scholarly journals The Learning Sciences in China: Historical Development and Future Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Xiaozhe Yang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Local System ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Learning Sciences ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Growth

Purpose: This study charts the developmental history of the learning sciences (LS) in China and analyzes the direction of its future development. Design/Approach/Methods: An extensive literature review is presented to compile notable events in the development of LS in China over different periods. The findings are then systematically sorted and interpreted. Findings: This study maps the LS developmental process across three main periods: prescientific, psychological paradigm, and initial scientific paradigm. China has achieved certain initial developments in LS and has formed collaborative bodies to conduct sustained and in-depth learning research. However, the field remains at a preliminary developmental stage in China. Overall, there is still no sound mechanism for the production of new knowledge, and contributions bearing distinctive Chinese characteristics remain insufficient. Originality/Value: This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of LS in China. It proposes four main areas for future growth: forming a stable academic community, developing appropriate curriculum and teaching materials, creating an effective mechanism within the discipline for knowledge production, and establishing a local system of discourse for the discipline.

scholarly journals China’s Experiences in Developing Lifelong Education, 1978–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 209653112095395
Author(s):  
Zunmin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Civic Literacy ◽  
Reform And Opening Up

Purpose: This study systematically reviews the China’s progress in lifelong education (LLE) policies, theories, and practices in the 40 years since its reform and opening-up and provides several guidelines for developing LLE going forward. Design/Approach/Methods: This study analyzes the characteristics of LLE in China through a review of its developmental process and prospects at the policy, theoretical, and practical levels. Findings: While following the goals of LLE set by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, China has developed and implemented LLE with distinctly Chinese characteristics. The development of LLE in China has focused on protecting citizens’ learning rights, improving civic literacy, and enhancing human resources. This study reveals four aspects of China’s experiences of LLE development. First, as the primary actor in promoting LLE, the government took responsibility for providing guidance and leadership in the development and implementation of LLE. Second, the people’s enthusiastic response to and expectation of the further enhancement of their spiritual cultivation and quality of life established LLE’s practical status. Third, the socioeconomic and political context consolidated the value foundation of LLE development. Fourth, the positive responses of the academic community and follow-up studies promoted policy-oriented processes and practice-based scientific development. Originality/Value: In addition to suggestions for the creation of an LLE system with Chinese characteristics, this study reveals several core theoretical topics of LLE development in China that warrant further research.

A Very Brief History of Internet Jurisdiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a brief history of Internet jurisdiction taking account of key court decisions, legislation as well as developments in the academic thinking on the topic. In doing so, it divides the history of Internet jurisdiction into four relatively distinct phases. The discussion in the chapter highlights facts such as that: (1) law has largely been reactive, responding to technological developments; (2) the level of creativity applied in the search for workable solutions was seemingly higher in the earlier stages than in more recent times; and (3) unsurprisingly, the attitudes of courts, legislators, and the academic community have varied considerably over the time period examined.

‘It Is a Tradition in the Nuclear Industry . . . Secrecy’: Political Opportunity Structures and Nuclear Knowledge Production in France

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110250
Author(s):  
Julie Schweitzer ◽  
Tamara L Mix
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Shaping Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Opportunity Structures

Employing the example of France’s civil nuclear program, we connect political opportunity structures (POSs) to mechanisms of knowledge production, identifying how opposing stakeholders generate knowledge about a controversial technology. A history of nuclear dependence in France creates a context that praises, normalizes, and rationalizes nuclear energy while stigmatizing attempts to question or contest the nuclear industry’s dominant position. Integrating Bond’s knowledge-shaping process with Coy and colleagues’ concept of oppositional knowledge, we consider how the broader social, political, and economic context influences opposing stakeholder assessments of nuclear energy. Employing qualitative semi-structured interviews, we offer unique insight into the French nuclear debate, discussing the role of POS in shaping knowledge production.

A brief history of small business in Australia, 1970-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training And Research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of the SME sector in Australia, concentrating on a number of key areas: small business definitions and numbers; the role of government; the emergence of key industry groups; and the evolution of education, training and research services. Design/methodology/approach – The study is a result of extensive literature reviews, desk research and the recollections of various participants in the field. Findings – There have been major changes to the Australian small business sector over the last 40 years. In 1983-1984 there were an estimated 550,000 small firms, and by 2010 this had grown to almost two million. Government involvement in, and support for, SMEs was virtually non-existent before 1970. Following the delivery of the Wiltshire report (1971), however, both state and federal governments responded by developing specialist advisory services, funding programmes and other support tools. Virtually non-existent before the 1970s, several peak industry associations were formed between 1977 and the 1990s. At the same time, formal education and teaching in the area expanded in the 1970s and 1980s and is now widespread. Practical implications – Development of the small business sector in Australia has often paralleled similar trends in other OECD nations. State and territory governments have often (but not always) been the principal drivers of policy change. Originality/value – There has been no little, if any, prior documentation of the evolution of the small business sector in Australia in the last 40 years.

The English Campaign against Luther in the 1520s (The Alexander Prize Essay)

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rex
Keyword(s):  
Popular Religion ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Prize Essay

SINCE the days of John Foxe, ecclesiastical historians of the 1520s have concentrated on the Odysseys and Passions of the earliest English Protestants. Their Catholic opponents, with the notable exceptions of John Fisher and Thomas More, have been largely ignored. The object of this essay is to redress the balance by examining the English commitment to orthodoxy in the 1520s, a commitment made primarily by the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, but seconded enthusiastically by the academic community. It aims not to rewrite the entire ecclesiastical history of the decade, but merely to draw attention to an important though neglected element in the story. Nevertheless, it hopes to be a contribution to the reassessment of the English Reformation that has been carried out in much recent research. The essay is primarily an investigation of polemics, rather than of politics or of popular religion. Beginning with Henry VIII's decision early in 1521 to take up the pen personally against Luther, it draws out the connection of this with the promulgation in England of Exsurge Domine, the Papal condemnation of Luther, and suggests a solution to the vexed question of the ‘real’ authorship of Henry's Assertio Septem Sacramentorum. It investigates the continuation of this polemical assault on Luther by English scholars; and examines its international dimension, gathering evidence of the patronage and cooperation extended to Luther's continental opponents by the English authorities. In conclusion it proposes that the strongly orthodox commitment of the English authorities in the 1520s ebbed away only as the pressing needs of the ‘King's Great Matter’ occasioned competing, and ultimately conflicting, intellectual priorities.

CIVIL GOVERNOR M.M. OREUS IN THE SERVICE IN THE VYBORG (FINLAND) PROVINCE IN 1799–1804

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T.V. BOGDANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to review the activities of the civil governor M.M. Oreus in the service in the Vyborg (Finland) province in 1799–1804. The guarantee of an effective mechanism of admin-istration creation as for over than 200-year period of the Russian Empire existence, as for modern conditions, it was and still is the effectiveness of the government policy on the ground. Based on this key task, the most important condition for its implementation at different stages of the development of the country was the effective selection of personnel for the post of a governor. It was the governor responsible for everything happened in his province, and the government expected him to under-stand the tasks assigned to him and take definite steps to solve them. The urgent management problem in these conditions was the strength of administrative resources capable of retaining their effective power in cases of emerging extraordinary situations, including which, will be discussed in this article. Emergency situations in the border areas occurred regularly and required the ob-servance of certain administrative traditions that influenced the success of the governor's initiatives in state tasks implementation. It will be all the more important to consider the history of the life and activities of one of the governors of the Finland (Vyborg) province, Maxim Maksimovich Oreus, who was at the head of this territory from December 14, 1799 to April 9, 1804.

scholarly journals The Ladies Vanish?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Luo ◽  
Julia Adams ◽  
Hannah Brueckner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
History Of

AbstractMany notable female sociologists have vanished from the canonical history of American sociology. As the most influential crowd-sourced encyclopedia, Wikipedia promises – but does not necessarily deliver – a democratic corrective to the generation of knowledge, including academic knowledge. This article explores multiple mechanisms by which women either enter or disappear from the disciplinary record by analyzing the unfolding interaction between the canonical disciplinary history of sociology and Wikipedia. We argue that the uneven representation of women sociologists as (1) remembered, (2) neglected, (3) erased or, finally, (4) recovered is shaped by the emerging interactional space of knowledge production.

scholarly journals A Review of Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Tridax Procumbens (L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Beck ◽  
Heather Mathison ◽  
Toma Todorov ◽  
Esli-Armando Calderon-Juarez ◽  
Olga R. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Tridax procumbens is a very promising species that produces secondary metabolites reported to have a variety of medicinal uses including among others, anti-anemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anesthetic properties. This species has a long history of traditional use by different communities. This study aimed to review the scientific literature regarding the medicinal properties, biological activity and phytochemical components of T. procumbens, a member of the Asteraceae family that originated in Central and South America. An extensive literature review was done using Metadatabase EDS, MedLine (PubMed), Science Direct, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, Scielo, DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, JSTOR, and other sources to find information relevant to the medicinal uses of T. procumbens. At total of 130 studies were found that contained information about T. procumbens. Some of the papers were not included because of the relevance to this study, ending with a total of 111 relevant citations reported here. This review shows the importance of more studies to understand the potential of T. procumbens’ secondary metabolites for medicinal or preventive treatment, making it a promising ethnobotanical resource. This review provides important information of this species and indicates that this species could be an effective, safe and affordable treatment for some ailments, especially in tropical areas where this plant is native and widely distributed.

RISE, GRUBENHUND: ON PROVINCIALIZING KUHN

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH R. COEN
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Ludwik Fleck ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kuhnian Revolution ◽  
Neutral Ground

Bilingualism was Kuhn's solution to the problem of relativism, the problem raised by his own theory of incommensurability. In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he argued that scientific theories are separated by gulfs of mutual incomprehension. There is no neutral ground from which to judge one theory fitter than another. Each is formulated in its own language and cannot be translated into the idiom of another. Yet, like many Americans, Kuhn never had the experience of moving comfortably between languages. “I've never been any good really at foreign languages,” he admitted in an interview soon before his death. “I can read French, I can read German, if I'm dropped into one of those countries I can stammer along for a while, but my command of foreign languages is not good, and never has been, which makes it somewhat ironic that much of my thought these days goes to language.” Kuhn may have been confessing to more than a personal weakness. His linguistic ineptitude seems to be a clue to his overweening emphasis on the difficulty of “transworld travel.” Multilingualism remained for him an abstraction. In this respect, I will argue, Kuhn engendered a peculiarly American turn in the history of science. Kuhn's argument for the dependence of science on the norms of particular communities has been central to the development of studies of science in and as culture since the 1980s. Recent work on the mutual construction of science and nationalism, for instance, is undeniably in Kuhn's debt. Nonetheless, the Kuhnian revolution cut off other avenues of research. In this essay, I draw on the counterexample of the physician–historian Ludwik Fleck, as well as on critiques by Steve Fuller and Ted Porter, to suggest one way to situate Kuhn within the broader history of the history of science. To echo Kuhn's own visual metaphors, one of the profound effects of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions on the field of history of science was to render certain modes of knowledge production virtually invisible.

scholarly journals History of Nursing and Health Knowledge Study Group: production of knowledge in the graduate program

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Roberta Costa ◽  
Miriam Süsskind Borenstein ◽  
Maria Itayra Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Program ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Nursing Program ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Nursing History ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Nursing ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

The History of Nursing and Health Knowledge Study Group linked to the Graduate Nursing Program at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, has been producing knowledge on this subject over the past 15 years. This documentary study presents an assessment of the group's master's theses and doctoral dissertations conducted between 1995 and 2010. A total of 23 master's theses and 12 doctoral dissertations were developed. The group has contributed on many fronts, whether with scientific production that embodies innovative content taught to students, or with the dissemination of its studies' results, which gives greater visibility to its members translates into invitations for them to participate in scientific events and on editorial boards. There is a need to move toward greater integration with other research groups in the field of history and sensitize the academic community to the importance of nursing history.

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