scholarly journals Nursing Staff Knowledge of the Hepatitis B Virus Including Attitudes and Acceptance of Hepatitis B Vaccination: Development of an Effective Program

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Mcgrane ◽  
Anthony Staines
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Charge Nurses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Health Physician ◽  
Effective Program

Data for this study in a large tertiary referral teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland were collected by anonymous self administered questionnaires. A total of 137 questionnaires were distributed to nurses working in five wards with a response rate of 88% (120). Objectives included identifying levels of awareness of the infectivity of the hepatitis B virus, ascertaining levels of knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination, and identifying attitudes resulting in acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine. Ninety seven respondents (82%) knew hepatitis B was 100 times more infective than HIV. Ninety eight respondents (83%) had completed a full course of hepatitis B immunizations. Ninety six respondents (93%) reported a hepatitis B antibody level on completion of the immunizations, 13 (14%) knew their actual titer, and 49 of 63 respondents (78%) reported immunity. Factors influencing decisions to accept vaccination included information related to the benefits of the vaccine from an occupational health physician or nurse and the vaccine being provided free of charge. Nurses in this study had an understanding of the hepatitis B infection. The number of nurses choosing to be vaccinated and having an antibody level test performed post-vaccination was high in this group. Most nurses in this study believed they were immune to hepatitis B even though a significant number did not know their hepatitis B antibody level.

scholarly journals Coverage with Timely Administered Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus and Its Influence on the Prevalence of HBV Infection in the Regions of Different Endemicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Karen K. Kyuregyan ◽  
Vera S. Kichatova ◽  
Olga V. Isaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Potemkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Malinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
B Virus

Universal hepatitis B vaccination of newborns was implemented in Russia starting from 1998. From 1998 to 2019, the incidence of acute hepatitis B reduced from 43.8 to 0.57 cases per 100,000 population. Here, we assessed the timely coverage of newborns with the birth dose (HepB-BD), second dose (HepB-2nd), and three vaccine doses (HepB3) in two remote regions of Russia with low (Belgorod Oblast) and high (Yakutia) levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity. Vaccination data were obtained from the medical records of 1000 children in Yakutia and 2182 children in Belgorod Oblast. Sera of healthy volunteers from Belgorod Oblast (n = 1754) and Yakutia (n = 1072) across all age groups were tested for serological markers of HBV to assess the infection prevalence and herd immunity. Average HepB-BD coverage was 99.2% in Yakutia and 89.4% in Belgorod Oblast (p < 0.0001) and in both regions varied significantly, from 66% to 100%, between medical centers. The principal reason for the absence of HepB-BD was parent refusal, which accounted for 63.5% of cases of non-vaccination (83/123). While timely HepB-2nd coverage was only 55.4%–64.7%: HepB3 coverage by the age of one year exceeded 90% in both study regions. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.01–1.3%) in Belgorod Oblast and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–5.2%) in Yakutia. The proportion of persons testing negative for both antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 26.2% (125/481) in Belgorod Oblast and 32.3% (162/501) in Yakutia. We also assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards vaccination among 782 students and teachers of both medical and non-medical specialties from Belgorod State University. Only 60% of medical students knew that hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Both medical and nonmedical students, 37.8% and 31.3%, respectively, expressed concerns about safety and actual necessity of vaccination. These data indicate the need to introduce a vaccine delivery audit system, improve medical education with respect to vaccination strategies and policies, and reinforce public knowledge on the benefits of vaccination.

Molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype a confer a higher response rate to interferon treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hou ◽  
R. Schilling ◽  
H.L.A. Janssen ◽  
R.A. Heijtink ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Genotype A

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers, Makueni County, Kenya 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Kisangau ◽  
A Awour ◽  
B Juma ◽  
D Odhiambo ◽  
T Muasya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a vaccine-preventable infection that can spread in healthcare setting. Data on HBV infections and vaccine in African healthcare workers (HCWs) are limited. We estimated HBV infection prevalence, hepatitis B vaccination status and identified factors associated with vaccination in one Kenyan county. Methods Randomly selected HCWs completed a questionnaire about HBV exposure and self-reported immunization histories, and provided blood for testing of selected HBV biomarkers to assess HBV infection and vaccination status: HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs). Prevalence odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with vaccination. Results Among 312 HCWs surveyed, median age was 31 years (range: 19–67 years). Of 295 blood samples tested, 13 (4%) were anti-HBc and HBsAg-positive evidencing chronic HBV infection; 139 (47%) had protective anti-HBs levels. Although 249 (80%) HCWs received ≥1 HBV vaccine dose, only 119 (48%) received all three recommended doses. Complete vaccination was more likely among those working in hospitals compared to those working in primary healthcare facilities (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.3). Conclusion We recommend strengthening county HCW vaccination, and collecting similar data nationally to guide HBV prevention and control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anti-HBc total positivity in an impoverished Urban Community in Banglades

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Chanchal Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Mukta Nath ◽  
Syed Alamgir Safwath ◽  
Santosh Kumar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Total Positivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
B Virus

The infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to the lack of health education, poverty, illiteracy and Hepatitis B vaccination. No widespread population based data of HBV is available in the country's aspect. So, a population-based serological survey was done to determine the prevalence of the Hepatitis B core antibody total (IgM+IgG) in an impoverished Urban Community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 healthy individuals and age between 18-60 years from the urban slum in Dhaka city. The study was implemented through collaboration with Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2013. The study participants were selected through systematic sampling procedure and blood tested for anti-HBc. Anti-HBc estimations were carried out by VITROS Immune diagnostic assay. The study was pertained Ethical permission from Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) and every participant was informed regarding their written informed consent. Among the 384 respondents, 183(47.6%) individuals were positive for the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc). The anti HBc positive group consisted almost of equal number of male 93, (24.2%) and female 90 (23.4%). There was a significantly increasing prevalence of the core antibody among young adults and middle age of the respondents (28.7%). Major risk factors for exposure to Hepatitis B appeared to be Ear-nose-body piercing, Circumcision by Hajam, unsafe blood transfusion and unsterile dental intervention. High prevalence of hepatitis B Core antibody (47.6%) indicates that the members of this urban community are highly exposed to hepatitis B virus.

scholarly journals Effect of a Community-Based Hepatitis B Virus Infection Detection Combined with Vaccination Program in China

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Xinyao Liu ◽  
Wuqi Qiu ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qian Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
And Control

Evidence on the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening and vaccination programs remains rare in China. We used a quasi-experimental method, propensity score matching, to evaluate the effects of a community-based HBV infection detection combined with vaccination (HBVIDV) program in a pilot. Data were retrieved from the HBVIDV program implemented between July 2019 and June 2020. Outcomes were the difference between the treatment and control groups in hepatitis B vaccination (≥1 dose), hepatitis B vaccine series completion (≥3 doses), and serologic evidence of vaccine-mediated immunity. Altogether, 26,180 individuals were included, where 6160 (23.5%) individuals were assigned to the treatment group, and 20,020 (76.5%) individuals were assigned to the control group. After propensity score matching, 5793 individuals were matched. The rates of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B vaccine series completion, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity in the treatment and control groups were 29.0% vs. 17.8%, 22.1% vs. 13.1%, and 38.2% vs. 27.6%, respectively. The HBVIDV program was significantly associated with increased hepatitis B vaccination rate (OR, 1.884, 95% CI 1.725–2.057), hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate (OR, 1.872, 95% CI 1.696–2.065), and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity (OR, 1.623, 95% CI 1.501–1.755). The greater magnitude of association between HBVIDV program and outcomes was observed among adults aged 35–54 years and adults who live in rural areas. The HBVIDV program was effective in increasing the hepatitis B vaccination rate, hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity among adults in the pilot. Further focusing the program on special populations and regions may produce more effective results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-HBs Antibody Immune Response against Hepatitis B virus in Vaccinated People in а North-eastern Bulgaria Region

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578
Author(s):  
Denitsa T. Tsaneva-Damyanova ◽  
Liliya I. Ivanova ◽  
Silviya N. Pavlova ◽  
Svetlana B. Todorova ◽  
Tsvetelina K. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mass Immunization

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most significant human pathogens responsible for a huge number of acute and chronic liver infectious diseases worldwide. Aim: To find the duration of post-vaccination immune response in individuals allocated to five age groups from 6 months to 20 years. Materials and methods: All tested subjects were born between 1999 and 2018 and therefore covered by the compulsory vaccination program against hepatitis B. For the serological marker anti-HBs Ab we investigated 449 serum samples taken from ambulatory people and patients of St Marina University Hospital in Varna. Results: A positive antibody response (anti-HBs Ab > 10 mIU/ml) was reported in 79.7% (n = 51) of the group of subjects up to one year old, in 70.0% (n = 196) of the subjects in the age range 1 year/1 month to 15 years, and in 39.3% (n = 33) of the subjects 15 years/1 month to 20 years old. Female sex had a better post-vaccination response than male sex with statistically significant relationship between sex and anti-HBs Ab titer (&chi;2 = 24.76, p <0.01). Conclusions: Regardless of the mass immunization against HBV in Bulgaria, the relative share of chronic HBV infections does not show a downward trend. Therefore, it is very important to study the duration of the post-vaccination immune response by demonstrating the anti-HBs antibodies and to apply a booster dose from the vaccine if needed.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatitis B Co-infection in HIV-Infected Patients Despite Prior Hepatitis B Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rolland ◽  
L. Antonova ◽  
J. Powis ◽  
T. Murdoch ◽  
D. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

Clinicians often assume that patients vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) have immunity. We report three cases of acute HBV infection in HBV-vaccinated HIV patients. These cases illustrate that patients at an elevated risk of HBV exposure presenting with acute hepatitis should be tested for HBV infection regardless of previous vaccination status.

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