scholarly journals Novel therapeutic strategies for degenerative disc disease: Review of cell biology and intervertebral disc cell therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211876167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Fernandez-Moure ◽  
Caitlyn A Moore ◽  
Keemberly Kim ◽  
Azim Karim ◽  
Kevin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Disc Disease

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a disease of the discs connecting adjoining vertebrae in which structural damage leads to loss of disc integrity. Degeneration of the disc can be a normal process of ageing, but can also be precipitated by other factors. Literature has made substantial progress in understanding the biological basis of intervertebral disc, which is reviewed here. Current medical and surgical management strategies have shortcomings that do not lend promise to be effective solutions in the coming years. With advances in understanding the cell biology and characteristics of the intervertebral disc at the molecular and cellular level that have been made, alternative strategies for addressing disc pathology can be discovered. A brief overview of the anatomic, cellular, and molecular structure of the intervertebral disc is provided as well as cellular and molecular pathophysiology surrounding intervertebral disc degeneration. Potential therapeutic strategies involving stem cell, protein, and genetic therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration are further discussed.

Genetic aspects of intervertebral disc degeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hanaei ◽  
Sina Abdollahzade ◽  
Alireza Khoshnevisan ◽  
Christopher K. Kepler ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Common Causes

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the common causes of low back pain. Similar to many other multifactorial diseases, it is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Although not completely understood, genetic factors include a wide spectrum of variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, which could play a significant role in the etiology of this disease. Besides, the interactions with environmental factors could make the role of genetic factors more complicated. Genetic variations in disc components could participate in developing degenerative disc disease through altering the normal homeostasis of discs. Gene polymorphisms in disc proteins (collagens I, II, III, IX, and XI), proteoglycans (aggrecan), cytokines (interleukins I, VI, and X), enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases II, III, and IX), and vitamin D receptor seem to play considerable roles in the pathology of this disease. There are also many other investigated genes that could somehow take part in the process. However, it seems that more studies are needed to clarify the exact role of genetics in IVDD.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL MARKERS OF DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION OF THE HUMAN INTERVERTEBRAL DISK

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
MANUELA PELETTI-FIGUEIRÓ ◽  
ISRAEL SILVEIRA DE AGUIAR ◽  
SUELEN PAESI ◽  
DENISE CANTARELLI MACHADO ◽  
SERGIO ECHEVERRIGARAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Disc Disease ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease ◽  
Degenerative Disc ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Safranin O

ABSTRACT Objective: To define histological scores for intervertebral disc degeneration that would enable the definition of morphological characteristics of disease, besides improving knowledge of the lumbar degenerative disc disease by means of immunohistochemical markers. Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian/PAS, Masson Trichrome and Safranin O/FCF staining was used on the intervertebral disc degeneration sections of patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. The protein markers defined in immunohistochemistry were cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (p53). Results: The study data enabled the determination of Safranin O/FCF stain as the most effective one for evaluating parameters such as area, diameter, and number of chondrocyte clusters. The importance of using stains in association, such as Safranin O/FCF, Masson Trichrome, Alcian/PAS and Hematoxylin and Eosin, was also determined, as they are complementary for the histopathological verification of intervertebral disc degeneration. By expressing proteins using the immunohistochemistry technique, it was possible to consider two stages of disc degeneration: cell proliferation with chondrocyte cluster formation, and induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: This study enabled the histological and immunohistochemical characterization to be determined for lumbar degenerative disc disease, and its degrees of evolution, by determining new disc degeneration scores.

scholarly journals Stem Cells and Exosomes: New Therapies for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2241
Author(s):  
Zoe Krut ◽  
Gadi Pelled ◽  
Dan Gazit ◽  
Zulma Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Symptomatic Disease

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, excessive oxidative stress and inflammation. Degeneration of the IVD occurs naturally with age, but mechanical trauma, lifestyle factors and certain genetic abnormalities can increase the likelihood of symptomatic disease progression. IVDD, often referred to as degenerative disc disease (DDD), poses an increasingly substantial financial burden due to the aging population and increasing incidence of obesity in the United States. Current treatments for IVDD include pharmacological and surgical interventions, but these lack the ability to stop the progression of disease and restore the functionality of the IVD. Biological therapies have been evaluated but show varying degrees of efficacy in reversing disc degeneration long-term. Stem cell-based therapies have shown promising results in the regeneration of the IVD, but face both biological and ethical limitations. Exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication, and stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to maintain the therapeutic benefit of their origin cells without the associated risks. This review highlights the current state of research on the use of stem-cell derived exosomes in the treatment of IVDD.

scholarly journals Cell Senescence: A Nonnegligible Cell State under Survival Stress in Pathology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuang Zhang ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
Jingkai Wang ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Kesi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

The intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) with increasing aging mainly manifests as low back pain (LBP) accompanied with a loss of physical ability. These pathological processes can be preliminarily interpreted as a series of changes at cellular level. In addition to cell death, disc cells enter into the stagnation with dysfunction and deteriorate tissue microenvironment in degenerative discs, which is recognized as cell senescence. During aging, many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been proved to have strong connections with these cellular senescence phenomena. Growing evidences of these connections require us to gather up critical cues from potential risk factors to pathogenesis and relative interventions for retarding cell senescence and attenuating degenerative changes. In this paper, we try to clarify another important cell state apart from cell death in IDD and discuss senescence-associated changes in cells and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we emphasize the role of oxidative stress and epigenomic perturbations in linking risk factors to cell senescence in the onset of IDD. Further, we summarize the current interventions targeting senescent cells that may exert the benefits of antidegeneration in IDD.

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION LINKED TO STRUCTURAL GENE VARIATIONS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeeda Baig
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
English Language ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Lumbar Disc Degeneration

During the recent past focus has shifted from identifying intervertebral disc degeneration as being caused by physical exposure and strain to being linked with a variety of genetic variations. The objective of this review is to provide an up to date review of the existing research data regarding the relation of intervertebral disc degeneration to structural protein genes and their polymorphisms and thus help clearly establish further avenues where research into causation and treatment is needed. A comprehensive search using the keywords “Collagen”, “COL”, “Aggrecan”, “AGC”, “IVDD”, “intervertebral disc degeneration”, and “lumbar disc degeneration” from PubMed and Google Scholar, where literature in the English language was selected spanning from 1991 to 2019. There are many genes involved in the production of structural components of an intervertebral disc. The issues in production of these components involve the over-expression or under-expression of their genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms and variable number of tandem repeats affecting their structures. These structural genes include primarily the collagen and the aggrecan genes. While genetic and environmental factors all come into play with a disease process like disc degeneration, the bulk of research now shows the significantly larger impact of hereditary over exposure. While further research is needed into some of the lesser studied genes linked to IVDD and also the racial variations in genetic makeup, the focus in the near future should be on establishment of genetic testing to identify individuals at greater risk of disease and deliberation regarding the use of gene therapy to prevent disc degeneration.

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