We recently profiled genomic variation in human coronaviruses SARS[1]CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and <em>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</em> (MERS-CoV). As in all species of the genus Betacoronavirus, the genome is hyper variable, and mutations are not random. The most variable cistron codes for the spike S protein. Hyper variation in protein S has the potential to affect the efficacy of vaccines, the reliability of antibody-based diagnostic test, and predicts potential for repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we review the basics of coronavirus biology and genomic variation, and link them to diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral drugs.</p>

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccination: an attempt to control the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Sabiha Armin ◽  
Anisa Wakil ◽  
James Tarbox ◽  
Kenneth Iwuji
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Access

Background: Since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 was discovered in December 2019, there have been tireless efforts by the medical and scientific community to understand its pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. Discussion: In the last several months, several therapeutic treatments, including a corticosteroid, antiviral drugs, convalescent plasma, and several others, have been tried in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with varying results. Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines recently received approval for Emergency Use Authorization. Although COVID-19 vaccine is the first hurdle in an attempt to control the pandemic, the following challenges still remain: adequate vaccine doses, issues with mass distribution, global access, proper storage, and sufficient vaccine compliance. Summary: Vaccination, in addition to social distancing and wearing facemasks, will likely provide the best way to control the COVID pandemic. Healthcare professionals and government officials will need to address any concern or hesitancy the community has with the COVID vaccine to promote compliance. Keywords: coronavirus therapeutics, herd immunity, coronavirus vaccine, vaccine targets, clinical trials

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of COVID-19 treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Zeinab Afshar ◽  
Arefeh Babazadeh ◽  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Mohammad Barary ◽  
Vasigala Rekha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Plasma Transfusion ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus strain that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This novel coronavirus is an emerging global health threat. It caused approximately 140 million confirmed cases, with about 3 million deaths worldwide until April 18, 2021. Although there are two approved medications for this disease, remdesivir and dexamethasone, numerous studies are underway to investigate more therapeutic options. However, so far, most treatments have been supportive, and the clinical efficacy of the suggested drugs is still under consideration. The purpose of this review is to summarize the ongoing treatments, such as several antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and adjunctive medications, with the intent of serving as a clinical guide for the physician and a resource for further evaluations in various clinical trials.

Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Syntheses, Mechanism of Infection and Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subha Sankar Paul ◽  
Goutam Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Clinical Trial Results

: COVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern. Although, considerable knowledge has been acquired with time about the viral mechanism of infection and mode of replication, yet no specific drugs or vaccines have been discovered against SARS-CoV-2, till date. There are few small molecule antiviral drugs like Remdesivir and Favipiravir which have shown promising results in different advanced stage of clinical trials. Chloroquinine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Lopinavir-Ritonavir combination, although initially was hypothesized to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, are now discontinued from the solidarity clinical trials. This review provides a brief description of their chemical syntheses along with their mode of action and clinical trial results available in Google and different peer reviewed journals till 24th October 2020.

scholarly journals Therapeutic clinical trials to combat COVID-19 pandemic in India: analysis from trial registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Batta ◽  
Raj Khirasaria ◽  
Vinod Kapoor ◽  
Deepansh Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Trial Registry ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Microsoft Office

AbstractObjectivesWith the emergence of Novel corona virus, hunt for finding a preventive and therapeutic treatment options has already begun at a rapid pace with faster clinical development programs. The present study was carried out to give an insight of therapeutic interventional trials registered under clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) for COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAll trials registered under CTRI were evaluated using keyword “COVID” from its inception till 9th June 2020. Out of which, therapeutic interventional studies were chosen for further analysis. Following information was collected for each trial: type of therapeutic intervention (preventive/therapeutic), treatment given, no. of centers (single center/multicentric), type of institution (government/private), study design (randomized/single-blinded/double-blinded) and sponsors (Government/private). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used for tabulation and analysis.ResultsThe search yielded total of 205 trials, out of which, 127 (62%) trials were interventional trials. Out of these, 71 (56%) were AYUSH interventions, 36 (28.3%) tested drugs, 9 (7%) tested a nondrug intervention, rest were nutraceuticals and vaccines. About 66 (56%) were therapeutic trials. Majority were single-centered trials, i.e. 87 (73.7%). Trials were government funded in 57 (48.3%) studies. Majority were randomized controlled trials, i.e. 67 (56.8%). AYUSH preparations included AYUSH-64, Arsenic Album, SamshamaniVati etc.ConclusionsThe number of therapeutic interventional clinical trials was fair in India. A clear-cut need exists for an increase in both quantity and quality of clinical trials for COVID-19. Drug repurposing approach in all systems of medicine can facilitate prompt clinical decisions at lower costs than de novo drug development.

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