scholarly journals Muscle volume evaluation using 3DCT for congenital clubfoot

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 205846012110620
Author(s):  
Masataka Kakihana ◽  
Yuki Tochigi ◽  
Satoru Ozeki ◽  
Tetsuya Jinno
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Fibular Head ◽  
Congenital Clubfoot ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Side Ratio ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Calf Muscles

Background In congenital clubfoot, the lower leg is very thin and the calf muscles are hypoplasic. However, there are few studies reporting real muscle volume. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assay the muscle volume in congenital clubfoot using 3DCT and to quantify the degree of the hypoplasia. Material and methods From January 2015 to December 2016, nine consecutive patients, seven male and two female, with unilateral congenital clubfeet were recruited for CT scans. Axial transverse sectional CT scans were acquired from the delineation of the fibular head to the tibial plafond. From the data, we rendered the entire muscle in 3D for muscle volume assay, and further segmented the posterior musculature for comparison between the normal and affected sides. Results The whole muscle volume on the normal side was 291.23 cm3 (181.23–593.49) and that on the affected side was 225.08 cm3 (120.71–429.08), for an affected side to normal side ratio of 0.79 (0.72–0.9), which was significantly smaller ( p < .01). Posterior muscle volume on the normal side was 175.81 cm3 (103.72–376.32) and that on the affected side was 106.52 cm3 (58.3–188.39). The ratio of posterior muscle to whole muscle on the normal side was 0.62 (0.46–0.75), and that on the affected side was 0.48 (0.4–0.55), such that the affected side was significantly smaller ( p < .01) Conclusion This study contributes quantitative data supporting the longstanding observations that the posterior calf muscles are significantly smaller on the affected side compared to the normal side in congenital clubfoot, and further underscores the importance of the extending the excursion of these muscles.

Lower Leg High-Intensity Resistance Training and Peripheral Hemodynamic Adaptations

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Bond Jr. ◽  
Arthur T. Johnson ◽  
Paul Vaccaro ◽  
Paul Wang ◽  
Richard G. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Calf Muscles ◽  
Blood Flow Limitation

High-intensity resistance (HIR) training has been associated with muscle hypertrophy and decreased microvascular density that might produce a blood flow limitation. The effect of HIR training on lower leg maximal blood flow and minimum vascular resistance (Rmin) during reactive hyperemia were investigated in 7 healthy males. The gastrocnemius-soleus muscles of one leg were trained using maximal isokinetic concentric contractions for 4 weeks; the nontrained leg was the control. Lower leg blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Lower leg muscle volume was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Peak isokinetic torque increased in both the trained (T) and nontrained (NT) legs (p <.05). Lower leg muscle volume increased by 2% in the T leg only (p <.05). In the T leg, maximal blood flow decreased and Rmin increased (p <.05); no hemodynamic change was detected in the NT leg. It is concluded that HIR training of the calf muscles is associated with a decrease in hyperemia-induced blood flow; thereby, indicating a blood flow limitation to the calf muscles. Key words: Isokinetic strength training, reactive hyperemia

scholarly journals Scaling of maximal oxygen uptake by lower leg muscle volume in boys and men

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Alan Barker ◽  
Jeanette M. Thom ◽  
Christopher I. Morse ◽  
Marco V. Narici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Leg Muscle

The aim of this study was to critically examine the influence of body size on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) in boys and men using body mass (BM), estimated fat-free mass (FFM), and estimated lower leg muscle volume (Vol) as the separate scaling variables. V̇o2 max and an in vivo measurement of Vol were assessed in 15 boys and 14 men. The FFM was estimated after percentage body fat had been predicted from population-specific skinfold measurements. By using nonlinear allometric modeling, common body size exponents for BM, FFM, and Vol were calculated. The point estimates for the size exponent (95% confidence interval) from the separate allometric models were: BM 0.79 (0.53–1.06), FFM 1.00 (0.78–1.22), and Vol 0.64 (0.40–0.88). For the boys, substantial residual size correlations were observed for V̇o2 max/BM0.79 and V̇o2 max/FFM1.00, indicating that these variables did not correctly partition out the influence of body size. In contrast, scaling by Vol0.64 led to no residual size correlation in boys or men. Scaling by BM is confounded by heterogeneity of body composition and potentially substantial differences in the mass exponent between boys and men. The FFM is precluded as an index of involved musculature because Vol did not represent a constant proportion of FFM [Vol∝FFM1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.77)] in the boys (unlike the men). We conclude that Vol, as an indicator of the involved muscle mass, is the most valid allometric denominator for the scaling of V̇o2 max in a sample of boys and men heterogeneous for body size and composition.

Position of the Distal Fibular Fragment in Pronation and Supination Ankle Fractures: A CT Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris W. Tang ◽  
Nikolaos Roidis ◽  
Suketu Vaishnav ◽  
Anand Patel ◽  
David B. Thordarson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Proximal Fragment ◽  
Fracture Fragment ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Fibular Fracture

Background: Although classically the fibula has been reported to be in external rotation after supination-external rotation (SER) or pronation-external rotation (PER) ankle fractures, a previous CT study demonstrated that what had traditionally been interpreted as external rotation of the distal fibular fracture fragment is actually internal rotation of the proximal fibular fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of CT scans in patients who have suffered type IV SER or PER ankle fractures to assess the rotational deformity of the fibular fragment. Materials and Methods: CT scans of the injured and uninjured extremities were performed on 30 extremities which had sustained either SER (21) or PER (9) injuries. The rotational relationship between the tibia and fibula was determined by a measured rotational ratio. A qualitative assessment of the rotational relationship between the tibia and fibula above, at, and below the fracture site at the level of the mortise was also performed. The difference in the ratio (calculated by subtracting the rotation ratio of the normal side from the fracture side) demonstrated whether the fractured fibula is externally or internally rotated compared to the uninjured side. Results: The average rotational ratio difference above the fracture compared to below the fracture for the SER group demonstrated significant external rotation ( p < .001). The PER fracture also demonstrated external rotation of the distal fragment compared to the proximal fragment ( p = .002). Additionally, qualitative assessment of the relationship demonstrated no obvious change in the rotational relationship in any patient above the fracture site except one where mild internal rotation of the proximal fragment was noted. However, at the level of the mortise, all had a normal talofibular rotational relationship while 24 of 30 had widening of the medial clear space with external rotation clearly evident on 15 of these 24 scans. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the distal fibular fragment in both SER and PER fractures is externally rotated relative to both the contralateral normal side and compared to the proximal fibular fragment.

Acupuncture and Rehabilitation (III) Effects of Acupuncture Applied to the Normal Side on Osteoarthritis Deformans and Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee and on Disorders in Motility of the Knee Joint after Cerebral Hemorrhage and Thrombosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Arichi ◽  
Hideko Arichi ◽  
Shizuo Toda
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Affected Side

In osteoarthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee and in disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis, acupuncture was applied to the normal side at the symmetrical part to the leison and flection-extension exercise and massage on the affected joint were carried out as rehabilitation (Reha) during the time the needles were used. A most remarkable cure rate was obtained in osteoarthritis deformans of the knee when treated with acupuncture on the normal side and flection-extension exercise and massage on the affected part. The cure rate was low in rheumatoid arthritis, and the therapy was non-effective concerning disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis. The improvement rate, however, was extremely low in ostearthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee after the acupuncture on the affected part of the affected side with Reha on the affected part of the affected side, or Reha on the leison, and these means of therapy were completely non-effective concerning disorders in motility after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis. Our previous reports No. 1 and 2 accord with the evidence obtained in this study that the acupuncture on the normal side and Reha on the affected part of the affected side produced most remarkable effect in osteoarthritis deformans of the knee. The low improvement rate in rheumatoid arthritis and non-effectiveness concerning disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis may be explained by differences in morphology of the diseases.

Magnetic resonance imaging with k-means clustering objectively measures whole muscle volume compartments in sarcopenia/cancer cachexia

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Gray ◽  
Thomas J. MacGillivray ◽  
Clare Eeley ◽  
Nathan A. Stephens ◽  
Ian Beggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Whole Muscle

Trigeminal Sensory Evoked Potentials in Patients with Trigeminal Neurinoma: Report of Two Cases

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Takayasu ◽  
Masato Shibuya ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Tsutomu Harada ◽  
Masahiko Kanamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Trigeminal Neurinoma ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Preoperative Examination

Abstract The trigeminal sensory evoked potentials (TEPs) in two patients with trigeminal neurinoma are reported. In contrast to the two cases previously reported by others, in which the preoperative TEPs were normal, the two cases reported herein showed significant changes on the affected side: (a) the sensory thresholds were greater and (b) the peak latencies of P19and N28were longer on the affected side than those on the normal side. Our results confirm that a TEP measurement is very useful in a preoperative examination of patients with trigeminal neurinoma, when the function of the trigeminal nerve should be evaluated objectively.

Histochemistry of the Triceps Surae Muscle in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Maffulli ◽  
Giovanni Capasso ◽  
Vittorino Testa ◽  
Luigi Borrelli
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Density ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Idiopathic Clubfoot ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Congenital Clubfoot ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Type I Fibers ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The histochemical composition of the triceps surae muscle was investigated in 13 previously unoperated children (age 9–24 months) with unilateral idiopathic clubfoot. On both the normal and the affected side, the percentage of type I fibers was significantly higher than that of the other fiber types. The muscle biopsies from the clubfoot side showed an increase in their connective tissue content. The affected side showed a nonsignificant higher percentage of type I fibers, whereas the average capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio were significantly lower.

scholarly journals The validity of anthropometric leg muscle volume estimation across a wide spectrum: From able-bodied adults to individuals with a spinal cord injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenael Layec ◽  
Massimo Venturelli ◽  
Eun-Kee Jeong ◽  
Russell S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cord Injury

The assessment of muscle volume, and changes over time, have significant clinical and research-related implications. Methods to assess muscle volume vary from simple and inexpensive to complex and expensive. Therefore this study sought to examine the validity of muscle volume estimated simply by anthropometry compared with the more complex proton magnetic resonance imaging (1H-MRI) across a wide spectrum of individuals including those with a spinal cord injury (SCI), a group recognized to exhibit significant muscle atrophy. Accordingly, muscle volume of the thigh and lower leg of eight subjects with a SCI and eight able-bodied subjects (controls) was determined by anthropometry and 1H-MRI. With either method, muscle volumes were significantly lower in the SCI compared with the controls ( P < 0.05) and, using pooled data from both groups, anthropometric measurements of muscle volume were strongly correlated to the values assessed by 1H-MRI in both the thigh (r2 = 0.89; P < 0.05) and lower leg (r2 = 0.98; P < 0.05). However, the anthropometric approach systematically overestimated muscle volume compared with 1H-MRI in both the thigh (mean bias = 2407cm3) and the lower (mean bias = 170 cm3) leg. Thus with an appropriate correction for this systemic overestimation, muscle volume estimated from anthropometric measurements is a valid approach and provides acceptable accuracy across a spectrum of adults with normal muscle mass to a SCI and severe muscle atrophy. In practical terms this study provides the formulas that add validity to the already simple and inexpensive anthropometric approach to assess muscle volume in clinical and research settings.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES ON AFFECTED AND NON-AFFECTED SIDE IN THE PATIENTS OF SCIATICA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MIlind Nisargandha ◽  
Shweta Parwe ◽  
Sharadchandra Wankhede ◽  
Vijay Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction ◽  
Normal Side ◽  
Affected Side

Background: Sciatic neuropathy is the one of the most common neuropathies of the lower extremities. Low-back pain (LBP) is a major health problem around the world and a major cause of medical expenses, absenteeism and disability. Although LBP is usually a self-limiting and benign condition that tends to improve spontaneously over time, a large variety of therapeutic interventions is available for treatment. Sciatica can result when the nerve roots in the lower spine are irritated or compressed. The aim of the study was to observe the effect of nerve conduction velocity in sciatica subjects. Method and materials: In this study we involved the participants either sexes; aged >21 years; treatment for LBP; in the acute, sub-acute or chronic phases, with sciatica. Patients were selected on the basis of routine clinical examination and complaint with pain during walking. The selected Patients initially send for Nerve conduction investigation in the department of Physiology. Nerve conduction study was done on RMS EMG EP Mark-II. The sites of stimulation for Sciatic nerves were ankle and at or below popliteal fossa and recording site were motor point of Extensor digitorum brevis and Abductor Hallucis respectively. Reference electrode was placed 4 cm distally over 4th metatarsophalangeal joint. Ground electrode was placed between stimulating and recording electrodes. Recording surface disc electrode was placed below lateral malleolus of ankle for sural nerve. Result: The mean value of latency was 3.152 + 0. 255 in normal side and it was 2.876 + 0.4002 on the affected side which was significantly decreased. Motor nerve conduction Velocity in the normal side was 51.27 + 3.98 and the Motor nerve conduction Velocity of sciatic patient was 47.34 + 5.659 on the affected side decreased significantly. Conclusion: In this study we concluded that, this will be helpful for the early detection of demyelination as well as it may be helpful for the detection of nerve injuries in the patient of sciatica.

scholarly journals Cosmetic Reconstruction of Frontotemporal Depression Using Polyethylene Implant after Pterional Craniotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang Hyuk Im ◽  
Jongkeun Song ◽  
Sang Kyu Park ◽  
Eun Young Rha ◽  
Young-Min Han
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Porous Polyethylene ◽  
Pterional Craniotomy ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. Pterional craniotomy is a useful approach for the treatment of a variety of intracranial pathologies. However, it can result in temporal hollowing, which causes significant craniomaxillofacial asymmetry and esthetic deformity. The present study was performed to determine the postoperative outcomes of patients following frontotemporal depression reconstruction using a high-density porous polyethylene (HDPE) implant (Medpor®; Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) after pterional craniotomy.Materials and Methods. The patients had undergone reconstruction of frontotemporal depression using Medpor® implants after pterional craniotomy at our medical institution during the period from February 2010 to March 2014. We evaluated the thickness and volume of both the temporalis muscle and Medpor® implant through a retrospective review of the medical records and computed tomography (CT) scans of 92 patients.Results. The mean temporalis muscle thickness ratio (muscle thickness of the affected side/nonaffected side) was 0.61 ± 0.16. The mean reconstructed temporalis muscle thickness ratio (muscle and Medpor® implant thickness of affected side/muscle thickness of nonaffected side) was 1.15 ± 0.02. The mean temporalis muscle volume ratio (muscle volume of affected side/nonaffected side) was 0.67 ± 0.02. The mean reconstructed temporalis muscle volume ratio (muscle and Medpor® implant volume of affected side/muscle volume of nonaffected side) was 1.18 ± 0.02.Conclusions. Temporalis muscle thickness and volume were significantly decreased on the affected side after pterional craniotomy. Reconstruction of frontotemporal lesions using Medpor® implants after the pterional approach improved temporal hollowing without additional complications.

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