scholarly journals Measuring ‘self’: preliminary validation of a short form of the Self Experiences Questionnaire in people with chronic pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 204946372199486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Whitney Scott ◽  
Rupert Goodman ◽  
Lizzie Driscoll ◽  
Lance M McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Pain Management

Background: People with chronic pain often struggle with their sense of self and this can adversely impact their functioning and well-being. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy particularly includes a process related to this struggle with self. A measure for this process, the Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), was previously developed in people with chronic pain. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to validate a shorter version of the SEQ in people with chronic pain to reduce respondent burden and facilitate further research. Methods: Data from 477 participants attending an interdisciplinary pain management programme were included. Participants completed measures of treatment processes (self-as-context, pain acceptance, cognitive fusion and committed action) and outcomes (pain, pain interference, work and social adjustment and depression) at baseline and post-treatment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for item reduction. Correlations between scores from the shorter SEQ and other process and outcome variables were calculated to examine validity. Change scores of the shorter SEQ and their correlations with changes in outcome variables were examined for responsiveness. Results: An eight-item SEQ (SEQ-8) scale including two factors, namely Self-as-Distinction and Self-as-Observer, emerged, demonstrating good reliability (Cronbach’s α = .87–.90) and validity (|r| = .14–.52). Scores from SEQ-8 significantly improved after the treatment (d = .15–21), and these improvements correlated with improvements in most outcomes. Conclusions: The SEQ-8 appears to be a reliable and valid measure of self. This shorter format may facilitate intensive longitudinal investigation into sense of self and functioning and well-being.

scholarly journals Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e012671
Author(s):  
Brian W Slattery ◽  
Laura L O’Connor ◽  
Stephanie Haugh ◽  
Katie Barrett ◽  
Kady Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment

IntroductionMultimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic health conditions within one person, where no one condition is primary. Research suggests that multimorbidity is highly correlated with chronic pain, which is pain lasting longer than 3 months. Psychotherapeutic interventions for people living with chronic illness have resulted in reduced symptom reporting and improved psychological well-being. There is a dearth of research, however, using online psychotherapy for people living with multimorbidity where chronic pain is a central condition. This study will compare the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention with a waiting list control condition in terms of improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reducing levels of pain interference in people with chronic pain and at least one other condition.Methods and analysis192 adult participants with non-malignant pain that persists for at least 3 months and at least one other medically diagnosed condition will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo an eight-session internet-delivered ACT programme over an 8-week period. A waiting list group will be offered the ACT intervention after the 3-month follow-up period. HRQoL and pain interference will act as the primary outcomes. Data will be analysed using a linear mixed model and adjusted to account for demographic and clinical variables as necessary. A Study Within a Trial will be incorporated to examine the effect on recruitment and retention of showing participants an animated educational video.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via peer reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.Trial registration numberISRCTN22343024.

Psychometric evaluation of the Client-Centered Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ) in a large sample of German rehabilitation patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Körner ◽  
Hanna Dangel ◽  
Anne Plewnia ◽  
Julia Haller ◽  
Markus A Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

Objective: Structural analysis of the German translation of the “Client-Centered Rehabilitation Questionnaire” (CCRQ). Design: Cross-sectional multicenter study. Setting: Ten inpatient rehabilitation centers in Germany. Subjects: The CCRQ was completed by patients in the ten rehabilitation centers. Main measures: The psychometric analysis of the CCRQ was conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The CCRQ was completed by 496 patients (average age: 59 years; 59.7% women). The CCRQ’s 7-factor structure could not be confirmed. Factor analysis showed that the three latent constructs “decision-making/communication”, “self-management/empowerment”, and “psychosocial well-being” (60.73% variance explained) adequately represent patient-centeredness in medical rehabilitation assessed by the CCRQ. The scales possess good reliability (Cronbach’s α = .83 to .87) and convergent criterion validity (r = 0.48 to 0.68). The three-factorial model exhibited good local and global data fit (RMSEA: 0.063, CFI 0.962, TLI 0.954) and proved to have a better data fit than concurring models (e.g. a model assuming an underlying factor). Conclusions: A validated short form of the Client-Centered Rehabilitation Questionnaire, CCRQ-15, could be identified. Three scales based on 15 items allow assessing the key aspects of patient-centeredness in German medical rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Self-worth and bonding emotions are related to well-being in health-care providers: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Weilenmann ◽  
Ulrich Schnyder ◽  
Nina Keller ◽  
Claudio Corda ◽  
Tobias R. Spiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Worth

Abstract Background Interacting with patients can elicit a myriad of emotions in health-care providers. This may result in satisfaction or put providers at risk for stress-related conditions such as burnout. The present study attempted to identify emotions that promote provider well-being. Following eudaimonic models of well-being, we tested whether certain types of emotions that reflect fulfilment of basic needs (self-worth, bonding with patients) rather than positive emotions in general (as suggested by hedonic models) are linked to well-being. Specifically, we hypothesized that well-being is associated with positive emotions directed at the self, which reflect self-worth, and positive as well as negative emotions (e.g., worry) directed at the patient, which reflect bonding. However, we expected positive emotions directed at an object/situation (e.g., curiosity for a treatment) to be unrelated to well-being, because they do not reflect fulfilment of basic needs. Methods Fifty eight physicians, nurses, and psychotherapists participated in the study. First, in qualitative interviews, they reported their emotions directed at the self, the patient, or an object/situation during distressing interactions with patients. These emotions were categorised into positive emotions directed towards the self, the patient, and an object/situation, and negative emotions directed towards the patient that reflect bonding. Second, providers completed questionnaires to assess their hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The well-being scores of providers who did and did not experience these emotions were compared. Results Providers who experienced positive emotions directed towards the self or the patient had higher well-being than those who did not. Moreover, for the first time, we found evidence for higher well-being in providers reporting negative patient-directed emotions during distressing interactions. There was no difference between providers who did and did not experience positive object/situation-directed emotions. Conclusions These findings may point towards the importance of “eudaimonic” emotions rather than just positive emotions in interactions with patients. Emotions such as contentment with oneself, joy for the patient’s improvement, and, notably, grief or worry for the patient may build a sense of self-worth and strengthen bonding with the patient. This may explain their association with provider well-being.

Validation of a Finnish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (Finn-FIQ)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarno Gauffin ◽  
Tiina Hankama ◽  
Hannu Kautiainen ◽  
Marja Arkela-Kautiainen ◽  
Pekka Hannonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

AbstractBackground and purposeFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome, which affects up to 5% of the general population. The aetiology of FM is unclear. The lack of specific diagnostic laboratory tests or imaging options combined with the severe burden on both patients and society caused by the FM syndrome demands the development of valid instruments able to measure the current health status of the FM patients. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is the most widely used of these instruments. Our objective was to translate the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) into Finnish and evaluate its validity in Finnish speaking FM patients.MethodsFIQ was translated by two bilingual researchers into the Finnish version (Finn-FIQ) and linked to the categories of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Finn-FIQ was administered to 162 patients who had prior fibromyalgia diagnoses M79.0 according to ICD-10 year 2006 version. They also filled in the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Rand 36-item Health Survey (RAND-36), the Beck Depression Inventory IA (BDIIA), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ), and they assessed their general well-being on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale while attending a clinical check-up visit. Internal consistency was estimated according to Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify related items and to show construct validity. Correlation coefficients were calculated by the Spearman method.ResultsFrom the 162 participants 153 were female and 9 male, 119 (73%) had an active job or were students, 21 (13%) were unemployed, 16 (10%) were retired and 6 (4%) were on sick leave.The mean age was 47 years. The internal consistency value (95% CI) was 0.90 for the overall Finn-FIQ. The factor analysis performed for construct analysis showed that Finn-FIQ was loaded on 4 factors. These factors were loaded on components of ICF and explained 69% of total variance. Significant correlations were obtained between patients own assessments of general well-being and Finn-FIQ total score (r = 0.64 [95% CI 0.53–0.73]) and also between Finn-FIQ total score and HAQ total score (r = 0.56 [95% CI 0.44–0.66]). Finn-FIQ questions had significant correlations with RAND-36 domains.ConclusionFinn-FIQ is a valid and feasible instrument to mirror the functioning of FM patients according to its internal consistency, correlation to general well-being, convergent validity and response rate. It covers the main components of the ICF framework hence reflecting the whole spectrum of functioning.ImplicationsIn our study Finn-FIQ was proven as a valid instrument with Finnish speaking FM patients. Original FIQ and other validated translations have already confirmed their place in fibromyalgia research. After this study Finnish fibromyalgia research can be included in those using the best-known instrument in validated form and native language. Current study showed also Finn-FIQ’s ability to measure functioning of the FM patients, and it had good applicability among Finnish speaking patients. Therefore it can be recommended also for monitoring individual FM patients and their functioning for example during different treatment trials.

scholarly journals Autobiographical Meaning Making Protects the Sense of Self-Continuity Past Forced Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Camia ◽  
Rida Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Personal Experiences

Forced migration changes people’s lives and their sense of self-continuity fundamentally. One memory-based mechanism to protect the sense of self-continuity and psychological well-being is autobiographical meaning making, enabling individuals to explain change in personality and life by connecting personal experiences and other distant parts of life to the self and its development. Aiming to replicate and extend prior research, the current study investigated whether autobiographical meaning making has the potential to support the sense of self-continuity in refugees. We therefore collected life narratives from 31 refugees that were coded for autobiographical reasoning, self-event connections, and global narrative coherence. In line with prior research, results suggest that autobiographical meaning making relates to a higher sense of self-continuity and less psychological distress. Yet, if refugees experienced many continuing postdisplacement stressors in addition to their forced displacement, autobiographical meaning making was associated with higher self-discontinuity and greater psychological distress, especially with trauma-related symptoms such as memory intrusion and hyperarousal. Altogether, results indicate that autobiographical meaning making helps to compensate the effects of extreme biographical disruptions on the sense of self-continuity, as long as the stress caused by the biographical change is not overwhelming or too protracted.

scholarly journals The “self” in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Eric S. Vilsmark ◽  
Jeungchan Lee ◽  
Michael Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one’s identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. Results A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one’s self-concept.

scholarly journals Quality of life, acceptance, and chronic pain - A treatment study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Positive Treatment

Recent data on treatment of chronic pain indicates that acceptance of pain is an important treatment target, highly correlated with outcomes in pain-anxiety, depression and disability. This study is a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a brief psychotherapy intervention, based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), compared to a passive and an active control group (N=90). The treatment begun and ended with an individual session and had two group sessions in between. Outcome data at 3-month follow-up (N=56) showed no significant differences between the groups with regard to acceptance of pain, subjective well-being and health care utilization. Attrition caused impaired statistical power, but effect sizes indicate positive treatment effects. Regression analysis shows that acceptance of pain is able to predict subjective well-being, supporting earlier findings.

scholarly journals The Development and Validation Of The Islamic Gratitude Scale (IGS-10)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rusdi ◽  
Sakinah Sakinah ◽  
Putri Nilam Bachry ◽  
Novia Anindhita ◽  
Muflihah Azahra Iska Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Body Self

There were not many adequate instruments to measure gratitude for the Indonesian people, especially the Muslim community. The purpose of this study is to develop the Islamic Gratitude Scale (IGS-10) by conducted an adequate set of tests. A total of 1218 respondents from students and workers participated on this study. This study found that the Islamic Gratitude Scale (IGS-10) has a good reliability (α= 0.863), good content validity and good factorial validity. The exploratory factor analysis found that IGS-10 has two factors, extrinsic gratitude (α= 0.845) and intrinsic gratitude (α= 0.761). Several sets of correlation tests found that IGS-10 has a good convergent validity, IGS-10 correlates with the Gratitude Questionerre (GQ-6), Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Scale - Short Form (GRAT-SF), and gratitude toward God. Furthermore, IGS-10 correlated with Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scale (MBSRQ - US), and subjective well-being. This finding indicated that IGS-10 has a good cirterion-related validity. But unfortunately, IGS-10 did not correlate with Adolescents’ Self-concept Short Scale (ASCSS), optimism scale (LOT-R) and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). IGS-10 was associated with Social Desirability Scale (SDS) with low correlation. To develop this scale the next process that can be done is norming, so that the IGS-10 will become a scale that can be used widely and more convincingly.

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