scholarly journals Everyday Discrimination Among African American Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Joseph Taylor ◽  
Reuben Miller ◽  
Dawne Mouzon ◽  
Verna M. Keith ◽  
Linda M. Chatters
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Previous History ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

The present study examined the impact of criminal justice contact on experiences of everyday discrimination among a national sample of African American men. African American men have a high likelihood of being the targets of major discrimination as well as experiencing disproportionate contact with the criminal justice system. Few studies, however, examine everyday discrimination (e.g., commonplace social encounters of unfair treatment) among this group. Using data from the National Survey of American Life, we provide a descriptive assessment of different types of everyday discrimination among African American men. Specifically, we examined differences in everyday discrimination among men who have never been arrested, those who have been arrested but not incarcerated, and men who have a previous history of criminal justice intervention categorized by type of incarceration experienced (i.e., reform school, detention, jail, or prison). Study findings indicated overall high levels of reported everyday discrimination, with increased likelihood and a greater number of experiences associated with more serious forms of criminal justice contact. However, in many instances, there were no or few differences in reported everyday discrimination for African American men with and without criminal justice contact, indicating comparable levels of exposure to experiences with unfair treatment.

scholarly journals Discrimination, Stress, and Health Across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
Roland Thorpe ◽  
Carl Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
African American Health

Abstract There is a paucity of research that seeks to understand why race disparities in health across the life course remain elusive. Two such explanations that have been garnering attention is stress and discrimination. This symposium contains papers seeking to address the impact of discrimination or stress on African American health or health disparities across the life course. First, Nguyen and colleagues examine 1) the associations between discrimination and objective and subjective social isolation and 2) how these associations vary by age in using data from the National Survey of American Life. Discrimination was positively associated with being subjectively isolated from friends only and family only. This relationship varied by age. Discrimination did not predict objective isolation. Second, Brown examines evidence of the black-white paradox in anxiety and depressive symptoms among older adults using data from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 HRS. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, everyday discrimination, chronic conditions, and chronic stress, there are no black-white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Third, Cobb and colleagues investigate the joint consequences of multiple dimensions of perceived discrimination on mortality risk using mortality data from the 2006-2016 HRS. The authors report the number of attributed reasons for everyday discrimination is a particularly salient risk factor for mortality in later life. This collection of papers provides insights into how discrimination or stress impacts African American health or health disparities in middle to late life.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in 30-Day Re-Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer’s and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 697-697
Author(s):  
Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
African American Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Hospitalization is associated with accelerated cognitive decline for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), which disproportionately impacts women. Persons with ADRD are also at higher risk for 30-day rehospitalization, which may compound the impact of hospitalization-related exposures that precipitate decline. Evidence surrounding the intersections between gender and rehospitalization risk among diverse, representative populations with ADRD are lacking. This retrospective cohort study used a 100% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of ADRD and qualifying index hospitalization in 2014 (n= 1,033,144 unique beneficiaries and 1,672,238 unique stays). The primary outcome was rate of 30-day rehospitalization by gender and race. Within each racial group, men have higher rehospitalization rates than women: 2.6% higher among white men, 1.7% among African American men, and 2.6% higher among other racial/ethnic minorities. Findings highlight the importance of elucidating mechanisms underlying gender differences in hospital utilization and subsequent impact on cognitive decline.

Sociodemographic Influences in the Prediction of Attitudes toward Transracial Adoption

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Doty Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Transracial Adoption ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

An exploratory study of attitudes toward transracial adoption was conducted, using data from a 1991 national telephone opinion survey of 916 respondents. Seventy-one percent of those surveyed believed that race should not be a factor in who should be allowed to adopt a child. However, in a logistic regression analysis, respondents in the highest age category (i.e., those older than 64 years) were 63% less likely to approve of transracial adoption, compared with 18- to 29-year-olds. There was also an interaction of race and sex. African-American women were 84% less likely than African-American men to approve of transracial adoption. Compared with African-American men, Caucasian men were 72% less likely to approve. The importance of considering subpopulation differences in applying such findings to adoption policy, research, and practice is discussed.

Hobbling a Generation: Young African American Men in Washington, D.C.'s Criminal Justice System—Five Years Later

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lotke
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Census Data ◽  
African American Men ◽  
District Of Columbia

The number of young African American men ages 18 to 35 in the District of Columbia under criminal justice supervision—in prison or jail, probation or parole, out on bond or being sought on a warrant—was compared to U.S. census data for the district. It was found that virtually half (49.9 percent) of that population was under justice control on any given day in early 1997.

Gender Differences in the Dating Experiences of African American Young Adults: The Challenge of Forming Romantic Relationships Within the Context of Power Imbalance

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Gordon Simons ◽  
Tara E. Sutton ◽  
Antoinette M. Landor ◽  
Ashley B. Barr ◽  
Chalandra M. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Using Data ◽  
American Young Adults

Past research has documented that structural factors produce a skewed dating market in African American communities that advantages men over women. Using data collected from a sample of 495 African American young adults (55.8% women, Mage = 22), we tested the idea that African American men can be more selective when choosing dating partners than their female counterparts due to their power advantage. Consonant with this hypothesis, our results indicated that women who had characteristics consistent with men’s mate preferences were significantly more likely to be involved in dating relationships. However, there were no associations between the likelihood of men’s dating frequency or relationship status and whether they typified women’s mate preferences. These findings support the contention that, unlike their male counterparts, African American women may have to compromise their mate preferences and date less desirable partners due to the gendered power disadvantage in the dating market.

For Love and Justice: The Mobilizing of Race, Gender, and Criminal Justice Contact

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 541-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Walker ◽  
Marcela García-Castañon
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the political implications of the criminal justice system for those who experience it indirectly: the friends and extended families of individuals who become caught up in the criminal justice system through heightened police surveillance, arrest, probation/parole and incarceration, which scholars have termed “custodial citizenship” (Lerman and Weaver 2014, 8). Contact with the criminal justice system is increasingly common in the United States, which incarcerates more of its citizens than any other western democracy (West, Sabol, and Greenman 2010). In addition to the 2.3 million people currently behind bars scholars estimate that more than 19 million have a felony (Uggen, Manza, and Thompson 2006). Fully 23% of Black adults have a criminal background, and Latinos make up 50% of federal inmates, highlighting extreme racial disparities in American criminal justice (Meissner et al. 2013). A growing body of research explores the impact of criminal justice contact on political participation finding that depressed voter turnout is the result whether one has been incarcerated, arrested, or lives in a high-contact community (Burch 2011, 2013; Lerman and Weaver 2014).

scholarly journals Advancing Alzheimer’s Disease Care and Services Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Lenora Smith ◽  
Roland Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research shows consistent and adverse disparities among racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Hispanic Whites in the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease, mortality, participation in clinical trials, use of medications and other interventions, health care expenditures, and quality-of-life outcomes. The literature suggests numerous underlying causes, including factors related to measurement of the disease, genetics, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, lack of culturally competent interventions, and discrimination in services and care. Although these disparities are well known, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies to address these differences within the context of Alzheimer’s disease services and care. This symposium aims to contribute to this knowledge. The first presentation examines the role of race with marital status and risk for dementia using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Results suggest differences for unmarried White and unmarried older adults of color, which can inform dementia care services. The second presentation highlights the opportunities and challenges of facilitating cognitive impairment screenings among African American congregations. The third presentation introduces attitudes about brain donation among African American research participants and suggestions to increase involvement. The symposium concludes with a presentation on hearing care disparities in dementia with practical recommendations on how to close this gap in hearing care. The findings from these papers contribute significantly to the impact of ethnoracial differences in dementia and the need to include more diverse populations in ADRD research to promote equity. Alzheimer’s Disease Research Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Which Personality Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Religious Capital and Depressive Symptomology in a National Sample of African Americans?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie M. Clark ◽  
Cheryl L. Holt ◽  
Min Qi Wang ◽  
Beverly R. Williams ◽  
Emily Schulz
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
African American Men ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Religious Capital ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between religious capital and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of the Big Five personality constructs in a national sample of African American adults. Data were collected from a national probability sample of 803 African American men and women using a telephone survey including measures of the Big Five personality traits, religious capital, and depressive symptomology. Most interestingly, there was evidence for Personality × Religious Capital interactions on depressive symptomology. Higher religious capital was related to lower depressive symptomology among persons with low conscientiousness or low openness to experience. However, religious capital was less related to depressive symptoms among those with high conscientiousness or high openness. This study reinforces the importance of examining the moderating effects of personality and perceived religious capital in understanding mental health outcomes. This information can be of use to practitioners in designing culturally appropriate interventions, including the use of capital from faith-based organizations.

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