Immigration, Visible-Minority Status, Gender, and Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Montazer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Immigrant Men

This study examines if the association between length of residence and mental health—as measured by depression—of immigrants post-arrival in the host country is altered by visible-minority status and gender among a sample of immigrants to Toronto, Canada, as compared to the native-born. The analytic sample excluded refugees. Of the 1,911 adults included, 23 percent were foreign-born. Adjusted multivariate results indicate a significant and positive association between depression and length of residence in the host country—but only among visible-minority immigrant men as compared to Canadian-born men. The positive association between depression and length of residence among visible-minority immigrant men is found to be due to a parallel rise in perceived discrimination and the experience of anger with tenure in the host country.

scholarly journals Does School Racial Composition Explain Why High Income Black Youth Perceive More Discrimination? A Gender Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Recent research has documented poor mental health among high socioeconomic status (SES) Blacks, particularly African American males. The literature has also shown a positive link between SES and perceived discrimination, suggesting that perceived discrimination may explain why high SES Black males report poor mental health. To better understand the role of contextual factors in explaining this pattern, we aimed to test whether school racial composition explains why high income Black youth perceive more discrimination. We explored these associations by ethnicity and gender. Using data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent supplement (NSAL-A), the current study included 810 African American and 360 Caribbean Black youth, with a mean age of 15. Ethnicity, age, gender, income-to-needs ratio (SES), skin color, school racial composition, and perceived (daily) discrimination were measured. Using Stata 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA), we fitted seven structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis in the pooled sample based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Considerable gender by ethnicity variations were found in the associations between SES, school racial composition, and perceived discrimination. For African American males but not African American females or Caribbean Black males or females, school racial composition fully mediated the effect of SES on perceived discrimination. The role of inter-racial contact as a mechanism for high discrimination and poor mental health of Black American adolescents may depend on their intersection of ethnicity and gender. School racial composition may be a mechanism for increased perceived discrimination among high SES African American males.

Sexual minority status and psychotic symptoms: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gevonden ◽  
J. P. Selten ◽  
I. Myin-Germeys ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
M. ten Have ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychotic Symptom ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence Studies

BackgroundEthnic minority position is associated with increased risk for psychotic outcomes, which may be mediated by experiences of social exclusion, defeat and discrimination. Sexual minorities are subject to similar stressors. The aim of this study is to examine whether sexual minorities are at increased risk for psychotic symptoms and to explore mediating pathways.MethodA cross-sectional survey was performed assessing cumulative incidence of psychotic symptoms with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in two separate random general population samples (NEMESIS-1 and NEMESIS-2). Participants were sexually active and aged 18–64 years (n = 5927, n = 5308). Being lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) was defined as having sexual relations with at least one same-sex partner during the past year. Lifetime experience of any psychotic symptom was analysed using logistic regression, adjusted for gender, educational level, urbanicity, foreign-born parents, living without a partner, cannabis use and other drug use.ResultsThe rate of any psychotic symptom was elevated in the LGB population as compared with the heterosexual population both in NEMESIS-1 [odds ratio (OR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–3.84] and NEMESIS-2 (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.42–3.71). Childhood trauma, bullying and experience of discrimination partly mediated the association.ConclusionsThe finding that LGB orientation is associated with psychotic symptoms adds to the growing body of literature linking minority status with psychosis and other mental health problems, and suggests that exposure to minority stress represents an important mechanism.

Perceived discrimination, loneliness, and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese migrant children: The moderating roles of parent-child cohesion and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 026540752097475
Author(s):  
Quanquan Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Chinese rural-to-urban migrant children frequently experience discrimination, which thereby often results in significant negative consequences. However, little is known about the contribution of perceived discrimination experiences to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived discrimination and NSSI, the mediating role of loneliness in this relationship, and the moderating roles of parent-child cohesion and gender. Six hundred fifty-seven migrant children completed a perceived discrimination scale, an NSSI questionnaire, a loneliness scale, and a parent-child cohesion inventory. Results showed that there was a significant positive association between perceived discrimination and NSSI among migrant children. Loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and NSSI. Moreover, parent-child cohesion demonstrated a moderating effect on the mediation via loneliness; the indirect association between perceived discrimination and NSSI via loneliness was only significant in low parent-child cohesion condition, but not in the high condition. Additionally, there were differences by gender, with a significantly stronger mediating effect of loneliness among migrant girls compared with migrant boys. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between perceived discrimination and NSSI. Discussion also provides directions for future interventions and delineate how programs could be designed to target loneliness and parent-child cohesion among migrant children.

scholarly journals Effects of Minority Status and Perceived Discrimination on Mental Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany G. Everett ◽  
Jarron Saint Onge ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Minority Status

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Late-Adulthood Mental Health: Results From the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Angelini ◽  
Daniel D H Howdon ◽  
Jochen O Mierau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Objectives A growing literature acknowledges the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adulthood (i.e., 50+). Less, however, is known about the association with mental health outcomes, such as depression. We use the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyze overall and gender-specific associations between childhood SES and late-adulthood depression. Methods Using life history and contemporaneous data from 21,989 SHARE respondents in combination with principal component analysis we construct indices of childhood SES. We measure late-adulthood depression using the EURO-D scale. Contemporaneous SES is operationalized as the logarithm of household equivalized income. We estimate associations using linear regression models. Results We document a positive association between childhood SES and the late-adulthood EURO-D score. The association persists even when allowing for contemporaneous SES. Zooming in on gender-specific associations reveals that the association for mental health is particularly pronounced for women. Discussion Our findings reveal the long-term association between childhood socioeconomic conditions and depression later in life, which persists even after taking into account current socioeconomic conditions and are stronger for women than for men. These results imply that boosting childhood socioeconomic conditions can potentially have effects lasting well beyond the childhood phase.

Evidence of sexual orientation and gender differences in mental health outcomes for violent crime victims

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cramer ◽  
Martha Shumway ◽  
Amanda M. Amacker ◽  
Dale E. McNiel ◽  
Sarah Holley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
And Gender
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