Correction notice to Concussion in cricket: Clinical findings using Sport Concussion Assessment Tool and recovery timeframes

Objectives To retrospectively review data of concussed and non-concussed elite cricket athletes following head impact to describe which clinical features on the day of injury are associated with concussion diagnosis. A secondary aim was to describe the recovery time of concussed athletes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods This study reviewed five seasons of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) data and clinical records for elite male and female cricket athletes who sustained a head impact during a cricket match or training. Results Data from 30 concussed and 37 non-concussed athletes were compared. Symptoms of ‘don’t feel right’ and ‘feeling slowed down’ had the strongest clinical utility for a concussion diagnosis post head impact. Concussed athletes reported a significantly lower ‘percent of normal’ (median 60%, IQR 60–90%) compared to athletes who sustained a non-concussive head impact (median 99%, IQR 95–100%, p = 0.003). No other component of the SCAT distinguished concussed from non-concussed athletes on day of injury. Concussed athletes typically experienced symptom resolution within 2–8 days and completed a graded return to play protocol within 4–14 days. No differences in SCAT findings or recovery times were observed between genders. Conclusion The SCAT may be used as a clinical tool to assist in diagnosis of concussionin elite cricket athletes. The components of the SCAT with the greatest clinical utility on day of injury were athlete-reported symptoms and ‘percent of normal’. Concussed cricket athletes typically complete their graded return to play protocol within 14 days however individualised management is paramount.

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Effects of exercise on symptoms, cognitive and motor performance tasks using the sport concussion assessment tool (SCAT2) in healthy young adults and children

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2012-092101.27 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. e1.20-e1

Author(s):

Nour Boutros ◽

Mary Catherine Norcia ◽

Jamila Sammouda ◽

Chi-Lan Tran ◽

Isabelle Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Performance Tasks ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Adults And Children

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Optimizing Components of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool for Acute Concussion Assessment

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyaa150_s034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S34-S34

Author(s):

Gian-Gabriel P Garcia ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Mariel S Lavieri ◽

Thomas W McAllister ◽

Michael A McCrea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Sport Concussion

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B-51 Impact of Resilience on Symptoms and Mood during Recovery in Adolescents and Young Adults Following Sports-Related Concussion

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 997-997

Author(s):

T Meredith-Duliba ◽

S Bunt ◽

N Didehbani ◽

S Miller ◽

J Straub ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Initial Visit ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Symptom Evaluation ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Patient Health ◽

Stressful Experience

Abstract Objective It is unclear how resilience, the ability to “bounce back” from a stressful experience, is associated with recovery following a sport-related concussion (SRC). The aim of this project is to assess how resilience is related to symptoms following SRC. Method Participants (N = 353) aged 12-25 were evaluated within 30 days of injury at clinics in the ConTex Concussion Registry. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 symptom evaluation, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 Item (PHQ-8) were administered at initial visit and at three-months. BRS scores were used to place subjects into low (n = 40), average (n = 214), and high (n = 99) resilience groups, with a 2 (time) by 3 (group) repeated measures ANOVA to compare symptom scales. Results At initial visit subjects with low resilience reported higher GAD-7 [F (2,308) = 3.95, p = .02; 95% C.I. 5.19, 7.64] and PHQ-8 [F (2,311) = 4.40, p = .01; 95% C.I. 4.76, 7.47] scores compared to average and high resilience samples and demonstrated significant interaction effects with time. Subjects with low resilience also endorsed more initial SCAT5 symptoms [F (2,350) = 3.69, p = .026, 95% C.I. 10.99, 14.18] but showed no interaction with time. Conclusion Findings suggest that resilience may influence mood (anxiety & depression) initially and during SRC recovery. Consideration of resilience as a pre-injury factor may be important in SRC research.

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Clinical Utility of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Tandem-Gait Test in High School Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.26 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 1096-1100 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ashley Santo ◽

Robert C. Lynall ◽

Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽

Jason P. Mihalik

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Test Score ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Passing Rate ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Healthy Participants ◽

Tandem Gait

Context: Dynamic balance during functional movement may provide important clinical information after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 3 (SCAT3), includes a timed tandem-gait test (heel-to-toe walking) administered with a pass-fail scoring system. Minimal evidence supports inclusion of the tandem-gait test in the SCAT3, especially in high school athletes. Objective: To determine (1) the percentage of healthy high school athletes who passed (best trial ≤14 seconds) the tandem-gait test at baseline, (2) the association between sex and test performance (pass versus fail), and (3) the relationships among sex, age, height, and tandem-gait test score. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: High school sports medicine center. Patients or Other Participants: Two hundred athletes from 4 high schools (age = 15.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.3 ± 10.3 cm, weight = 64.8 ± 14.5 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s): Healthy participants completed 4 trials of the SCAT3 tandem-gait test and a demographic questionnaire. Outcome measures were passing rate at baseline on the tandem-gait test and tandem-gait test score (time). Results: Overall, 24.5% (49/200) of participants passed the test. Sex and performance were associated (χ2 = 15.15, P < .001), with a passing rate of 38.6% (32/83) for males and 14.5% (17/117) for females. The regression model including predictor variables of sex and height, with the outcome variable of tandem-gait test score and time, was significant (R2 = 0.20, P < .01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the tandem-gait test had a high false-positive rate in high school athletes. Given that more than 75% of healthy participants failed the tandem-gait test, the 14-second cutoff appears to have limited clinical utility in the adolescent population. Functional movement deficits after concussion need to be accounted for, but the 14-second cutoff for the SCAT3 tandem-gait test does not appear to be an ideal way to assess these deficits in high school athletes.

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Post-traumatic headache: the use of the sport concussion assessment tool (SCAT-3) as a predictor of post-concussion recovery

The Journal of Headache and Pain ◽

10.1186/s10194-017-0767-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olivia Begasse de Dhaem ◽

William B. Barr ◽

Laura J. Balcer ◽

Steven L. Galetta ◽

Mia T. Minen

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Concussion Recovery

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Symptoms and Vestibular Screening in Pediatric Concussion

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz026.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 763-763

Author(s):

V Fazio Sumrok ◽

N Kegel ◽

N Blaney ◽

A Colorito ◽

K Viggiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Return To Play ◽

Ocular Motor ◽

Clinical Assessments ◽

Pediatric Concussion ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Symptom Ratings

Abstract Purpose Purpose: Children under age 11 participate in sports with a risk of concussion. Tools are limited for assessment. Clinicians rely on exam for management and return to play. Researchers have started assessment adaptation: Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 Child (SCAT-5 Child) (Davis et al., 2017) and Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) (Mucha et al., 2014). The purpose of this study was to compare scores on components of the SCAT-5 Child, Pediatric VOMS, and SCAT-5 Parent. Methods Method: Participants included 59 children (M-33/26-F) aged 5-10 (7.50±1.17) within 30 days from concussion. Participants completed the SCAT-5 Child, SCAT-5 parent, and Pediatric VOMS at all visits. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate population characteristics. Paired t-tests were used to compare measures. Results Results: 42.6% (n=25) reported symptoms on VOMS at first visit. Only 10.0% reported symptom on VOMS (p=.003) at second visit. VOMS scores were improved across visits (p=.003). Participants reported decreases in symptom severity (p<.001) and number (p<.001) on the SCAT-5 Child across visits. Parents reported decreases in symptom severity (p=.009) and number (p=.005). Both children (p=.001) and parents (p=.001) reported significant increases in BTN% across visits. Participants and parent reported similar scores in number of symptoms, severity, and BTN% on the SCAT-5 at both visits. Conclusion Conclusions: Results demonstrate the Pediatric VOMS assessment is useful to evaluate vestibular/ocular impairment. The SCAT-5 Child and Parent do not evaluate these areas. Symptom ratings decrease and are similar between parent and child, indicating this measure remains consistent across reporters. Findings highlight needed expansion of clinical assessments and research in pediatrics.

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Proposal of a Functional Impairment Symptom Scale for Concussion

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/0883073820945521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (14) ◽

pp. 983-988

Author(s):

Matthew T. McCarthy ◽

Sarah Janse ◽

Natalie M. Pizzimenti ◽

Anthony K. Savino ◽

Brian Crosser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Impairment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Point Increase ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Clinicians currently administer patient-reported symptom scales to quantify and track concussion symptoms. These scales are based on subjective ratings without reference to the degree of functional impairment caused by the symptoms. Our objective was to develop a concussion symptom scale based on functional impairment and compare it to a widely used concussion symptom checklist. We conducted a retrospective chart review evaluating 133 patients age 9-22 with an acute concussion who completed 2 symptom checklists at their initial visit—the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) symptom evaluation (22 symptoms, 0-6 scale) and the proposed Functional Impairment Scale (22 symptoms, 0-3 scale related to degree of functional impairment). Mean total symptom score was 27.2±22.9 for Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 and 14.7±11.9 for the Functional Impairment Scale. Pearson correlation between the scales was 0.98 ( P < .001). Mean time from concussion to first visit was 6.9±6.2 days, and median clearance time after injury was 19 (95% CI 16-21) days. After adjusting for patient and injury characteristics, an increased score on each scale was associated with longer time to clearance (5-point increase in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 hazard ratio 0.885, 95% CI 0.835-0.938, P < .001; 2.5-point increase in Functional Impairment Scale hazard ratio 0.851, 95% CI 0.802-0.902, P < .001). We propose a concussion symptom scale based on functional impairment that correlates strongly with the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 scale, demonstrates a similar association with time to clearance, and may provide a more intuitive approach to monitoring how symptoms are affecting patients recovering from concussion. Future research should aim to validate this scale through a prospective longitudinal study.

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Differential Effect of Recurrent Concussions on Symptom Clusters in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 735-739

Author(s):

Jian Chen ◽

Bruce Oddson ◽

Heather C. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Symptom Clusters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

Composite Scores ◽

The Impact

Context: Symptom checklist in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool has been widely used in preseason assessment and in concussion diagnosis, but the impact of prior concussions on the graded symptoms after a new concussion has not been evaluated. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine reported symptoms associated with recurrent concussions using data of a comprehensive survey among athletes. Design: Retrospective survey and cross-sectional study. Setting: College athletes. Participants: Student athletes who sustained one or more concussions. Main Outcome Measures: Concussion history and graded symptoms of the most recent concussion at time of the survey were surveyed. The impact of prior concussions was examined over symptoms and aggregated symptoms. Results: Multiple concussions were associated with greater reporting of individual symptoms related to emotion and physical symptoms of sensitivity to light and noise: more emotional (z = 2.3, P = .02); sadness (z = 2.4, P = .02); nervousness (z = 2.4, P = .02); irritability (z = 3.6, P = .01); sensitivity to light (z = 2.6, P = .01); and sensitivity to noise (z = 2.4, P = .04). The composite scores of emotional symptom and sensitivity symptom clusters were significantly higher: t = 2.68 (P < .01) and t = 3.35 (P < .01), respectively. Conclusions: The significant rises in emotional and sensitivity symptoms may be an important additive effect of concussive injury. Closer attention should be given to these symptom clusters when evaluating concussion injury and recovery.

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Effects of Exercise on Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition Performance in Women

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine ◽

10.1097/jsm.0000000000000605 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Paul Chung Pin Yong ◽

Jin H. Lee ◽

David R. Howell ◽

William P. Meehan ◽

Grant L. Iverson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Sport Concussion

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