scholarly journals Regional Chances, Regional Constraints?: Transition to Adulthood and Intergenerational Ties in Regional Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Ariane Bertogg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Intergenerational Ties ◽  
Political Economic

Emerging adulthood entails a profound change in child–parent relationships. This development is influenced by the societal context, both on the national and the regional level. Previous studies have confirmed the role of political, economic, and cultural characteristics in explaining differences between countries in young adults’ life-course developments and intergenerational ties. Systematic regionally comparative research on the role of these factors, on the other hand, is still lacking. The aim of this article is to investigate how regional characteristics influence young adults’ intergenerational ties. Drawing on the example of Switzerland, the multilevel analyses use data from the Transitions from Education to Employment study. The findings indicate that different welfare regimes, labor markets, and cultures not only have an indirect effect by shaping opportunities and frames of orientation for life-course developments but also directly influence the intergenerational ties of young adults.

Autistic Young Adults’, Parents’, and Practitioners’ Expectations of the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 216514342096766
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Curtiss ◽  
Gloria K. Lee ◽  
Jina Chun ◽  
Heekyung Lee ◽  
Hung Jen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Parental Expectations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Parental expectations are important for autistic youth during the transition to adulthood, but less is known about the expectations of other stakeholder groups. The current study examines the similarities and differences in expectations among autistic youth, parents, and professionals. Data were collected through six focus groups with 24 participants (7 parents, 11 professionals, and 6 young adults on the autism spectrum). Thematic analysis was used to identify five themes: normative hopes, living with uncertainty, mismatch of reality and expectations, impairments shape expectations, and services dictate expectations. Autistic youth expressed the most optimism for the transition to adulthood. All stakeholder groups touched on the tension between matching expectations with abilities; however, only professionals indicated a direct relation between expectations and abilities. Both parents and professionals highlighted the role of service availability in shaping expectations.

澳門社會福利模式: 一個生産主導福利模式

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
偉良 賴
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Social Welfare System ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Welfare Model

本文的目標是分析澳門社會福利體系的特徵及探討它的模式。它的特徵包括偏低水平的社會福利開支，福利混合主義之供應模式，較低水平的社會權發展，有限度減少社會分層化，福利發展主要被政治經濟因素所主導。其實，澳門的社會福利體系擁有其他東亞地區福利體制之主要特徵，故它亦屬於生産主導福利模式。 This article is aimed to outline the features of Macao's social welfare system and identify its welfare model. The analysis shows that the welfare system is characterized by its low social welfare expenditure, mixed economy of welfare, underdevelopment of social rights, restricted impact on social stratification and the dominant role of the political-economic factors in social policy-making. It is argued that Macao's social welfare system has shared most of key features of other East Asian welfare regimes and therefore it can be regarded as a productivist welfare model.

Schooling in the Course of Human Lives: The Social Context of Education and the Transition to Adulthood in Industrial Society

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Pallas
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cross National

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. First, I examine conceptual issues in the study of schooling and the life course, drawing heavily on the sociological literature. I then consider the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood in the United States, and the consequences of variations in the timing and sequencing of schooling for adult social and economic success. I then discuss the role of social structure, norms, and institutional arrangements in the transition to adulthood, with special attention to cross-national comparisons with the U. S. and historical changes within countries. I conclude with speculations regarding trends in the role of schooling in the life course, and some directions for future research on this topic.

Transitions to adulthood and psychological distress in young adults born 12 years apart: constraints on and resources for development

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sacker ◽  
N. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Roles

BackgroundLater transitions to adult roles and responsibilities have been linked with better psychological well-being yet psychological distress has risen despite young people making the transition to adulthood at older ages over recent years.MethodWe examine the role of structural constraints and adolescent resources in the relationship between the timing of transitions and psychological distress in early adult life in the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Graphical chain models were used to examine the influences on timing of four key transitions and their relationship with psychological distress (Malaise Inventory). The role of structural factors at birth (gender, social class) and adolescent resources (psychosocial problems, exam grades) were modelled.ResultsAn earlier transition to adult roles was associated with an increased risk for psychological distress but so was failing to make some key transitions. Structural constraints had negative effects on successful development. Persistent social class and gender inequalities in psychological distress were evident in both cohorts. Social class constraints were mediated by educational resources whereas gender constraints were mediated by psychosocial resources. The influence of structural constraints on the timing of transitions to adult roles was more complex with evidence of positive and negative mediation and moderation effects.ConclusionsDelaying transition to adulthood promotes psychological health but failure of transition to independent living is associated with psychological distress. Life-course transitions are constrained by social origin and gender and possibly economic environment. Adolescent resources help young adults to make timely transitions to adult roles.

scholarly journals The Persistent Influence of Socio-Economic Background on Family Formation Pathways and Disadvantage in Young Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Jarl Mooyaart
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and economic (dis)advantage and reveals to what extent the influence of parental education on family formation persists over time, i.e. across birth cohorts. The second part of this chapter examines to what extent the influence of socio-economic background persists over the life-course. This part covers: (1) the influence of parental education on union formation over the life-course, and (2) the influence of socio-economic background on income trajectories in young adulthood, after adjusting for the career and family pathways that young adults followed during the transition to adulthood, thereby examining the influence of socio-economic background on income beyond the first stage of young adulthood. This chapter reveals two key insights on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and (dis)advantage: (1) Whereas union and family formation patterns have changed across birth cohorts, socio-economic background continues to stratify union and family formation pathways; (2) Although the influence of socio-economic background on family formation and young adults’ economic position decreases throughout young adulthood, socio-economic background continues to have an impact in young adulthood.

Effects of Incarceration on Labor Market Outcomes Among Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Harding ◽  
Anh P. Nguyen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Morenoff ◽  
Shawn D. Bushway
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Critical Life Events ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter examines the effect of imprisonment on labor-market outcomes for young adults. The life-course framework suggests that imprisonment may be particularly consequential for young people making the transition to adulthood. It emphasizes the sequential connections between critical life events and the role of early events in establishing trajectories of advantage or disadvantage over the life course. Drawing on data on young adults sentenced for felonies between 2003 and 2006 in Michigan and leveraging a natural experiment based on the random assignment of judges, this chapter estimates the effect of imprisonment versus probation on various employment outcomes. Imprisonment has substantively large negative effects on employment. Effects are largest 1 year after sentencing, when incapacitation removes most prisoners from the labor market, but persist to the 5-year point. Effects are also larger for whites than nonwhites, reflecting low employment among nonwhites in the comparison group.

Bridging sociology of religion to transition to adulthood: The emerging role of religion in young adults’ lives

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-443
Author(s):  
Gowoon Jung ◽  
Hyunjoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The sociology of religion has not systematically explored the emerging roles of religion in the whole process of the transition to adulthood, especially in the changing contexts of delayed and complicated transitions to adulthood. Seeking to bridge the two different fields of sociology, we identify four directions of research: (1) a multidimensional approach that identifies the different dimensions of religion with varying degrees of relationship to young adults’ lives; (2) a close attention to racial/ethnic variation in the roles of religion for the transition to adulthood; (3) an open inquiry into the changing importance of religion for young adults in a rapidly shifting neoliberal global economy; and (4) the detrimental effects of religion in the transition to adulthood. We call for more research on the increasingly complex relationship between religion and the transition to adulthood.

scholarly journals On the role of cultures of (out-)migration in the migration decisions of young people in shrinking regions of Central Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
Frank Meyer ◽  
Tim Leibert
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Shrinking Regions ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract. The patterns, motivations, and consequences of the outmigration of young adults from rural areas is a classic topic in population geography. In our paper, we first take a critical look at statistical analyses and cartographic representations of migration patterns of young adults in rural areas using Central Germany1 as an example, stressing the shortcomings of quantitative analyses of residential mobility. We argue that migration is a complex social process, taking place as the result of the interplay of demographic, socio-structural, political, economic, and production-related factors involving the mobile individuals, as well as other actors, discourses, and practices. Following this, we discuss the emergence of cultures of (out-)migration in rural areas characterised by heightened mobility over longer periods of time and possible approaches to analyse such regional phenomena. We hence aim at a deepening of the concept of “culture of migration” and an expansion of the debate on motives and practices of migration to include psychological approaches, as well as a complex systems perspective.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards Family Formation Among Young Adults in Brunei Darussalam

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Norainie Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Age Range

This study examines young adults’ attitudes towards marriage and family formation in Bruneian society. Questionnaires were distributed to a group of undergraduate students aged 17-31. Findings show that the majority of young adults in the study expected to be married within an ideal age range of 25-29, a period in their lives when they also ideally want to have their first child. However, respondents overwhelmingly agree that marriage should take place after graduating from university, and more importantly, after finding a stable job. This signifies not only an idealisation of a sequence of life course events that diverges from the traditional Bruneian Malay Muslim cultural narrative(in terms of timing of marriage and family formation), but also suggests increasingly heterogeneous life course pathways that might not be as predictable, given the challenges in securing a job (or a spouse), after graduation. This study, thus, sheds light on the transition to adulthood among Bruneians, and offers a glimpse of the motivations behind increasing ages at first marriage, increasing proportions of female singlehood, and apparent desires for smaller families that characterise the Bruneian population today.

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