scholarly journals ‘From disaster to master’: Exploring the journey beyond desistance in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Wayne Hart ◽  
Deirdre Healy ◽  
David Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Employment Barriers ◽  
Development Failure

Desistance scholars maintain that innovative and sustainable mechanisms are needed to support the enhancement of human development. Failure to desist is often attributed to limited personal agency and structural disadvantages such as a lack of education attainment and meaningful employment. Therefore, it is argued that criminal justice responses should break down educational and employment barriers in the desistance process, if we are to help remove hurdles to both social cohesion and social integration. To provide additional insights into this phenomenon, this article presents an autobiographical, reflective and experiential account of these challenges in the life of a desister from multiple perspectives. The narrative reveals that the change process extends beyond the attainment of education and meaningful employment, and describes the challenges faced by both work colleagues and the desister. These accounts are accompanied by a reflective academic commentary that situates these personal work experiences within the wider desistance literature, helping to add a critical appraisal of existing knowledge as viewed through the lens of one person’s desistance process over a 10-year period through education and into employment.

A New System Takes Shape

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Parole System

The chapter examines the legislative planning process that gradually refined the early release framework eventually given legal effect by Part Two of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. The chapter begins with a review of the post-election planning process that gathered pace following the 1987 General Election. It examines the Home Office strategic awayday held at Leeds Castle in September 1987 and goes on to consider the Green Paper, Punishment, Custody and the Community and an unprecedented conference at Ditchley Park which brought together senior decision-makers from across the criminal justice system. The chapter then examines the passage of the Criminal Justice Bill 1990/91 and reflects upon the dramatic backlash against the new parole system in the mid-1990s. The chapter concludes with a critical appraisal of the underlying tensions that defined the development of criminal justice during this transitional period.

scholarly journals The Multifocal Approach to Sharing in Shared Decision Making: A Critical Appraisal of the MAPPIN’SDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110107
Author(s):  
David Forner ◽  
Christopher W. Noel ◽  
Laura Boland ◽  
Arwen H. Pieterse ◽  
Cornelia M. Borkhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Property Assessment

Objective Shared decision making integrates health care provider expertise with patient values and preferences. The MAPPIN’SDM is a recently developed measurement instrument that incorporates physician, patient, and observer perspectives during medical consultations. This review sought to critically appraise the development, sensibility, reliability, and validity of the MAPPIN’SDM and to determine in which settings it has been used. Methods This critical appraisal was performed through a targeted review of the literature. Articles outlining the development or measurement property assessment of the MAPPIN’SDM or that used the instrument for predictor or outcome purposes were identified. Results Thirteen studies were included. The MAPPIN’SDM was developed by both adapting and building on previous shared decision making measurement instruments, as well as through creation of novel items. Content validity, face validity, and item quality of the MAPPIN’SDM are adequate. Internal consistency ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 and agreement statistics from 0.41 to 0.92. The MAPPIN’SDM has been evaluated in several populations and settings, ranging from chronic disease to acute oncological settings. Limitations include high reading levels required for self-administered patient questionnaires and the small number of studies that have employed the instrument to date. Conclusion The MAPPIN’SDM generally shows adequate development, sensibility, reliability, and validity in preliminary testing and holds promise for shared decision making research integrating multiple perspectives. Further research is needed to develop its use in other patient populations and to assess patient understanding of complex item wording.

Re-defining moral distress: A systematic review and critical re-appraisal of the argument-based bioethics literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Christine Sanderson ◽  
Linda Sheahan ◽  
Slavica Kochovska ◽  
Tim Luckett ◽  
Deborah Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
The Right

The concept of moral distress comes from nursing ethics, and was initially defined as ‘…when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action’. There is a large body of literature associated with moral distress, yet multiple definitions now exist, significantly limiting its usefulness. We undertook a systematic review of the argument-based bioethics literature on this topic as the basis for a critical appraisal, identifying 55 papers for analysis. We found that moral distress is most frequently framed around individual experiences of distress in relation to local practices and constraints, and understood in terms of power relations and workplace hierarchies. This understanding is directly derived from, and often still seen as specific to, nursing. Frequently the perspective of the morally distressed individual is privileged. Understandings of moral distress have evolved towards an ‘occupational health approach’, with the assumption that moral distress should be measured and prevented. Counter-perspectives were identified, highlighting conceptual problems. Based on our review, we propose a redefinition of moral distress: ‘Ethical unease or disquiet resulting from a situation where a clinician believes they have contributed to avoidable patient or community harm through their involvement in an action, inaction or decision that conflicts with their own values’. This definition is specific enough for research use, anchored in clinicians’ professional responsibilities and concerns about harms to patients, framed relationally rather than hierarchically, and amenable to multiple perspectives on any given morally distressing situation.

Human Growth: Effects of a Human Development Course on Criminal Justice Personnel

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Communication Skill ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Development Course

19 criminal justice personnel (male, Caucasian, Master's level students, aged 21 to 36 yr.) were administered a variety of tests to determine if an experiential-skills type curriculum could promote personal or interpersonal growth. The 19 college students who participated showed significant gains in communication skill, interviewing technique, and self-knowledge. Active participation and group environment were important factors in this change.

II. From Following in Padres’ Footsteps to Confronting Sugar Cubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Mary Casey
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
California History ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Multiple Groups

Mary Casey's essay on mission history traces the tendency of early SCQ articles, in parallel with contemporaneous educational standards and cultural productions, to idealize the padres' work and romanticize the mission era, a trend that persisted into the late 1960s. It was only at that point that a more critical appraisal emerged. Critical analysis and new methodologies revealed the padres' ill treatment of Indigenous peoples, the mission system's role in imperial conquest, and the mission plants as instruments of control. The multiple perspectives and interactions of multiple groups of historical actors placed in the context of a wider borderlands in the recent articles in the Southern California Quarterly extend California history from a California-exceptionist mold into a richer understanding of continental history.

‘An inside job’: An autobiographical account of desistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hart ◽  
Deirdre Healy
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Probation Supervision ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Desistance From Crime

Various theories have been put forward to explain the processes underpinning desistance from crime. To provide additional insights into this phenomenon, this article presents an autobiographical account of one man’s journey towards a crime-free life. The narrative reveals a change process that is at once personal and universal, and describes the external forces that shaped his pathway to desistance as well as his experiences of personal fortitude and agency. In addition, it highlights the role of probation supervision as a catalyst for change. The autobiographical account is accompanied by a reflective academic commentary that situates these personal life experiences within the wider desistance literature. While the reader may view the autobiographical tone of this article as subjective, it should be noted that the account is not simply a re-telling of an individual life story but offers a critical appraisal of existing knowledge viewed through the lens of one person’s journey towards desistance.

scholarly journals Investigating Humor Within a Context of Death and Tragedy: The Narratives of Contrasting Realities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Vivona
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Construct Meaning

Crime scene investigators (CSIs) are subjected to many complexities of working in a context of death, trauma and tragedy. They experience this context in a more intimate manner than any other member of the criminal justice community. Within these challenging work settings in which human lives have ended, humor can emerge as crime scene investigators attend to their tasks. The research question this study addressed is “How is humor used to negotiate work experiences and make meaning from working in a context that includes death, trauma and tragedy?” CSIs were interviewed and provided narratives from their lived experiences regarding humor during their challenging work. Humans often use storytelling to frame and construct meaning of their lived experiences. For the CSI, the telling and retelling of stories of laughter and stories of tears has several individual and organizational outcomes, including group socialization, negotiating the stresses of the work and meaning making.

Reflections on Aging: Normal Developmental Process or Disease?

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Simon Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Normal Stage

The process of aging is unavoidable and unrelenting in human beings. Is aging a normal stage of human development or a disease that can be treated, delayed, or perhaps even cured? This article explores the aging process from multiple perspectives and discusses the potential impacts of those varying perspectives on determination of health care policy and allocation of research dollars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document