Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents Exposed to Personal and Vicarious Police Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932092309
Author(s):  
Kristin Turney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
Health Impairments

Theories of stress and strain, which emphasize the concentration of social stressors among vulnerable groups, suggest that police contact—the most common type of criminal justice contact—can have deleterious health consequences. Research documents a relationship between police contact and adverse health, but less is known about the mental health consequences of police stops among adolescents. I examined this with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,437), a longitudinal survey of individuals born around the turn of the 21st century and followed over a 15-year period. First, personal police contact and vicarious but not personal police contact (both compared to no police contact) are positively associated with depressive symptoms, net of characteristics associated with police contact (including prior mental health, delinquency, and impulsivity). Second, more intrusive police contact (such as stops that include frisks or searches) is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Third, the association between police contact and depressive symptoms is concentrated among girls and Blacks. Given the concentration of police contact among already vulnerable adolescents living in highly surveilled and disadvantaged neighborhoods, those same adolescents at greatest risk of health impairments, police contact may exacerbate population health disparities.

scholarly journals Mental Health Status of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional National Survey in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Ueda ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Hajime Sueki ◽  
Tetsuya Matsubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may have detrimental mental health consequences. However, as yet, there is limited understanding of its impact on the mental health of the general population. The aim of this study is to examine the mental health of the Japanese general population by conducting the first systematic survey during the pandemic (N=1,000), with a particular focus on identifying the most vulnerable groups. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that the mental health of young and middle-aged individuals was significantly worse than that of older individuals during the pandemic. There was also some indication that individuals who were not currently working were significantly more likely to report a high level of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Part-time and temporary contract-based workers were also more likely to suffer from anxiety disorder. Our results highlight that monitoring the mental health of younger and economically vulnerable individuals may be especially important. In addition, they also indicate that population mental health might not only be affected by the direct health consequences of COVID-19, but also by the economic ramifications of the pandemic.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 outbreak increases maternal stress during pregnancy, but not the risk for postpartum depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽  
Lotte Muskens ◽  
Lianne P. Hulsbosch ◽  
Katrijn Van Deun ◽  
Veerle Bergink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perinatal Women

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic affects society and may especially have an impact on mental health of vulnerable groups, such as perinatal women. This prospective cohort study of 669 participating women in the Netherlands compared perinatal symptoms of depression and stress during and before the pandemic. After a pilot in 2018, recruitment started on 7 January 2019. Up until 1 March 2020 (before the pandemic), 401 women completed questionnaires during pregnancy, of whom 250 also completed postpartum assessment. During the pandemic, 268 women filled out at least one questionnaire during pregnancy and 59 postpartum (1 March–14 May 2020). Pregnancy-specific stress increased significantly in women during the pandemic. We found no increase in depressive symptoms during pregnancy nor an increase in incidence of high levels of postpartum depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for increased stress in pregnant women during the pandemic.

A Changed America? The Effects of September 11th on Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Consumption

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah K. Knudsen ◽  
Paul M. Roman ◽  
J. Aaron Johnson ◽  
Lori J. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
September 11 ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
Health Consequences

In the weeks following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, social commentators argued that America had profoundly “changed.” In light of these arguments and the literature on disasters, we examine the immediate and longer-term mental health consequences of September 11th using a national sample of fulltime American workers. We model the effects of temporal proximity to the attacks on depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption, while controlling for demographic characteristics. Our data revealed a significant increase in the number of depressive symptoms reported during the 4 weeks after the attacks. In the subsequent weeks, levels of depressive symptoms returned to pre-September 11th levels. Contrary to expectations, there was some indication of decreased alcohol consumption after September 11th, although these effects were modest. These analyses provide little support for popular assertions that September 11th resulted in lasting and measurable impacts on Americans' well-being.

scholarly journals “Being all alone makes me sad”: loneliness in older adults with depressive symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1541-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse M. J. van Beljouw ◽  
Eric van Exel ◽  
Jenny de Jong Gierveld ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
Marjolijn Heerings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Late Life Depression

ABSTRACTBackground:The consequences of co-occurring persistent loneliness and late life depression are yet unknown. The aim of this study was to get a deeper insight into the mental health consequences of loneliness in older persons with depressive symptoms and their perspectives of emotional distress by using a mixed-methods study design.Methods:Two hundred and forty nine community-dwelling older persons with depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (≥6) were included. A validated cut-off score on the Loneliness Scale was used to distinguish lonely elders from elders who were not lonely. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to examine differences in mental health and perspectives on emotional distress between lonely and not lonely older persons with depressive symptoms.Results:Loneliness was highly prevalent among older persons with depressive symptoms (87.8%). Lonely people suffered from worse mental ill-health (e.g., more severe depressive symptoms, more often a depressive disorder and a lower quality of life) compared to not lonely individuals. Depressive symptoms were regarded as a logical consequence of loneliness. Lonely people perceived little command over their situation: causes of loneliness were attributed externally to perceived deficits in their social networks and they mainly expressed the need to be listened to.Conclusion:Our findings underline the importance of paying considerable attention to (severe) loneliness in older adults with depressive symptoms given its high prevalence and serious mental health consequences. Future studies should look into whether addressing loneliness when discussing depressive symptoms in clinical practice may provide an opportunity to better adjust to older persons’ depression perceptions and might therefore improve care utilization.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 outbreak increases maternal stress during pregnancy, but not the incidence of postpartum depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe G.B.M. Boekhorst ◽  
Lotte Muskens ◽  
Lianne P. Hulsbosch ◽  
Katrijn Van Deun ◽  
Veerle Bergink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Perinatal Women

The COVID-19 pandemic affects society and may especially have an impact on mental health of vulnerable groups, such as perinatal women. This prospective cohort study compared perinatal symptoms of depression and stress during and before the pandemic. Pregnancy-specific stress increased significantly in women during the pandemic. We found no increase in depressive symptoms during pregnancy nor an increase in incidence of postnatal depression during the pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of increased stress in pregnant women and offer adequate care.

scholarly journals Trajectories of depressive symptoms among vulnerable groups in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Frank ◽  
Eleonora Iob ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many aspects of the human condition, including mental health and psychological wellbeing. This study examined trajectories of depressive symptoms (DST) over time among vulnerable individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe sample consisted of 51,417 adults recruited from the COVID-19 Social Study. Depressive symptoms were measured on seven occasions (21st March - 2nd April), using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic vulnerabilities included non-white ethnic background, low socio-economic position (SEP), and type of work (keyworker versus no keyworker). Health-related and psychosocial vulnerabilities included pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, experience of psychological and/or physical abuse, and low social support. Group-based DST were derived using latent growth mixture modelling and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between these vulnerabilities and DSTs. Model estimates were adjusted for age, sex, and suspected COVID-19 diagnosis.ResultsThree DSTs were identified: low [N=30,850 (60%)] moderate [N=14,911 (29%)], and severe [N=5,656 (11%)] depressive symptoms. DSTs were relatively stable across the first 6 weeks of lockdown. After adjusting for covariates, experiences of physical/psychological abuse (OR 13.16, 95% CI 12.95-13.37), pre-existing mental health conditions (OR 13.00 95% CI 12.87-13.109), pre-existing physical health conditions (OR 3.41, 95% CI 3.29-3.54), low social support (OR 12.72, 95% CI 12.57-12.86), and low SEP (OR 5.22, 95% CI 5.08-5.36) were significantly associated with the severe DST. No significant association was found for ethnicity (OR 1.07, 95% 0.85-1.28). Participants with key worker roles were less likely to experience severe depressive symptoms (OR 0.66, 95% 0.53-0.80). Similar but smaller patterns of associations were found for the moderate DST.ConclusionsPeople with psychosocial and health-related risk factors, as well as those with low SEP seem to be most vulnerable to experiencing moderate or severe depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Did the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Modify the Influence of Neighbourhood Disorder on Psychological Distress? Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Teo ◽  
Chungah Kim ◽  
Andrew Nielsen ◽  
Thomas Young ◽  
Patricia O'Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Neighbourhood Disorder

Background: National lockdown in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic severely restricted the mobility of residents and increased time spent in their residential neighbourhoods. This is a unique opportunity to understand how an exogenous factor that reduces mobility may influence the association between neighbourhood social environment and mental health. This study investigates whether the COVID-19 lockdown may modify the effect of neighbourhood disorder on psychological distress.Methods: We tracked changes in psychological distress, using the UK household longitudinal survey across the pre-COVID and lockdown periods in 16,535 adults. Neighbourhood disorder was measured along two subscales: social stressors and property crime. Fixed-effects regression was used to evaluate whether the widespread reduction in mobility modifies the association between the subscales of neighbourhood disorder and psychological distress.Results: The effect of neighbourhood social stressors on psychological distress was stronger in the lockdown period compared to the pre-COVID period. Compared to the pre-COVID period, the effect of being in neighbourhoods with the highest social stressors (compared to the lowest) on psychological distress increased by 20% during the lockdown. Meanwhile, the effect of neighbourhood property crime on mental health did not change during the lockdown.Conclusion: The sudden loss of mobility as a result of COVID-19 lockdown is a unique opportunity to address the endogeneity problem as it relates to mobility and locational preferences in the study of neighbourhood effects on health. Vulnerable groups who have limited mobility are likely more sensitive to neighbourhood social stressors compared to the general population.

scholarly journals Worsening Mental Health and Self-Rated Health in Older Incarcerated Persons During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 484-484
Author(s):  
Lisa Barry ◽  
Deborah Noujaim ◽  
Alexandra DePalma ◽  
Emil Coman ◽  
Dorothy Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Incarcerated persons age 50 and older comprise one of society’s most vulnerable groups given high rates of chronic illness, estrangement from family/friends, and suicide. Consequently, the mental health impact of COVID-19 on this population may be especially salient. Using data from the ongoing Aging Inmates’ Suicidal Ideation and Depression study (Aging INSIDE), we determined change in older incarcerated persons’ mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms) and change in self-rated health (SRH) from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, and evaluated how these variables were related. Of the 202 still-incarcerated Aging INSIDE participants, 157 (77%) completed Check-In Surveys between August-September 2020. Participants were 96% male, racially diverse (41% White, 41% Black, 18% Hispanic/Other) and average age was 56.0(±5.8) years. From before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, average anxiety symptom scores, assessed by the GAD-7, increased (worsened) (from 6.4±5.7 to 7.8±6.6; p<0.001), average depressive symptoms scores, measured by the PHQ-8, increased (worsened) (from 5.5±6.0 to 8.1±6.5; p<0.001), and average SRH decreased (worsened) (from 3.0±0.2 to 2.6±0.2; p<0.001). Worsening anxiety led to worsening depressive symptoms (direct effect = 0.339; p<0.05). A mediation model controlling for age, race, chronic conditions, years until release, and change in social support score found a total effect of change in anxiety on SRH change of -0.04 (p<0.001), of which 34.2% flows indirectly through change in depression (p<0.001). Older incarcerated persons experienced worsening mental health and SRH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research will determine if mental health and SRH improve following vaccination and return to “normal” procedures.

scholarly journals Maternal Prenatal Somatization, Postnatal Depression, and Offspring Temperament During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Louise Buthmann ◽  
Ian Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

Background. Researchers have begun to examine the psychological toll of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. Data are now emerging indicating that there may be long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on new mothers and on children born during this period. Methods. In a longitudinal study of maternal mental health and child emotional development during the pandemic, we conducted online assessments of a cohort of women at two time points: when they were pregnant at the beginning of the surge of the pandemic in the United States (N=725), and approximately one year postpartum (N=296), examining prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health symptoms and infant temperament. Results. Prenatal maternal symptoms of somatization, the number of people in the household with COVID-19 symptoms, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms all were positively associated with infant negative affect. Further, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms mediated the relation between prenatal maternal symptoms of somatization and infant negative affect. Conclusions. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the persistence of mental health symptoms in potentially vulnerable groups and of the emotional development of children who were in utero during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan pada Penduduk dengan Gejala Depresi

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Rofingatul Mubasyiroh ◽  
Sri Idaiani ◽  
Indri Yunita Suryaputri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Abstract Mental health is part of health. Depression is one of the common mental health related to other health problems and a big contributor to Years Life with Disability (YLD). However, it is estimated that three are still 76% and 85% of sufferers in low-income and middle-income countries who do not received services to deal with the problems they experience. This study is a further analysis of IFLS-5 data to see the treatment seeking behavior in people with depressive symptoms and its related factors. The analysis was conducted on population aged 15 years and above. The proportion of depressive symptoms was 23.4% with a higher proportion of women, the populatin not working, living in large families, in the adolescent to young adult age group, and continuing to decline with increasing age. Some 12.5% of the population with depressive symptoms seek treatment . It appears that women have more significant opportunities to access health services. Opportunities to access health services were greater with increasing age. All kind of insurance ownership and living in urban are proven to significantly increase one’s chances of accessiong health services. The still low search for treatment is a joint task to minimize the , by paying more attention to vulnerable groups such as young people, not having insurance and living in rural areas. Abstrak Kesehatan jiwa merupakan bagian dari kesehatan. Depresi adalah salah satu common mental health yang berkaitan dengan masalah kesehatan yang lain, dan penyumbang Years Life with Disability (YLD) yang besar. Namun diperkirakan masih ada 76% dan 85% penderita di negara pendapatan rendah dan negara berpendapatan menengah yang tidak mendapatkan layanan penanganan masalah gangguan yang mereka alami. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data IFLS-5 untuk melihat gambaran perilaku pencarian pengobatan pada penduduk dengan kondisi gejala depresi serta faktor yang berkaitan dengannya. Analisis dilakukan pada penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas. Proporsi gangguan gejala depresi sebesar 23,4%, dengan proporsi lebih tinggi pada perempuan, penduduk tidak bekerja, tinggal dalam keluarga besar, pada kelompok usia remaja-dewasa muda, dan terus menurun seiring peningkatan usia. Sejumlah 12,5% penduduk dengan gejala depresi yang melakukan pencarian pengobatan. Tampak bahwa perempuan lebih berpeluang signifikan untuk mengakses layanan kesehatan. Peluang untuk mengakses layanan kesehatan semakin besar seiring peningkatan usia. Kepemilikan asuransi (semua jenis asuransi) dan tinggal di wilayah perkotaan terbukti signifikan meningkatkan peluang seseorang mengakses layanan kesehatan. Masih rendahnya pencarian pengobatan menjadi tugas bersama untuk memperkecil treatment gap, dengan lebih memperhatikan kelompok rentan seperti usia muda, tidak memiliki asuransi, dan tinggal di perdesaan.

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