scholarly journals Reliability of ultrasound elastography for the quantification of transversus abdominis elasticity

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 205846011560342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Hirayama ◽  
Ryota Akagi ◽  
Hideyuki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Internal Oblique

Background The transversus abdominis (TrA), which is considered to be involved in controlling spinal stability, is covered by two muscles (i.e. the external and internal oblique muscles) as well as subcutaneous fat. Therefore, there were doubts about whether it was possible to perform highly reliable measurements of muscle elasticity. Purpose To investigate the reliability of ultrasound elastography for the quantification of elasticity of the TrA. Material and Methods A skilled and an unskilled operator of ultrasound elastography measured TrA elasticity in 10 healthy men (age, 24 ± 4 years; height, 172.0 ± 5.2 cm; weight, 72.3 ± 12.0 kg) in the supine position. The tests were repeated six times; of the six measured values, a group of four measurements showing the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) was adopted and the mean values were used for further analysis. This procedure was repeated twice on each participant on two different days. Results The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between days for skilled and unskilled operators were 0.86 ( P < 0.00) and 0.59 ( P = 0.02), respectively, and the CVs were 8.7% and 13.8%, respectively. The ICCs between operators and CVs were in the range of 0.56–0.57 ( P = 0.02–0.03) and 13.5–15.5%, respectively. No systematic error was found for any comparison. Conclusion The reliabilities of the skilled and unskilled operators were high and moderate, respectively.

scholarly journals The quality of pork ham - tissue yield depending on individual factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Cedomir Radovic ◽  
Marija Gogic ◽  
Nenad Parunovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
Radomir Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue ◽  
Sire Breed

The study included the progeny of three boar-sires breeds (SL - Swedish Landrace; LW - Large White and P - Pietrain). A total of 201 progeny of both sexes (93 female and 108 male castrated animals), originating from 16 boar-sires, were tested. The study included the progeny of 10 SL boar-sires (sires nuRWer: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17 and 18), progeny of 3 LW sires (sires nuRWer: 4, 5 and 6) and 3 P boar-sires (sires nuRWer 14, 19 and 20), born in four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Studies have shown that, with an mean weight of a warm carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest mean values for ham weight (RW; 10.456 kg), mass of intermuscular fatty tissue (RINT; 0.477 kg), ham bone (RB; 0.837 kg) and muscle tissue RMT, 7,939 kg) have progeny of the sires of Pietrain breed (P) compared to SL and LW sires. In comparison to animals sired by SL and LW boars, the progeny of P sires had less skin and subcutaneous fat tissue (RSFT) by 30 and 549 grams. Studies have shown that we have progeny of sires 7 and 9 of SL breed which have the lowest LSMean values for the yield of skin and subcutaneous fat tissue (869 and 876 g), which is below the mean for breed by 364 and 357 g. In addition, when it comes to intermuscular fatty tissue, the lowest established value was recorded in the progeny of sire no. 8 of SL breed (182 g), which is by 220 g less than the general mean and by 132 g below the mean of the sire breed. The animals originating from sires n. 19 and 20 showed the highest weight of muscle tissue (RMT) (8.489 and 8.118 kg) in the ham, which is by 2.853 and 2.482 kg more meat compared to the progeny of sire no. 5 of LW breed. The total weight of the ham and the ham muscle yield were influenced by (P <0.01 and P <0.001) sire breed, sires within the breed, gender and season of birth. A very significant (P <0.001) influence of the weight of warm carcass sides on the ham weight and tissue yield was determined.

Function–Structure Correlation Studies on Excised Hamster Lungs in Papain-induced Emphysema

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Martorana ◽  
N. W. McKeel ◽  
J. W. Richard ◽  
N. N. Share
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
High Prediction ◽  
Mean Linear Intercept ◽  
Structure Correlation ◽  
The Mean

Emphysematous lesions induced by a single exposure of hamsters to papain aerosol were evaluated both physiologically (lung elastic recoil) and histologically (mean linear intercept). The extent of the developed lesions was directly related to the concentration of papain employed, and progressed with time following exposure. Histological evaluation was most sensitive for quantitation of minimal lesions; an approximate 20% increase of the mean linear intercept being required for significant functional changes. Maximal mean increase of the mean linear intercept compatible with survival was approximately 75%. Using raw data values, all functional tests exhibited high correlation coefficients (r) with histological evaluation, but prediction efficiencies (r2) were below a practically acceptable value of 75%. However, using group mean values, thereby reducing individual biological variations, higher correlation coefficients as well as high prediction efficiencies were obtained for all functional tests with histological evaluation. In this regard, best prediction efficiencies were obtained for the functional specific static compliance and specific volume at full inflation versus the morphological mean linear intercept.

scholarly journals A Further Note on Correlation Coefficients Derived From Cumulative Distributions

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (63) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
David P. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Series ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis paper elaborates on the note by Andrews and others (1971). It demonstrates that one may obtain any arbitrary value of r between two series of observations by adjusting the mean values of the two series before cumulating them. A computer simulation is used to illustrate the behavior of random Normal series cumulated under varying conditions.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Mortality and Radon Concentration in a Chronically Exposed Neighborhood in Chihuahua, Mexico: A Geospatial Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio R. Hinojosa de la Garza ◽  
Luz H. Sanín ◽  
María Elena Montero Cabrera ◽  
Korina Ivette Serrano Ramirez ◽  
Enrique Martínez Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Radon Concentrations

This study correlated lung cancer (LC) mortality with statistical data obtained from government public databases. In order to asses a relationship between LC deaths and radon accumulation in dwellings, indoor radon concentrations were measured with passive detectors randomly distributed in Chihuahua City. Kriging (K) and Inverse-Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial interpolations were carried out. Deaths were georeferenced and Moran’sIcorrelation coefficients were calculated. The mean values (overn=171) of the interpolation of radon concentrations of deceased’s dwellings were 247.8 and 217.1 Bq/m3, for K and IDW, respectively. Through the Moran’sIvalues obtained, correspondingly equal to 0.56 and 0.61, it was evident that LC mortality was directly associated with locations with high levels of radon, considering a stable population for more than 25 years, suggesting spatial clustering of LC deaths due to indoor radon concentrations.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of shellfish and evaluation of compact dry EC for detecting total coliforms and Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vásquez García ◽  
S.H. Gomes de Sá ◽  
G. de Sousa Silva ◽  
J.E. Mejia Ballesteros ◽  
E. Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters and mussels grown in Cananéia, Brazil, by analysing mesophiles, psychrothophic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., and to compare the efficiency of Compact Dry EC method and the conventional method for counting of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The microbial analysis showed that the mean values of mesophilic counts were 3.14±0.81 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.92±0.90 for mussels; the mean values of psychrophilic counts were 2.78±0.75 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.22±0.75 log CFU g−1 for mussels; the mean values of mould and yeast counts were 3.70±0.58 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.33±0.81 log CFU g−1 for mussels. Salmonella spp. did not present positive results, and the maximal count of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.7 log CFU g−1, therefore, within the limits established in the legislation. The correlation coefficients between the Compact Dry EC method and conventional method were >0.87 for total coliform and E. coli counts for both types of shellfish. The data in this study show that the Compact Dry EC method is an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in shellfish.

scholarly journals Which Plosive Consonant Is More Useful for the Aerodynamic Analysis of Pathologic Voice?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Yong Tae Hong ◽  
Phan Huu Ngoc Minh ◽  
Ki Hwan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Aerodynamic Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Objectives. Both acoustic and aerodynamic analyses are essential to evaluate the phonetic characteristics of voice pathology. The purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of their correlation with the different types of bilabial plosive consonants.Methods. A controlled prospective study of 35 patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was performed. The sustained vowel /a/ and bilabial voiceless consonants were used. Three common acoustic parameters were measured from a sustained vowel /a/ and aerodynamic parameters from a set of syllables /pi/, /p<sup>h</sup>i/, and /p’i/. We determined the correlation coefficients between acoustic and aerodynamic measurements for the bilabial plosive consonants /pi/, /p<sup>h</sup>i/, and /p’i/.Results. The mean values of acoustic parameters were higher than the thresholds of pathology. The mean values of aerodynamic parameters varied according to the types of consonants. The correlation between acoustic and aerodynamic parameters was significantly larger with the consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/. The magnitudes of correlation were higher with the consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ compared with the consonants /p’/ and /p/.Conclusion. The plosive consonant /p<sup>h</sup>i/ may represent a more valuable investigative consonant than the consonants /p/ or /p’/ for aerodynamic analysis of voice pathology, especially in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

The reliability of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110300
Author(s):  
Anette Enemark Larsen ◽  
Sonja Wehberg ◽  
Jeanette R Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽  
Danish Version ◽  
Performance Issues

Introduction This study aims to assess the reliability of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Method 151 clients, 42.4% male, mean age 66.9 years ( SD: 14.4, range: 16–90), from two hospitals and two rehabilitation centres were interviewed twice with the COPM over a ten-day mean interval ( SD: 4.9, range: 2–27) either by the same (intra-rater) or two different occupational therapists (inter-rater). Data were analysed with intra-class correlation coefficients, coefficient of repeatability, and Bland–Altman plots. Results 823 occupational performance issues were prioritized of which 41%, 338 occupational performance issues (95% CI: 37.7–44.5), were mentioned in both interviews. The intra-class correlation coefficients were 59.8 (95% CI-intra-class correlation coefficients: 49.3–69.5) (COPM), 73.5 (95% CI intra-class correlation coefficients: 65.5-80.2) (COPM-Performance), and 71.8 (95% CI intra-class correlation coefficients: 63.4–78.8) (COPM-Satisfaction). The limits of agreement were −2.83 to 3.05 for the COPM-Performance and −3.50–3.53 for the COPM-Satisfaction. The COPM-Importance scores were highest when obtained by two raters, but opposite for the scores of the COPM-Performance and COPM-Satisfaction. The coefficient of repeatability roughly showed a change in +/- three points (COPM-Importance: 2.67; COPM-Performance: 2.94; and COPM-Satisfaction: 3.52). Correspondingly, Bland–Altman plots showed limits of agreement for the mean values of −2.71 and 3.53, respectively. Conclusions The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the COPM were moderate across settings, clients and rater experiences.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements at the Radius and Tibia in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Szabo ◽  
Colin E. Webber ◽  
Christopher Gordon ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Richard Tozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Purpose The objectives of this study were to utilise the XCT-2000 pQCT scanner to determine the mean values and the reproducibility of in vivo total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone measurements at distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius and the tibia, as well as calf muscle and subcutaneous fat areas, in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-nine women (14 premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal) were recruited to participate in this study. Distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius (at 4% and 20% of the length of the radius) and tibia (at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the length of the tibia) were examined. Results The root mean square coefficient of variation for measurements at the distal tibia gave the most favorable reproducibility values for total (1.5%) and trabecular (1.6%) density, whereas the diaphyseal tibia showed the most favorable reproducibility value for cortical density (0.3%). The root mean square coefficients of variation for measurements of muscle and fat cross-sectional areas at the calf were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively. At the distal tibia, the mean values for total ( P < .05) and trabecular ( P < .01) density were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that XCT-2000 pQCT scans at the tibia provide highly reproducible measurements of total, cortical, and trabecular bone as well as muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, significant differences in volumetric bone measurements between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women were evident only at the distal tibia, suggesting that this site warrants further study.

scholarly journals Methodological Criteria for Scoring Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency Tasks

Psico-USF ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Becker ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe an adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the methodological criteria for analysis of clustering and switching in semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) tasks. The adaptation process consisted of six steps, including the selection of the clustering and switching variables based on data from a sample of 419 children and the analysis of inter-rater reliability (six raters). The following variables were scored: the total number of words generated the raw number of clusters, the mean cluster size, and the raw number of switches. There was a significant association between raters (intra-class correlation coefficients between 0.95 and 0.99), showing that the analytical method was reliable. Our study provides an evaluation of SVF and PVF tasks that goes beyond the overall score, making it possible to investigate the cognitive processes underlying this neuropsychological function.

scholarly journals On the salinity of the surface waters of the Irish Sea

1946 ◽  
Vol 239 (812) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Irish Sea

This paper contains a discussion of the observations on the salinity of the surface waters of the Irish Sea, which have been made by a number of authorities from the year 1905 until the end of 1939. Its objects are: (1) To put on record the chief variations of the salinity in the central part of the sea during the whole period of observation. (2) To calculate grand mean values of the characteristics of the salinity and of its seasonal variation for stations distributed over the whole area of the sea. (3) To investigate the degree of correlation between the salinities at pairs of stations, and to find for what time-differences the coefficients of correlation attain maximum values. (4) To investigate the degrees of correlation between the salinities at different stations and the rainfall and barometric gradients; and to find the time-lags which correspond to maximum correlation coefficients. (5) To obtain from the correlation coefficients such indications as they may afford of the mean currents of the sea. For the first and second of the above objects all the observations have been used, but the correlation coefficients given are based on the series of observations which began in 1934. Many correlation coefficients based on the earlier series have been evaluated, but they showed little concordance among themselves and were often in disagreement with those of the later series.

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