scholarly journals Significance of Lumbar MRI in Diagnosis of Sacral Insufficiency Fracture

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822094182
Author(s):  
Isabel Graul ◽  
Sophia Vogt ◽  
Patrick Strube ◽  
Alexander Hölzl
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insufficiency Fracture ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture ◽  
X Ray

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnostic algorithm of sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF). The primary objective was to compare the sensitivity in fracture detection and correct fracture classification according to MRI and computed tomography (CT). The secondary objective was to identify differences of additional pathologies found in MRI of the lumbar spine and the pelvis and their rates. Methods: A total of 943 patients (from 2010 to 2017) with fracture of the pelvic ring were screened. All patients without high-energy trauma and radiologic diagnostics consisting of X-ray, CT, and MRI of the pelvis or the lumbar spine including the sacrum were included. Differences in fracture detection and description in the various radiologic procedures were evaluated. Detection rates of additional pathologies in MRI of the pelvis and lumbar spine were recorded. Results: A total of 77 subjects were included. The sensitivities for SIF were 14% in X-ray and 88% in CT, and all fractures were detected in MRI. MRI showed a more complex fracture pattern compared with CT in 65% of the cases. Additional pathologies were seen in MRI of the lumbar spine (51%) and that of the pelvis (18%). Conclusions: We suggest performing MRI of the lumbar spine including the sacrum with coronal STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence for elderly patients with suddenly increasing low back pain at an early stage. This procedure might improve fracture detection, classification, and recognition of concomitant pathologies.

scholarly journals The Necessity of CT Hip Scans in the Investigation of Occult Hip Fractures and Their Effect on Patient Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Thomas Gatt ◽  
Daniel Cutajar ◽  
Lara Borg ◽  
Ryan Giordmaina
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Geriatric Trauma ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occult Hip Fractures

The diagnostic challenge of negative plain radiography in the context of a previously ambulatory patient is increasing with the rise in geriatric trauma. These patients are often diagnosed with small undisplaced fractures of the pelvis and femur which may not alter management. This study aims to assess the frequency at which computed tomography (CT) hip scans altered patient management and whether two X-ray projections of the hip affected fracture detection rate. All CT hip scans performed over a three-year period were identified retrospectively. Only CT hips pertaining to the identification of occult fractures were included in the study. A total of 447 (63.6%) CT hips were performed to exclude an occult fracture, which was only detected in 108 (24.1%) of the scans requested. The majority were subcapital (n = 58, 53.7%) or intertrochanteric (n = 39, 36.1%). There was no significant difference between fracture detection rates when comparing one and two views of the pelvis. 82.4% (n = 89) of occult hip fractures were managed operatively. CT imaging led to a change in patient management in 20% of cases. The frequency at which CT scan detects and alters management in occult hip fractures confirms the justification for its use. Increasing the number of X-ray projection views does not decrease the reliance on CT. Pelvic ring fractures are common in nonambulatory patients following trauma, and if confirmed on initial imaging, subsequent imaging to exclude a concurrent occult hip is unnecessary. The focus of further research should be towards the development of investigation algorithms which decrease the reliance on CT and defining the optimal surgical criteria for occult hip fractures.

scholarly journals Radiological changes among artistic gymnasts in Gauteng Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Adele Geldenhuys-Koolen ◽  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Yoga Coopoo
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Background. The skeletal immaturity of competitive female gymnasts allows for a unique physiological predisposition to injuries as a result of the spine, limbs, ankles and wrists still growing. Studies have shown that lower back (spinal) injuries account for approximately 12% of injuries in female gymnasts.Objectives. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of radiological changes in female artistic gymnasts in South Africa. A further objective was to determine whether these radiological changes were associated with symptoms and with the amount of time spent training.Methods. A sample of 40 female artistic gymnasts with a mean of age 15.2 years (range 10 - 31) was included in the study. Thirty-one were active gymnasts and nine were retired at the time of the current study. Measuring instruments included questionnaires and X-rays.Results. X-ray analysis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic gymnasts showed no significant differences. Of the 18 gymnasts training <25 h/week, 13 (72%) had degenerative changes detectable by X-ray. Of the 22 gymnasts training >25 h/week, 15 (68%) had degenerative changes detected by X-ray. Radiological changes were higher than those in other studies.Conclusion. The prevalence of radiological changes was higher than international norms, however there was little difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic gymnasts. Patient self-reports of symptoms had little value in diagnosing change in the lumbar spine. Training duration affected the prevalence of changes in the lumbar spine and could be related to conditioning and experience.

scholarly journals X-Ray-Based Irradiation of Larvae and Pupae of the Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1685-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Haff ◽  
Inna Ovchinnikova ◽  
Peishih Liang ◽  
Noreen Mahoney ◽  
Wai Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract The suitability of adult male the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been reported for both high energy gamma (&gt;1 MeV) and low energy x-ray (90 keV) sterilization. However, research regarding sterilization of NOW larvae and pupae by gamma irradiation indicated nonsuitability due to high mortality. Here, NOW larvae and pupae were irradiated to doses up to 50 Gy with 90 keV x-rays, then paired with nonirradiated colony mates. Sterility of surviving insects was determined by the presence or absence of hatched neonates. While presence of offspring does not guarantee viability, the absence does guarantee sterility (as is appropriate for SIT) and was thus the measure used here. Early stage larvae experienced 77% mortality at a dose of 30 Gy, versus 20% for nonirradiated control. At 40 Gy, mortality reached 98%. Of surviving early stage larvae at 30 Gy, 29% of moth pairs produced offspring. For late stage larvae, no offspring were produced at 40 Gy, but mortality was 73%. For pupae, mortality reached 53% at 30 Gy with 13% still producing neonates, while mortality reached 98% at 40 Gy. These results are consistent with reported results for gamma irradiation of NOW larvae where sterility was observed somewhere between the 30 Gy and 60 Gy data points, but mortality was high. This further confirms the lack of suitability of NOW irradiated in the larval stage, whether by gamma or x-ray, and supports the hypothesis that x-ray and gamma treatments are biologically equivalent at equal doses.

scholarly journals Beamline P02.1 at PETRA III for high-resolution and high-energy powder diffraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Dippel ◽  
Hanns-Peter Liermann ◽  
Jan Torben Delitz ◽  
Peter Walter ◽  
Horst Schulte-Schrepping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Beam Quality ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray

Powder X-ray diffraction techniques largely benefit from the superior beam quality provided by high-brilliance synchrotron light sources in terms of photon flux and angular resolution. The High Resolution Powder Diffraction Beamline P02.1 at the storage ring PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) combines these strengths with the power of high-energy X-rays for materials research. The beamline is operated at a fixed photon energy of 60 keV (0.207 Å wavelength). A high-resolution monochromator generates the highly collimated X-ray beam of narrow energy bandwidth. Classic crystal structure determination in reciprocal space at standard and non-ambient conditions are an essential part of the scientific scope as well as total scattering analysis using the real space information of the pair distribution function. Both methods are complemented byin situcapabilities with time-resolution in the sub-second regime owing to the high beam intensity and the advanced detector technology for high-energy X-rays. P02.1's efficiency in solving chemical and crystallographic problems is illustrated by presenting key experiments that were carried out within these fields during the early stage of beamline operation.

The In Situ Study on the Micro-Structural Characters of IF Steel at Early Stage of Recrystallization Using High-Energy X-Ray

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 972-977
Author(s):  
He Tong ◽  
Yan Dong Liu ◽  
Q.W. Jiang ◽  
Y. Ren ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Rolled

High-energy synchrotron diffraction offers great potential for experimental study of recrystallization kinetics. A fine experimental design to study the recrystallization mechanism of Interstitial Free (IF) steel was implemented in this work. In-situ annealing process of cold-rolled IF steel with 80% reduction was observed using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Results show that, the diffraction intensity of {001}<110> and {112}<110> belong to α-fiber texture component decreased with the annealing temperature increased while {111}<110> did nearly not change and {111}<112> increased; the FMTH decreasing and d-space changing with annealing temperature increasing indicated that the residual stress relaxed completely during recovery.

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Fe25Al57.5Ni17.5 by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1318-1321
Author(s):  
Qi Zhi Cao ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Nanostructured Fe25Al57.5Ni17.5intermetallics was prepared directly by mechanical alloying (MA) in a high-energy planetary ball-mill. The phase transformations and structural changes occurring in the studied material during mechanical alloying were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal behavior of the milled powders was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Disordered Al(Fe,Ni) solid solution was formed at the early stage. After 50 h of milling, Al(Fe,Ni) solid solution transformed into Al3Ni2，AlFe3，AlFe0.23Ni0.77 phase. The power annealed at temperature 500 results in forming of intermetallics AlFe3 and FeNi3 after 5h milling. The nanocrystalline intermetallic compound was obtained after 500h milling.

X-ray microstructure characterization of ball-milled nanocrystalline microwave dielectric CaZrO3by Rietveld method

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Manik ◽  
S. K. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Dielectric

The microwave dielectric CaZrO3has been prepared in nanocrystalline form by high-energy ball milling an equimolar powder mixture of CaO and monoclinic (m) ZrO2. The formation of CaZrO3is noticed in the X-ray diffraction pattern of 2 h ball-milled powder. At the early stage of milling, up to 4 h, the weight fraction of CaZrO3increases rapidly and then slowly reaches almost the saturation value of ∼73 wt% within 18 h of milling. It is observed that in the course of milling, the weight fraction ofc-ZrO2increases continuously from its starting value, ∼2.5 wt%, to ∼43 wt% within 2 h of milling, and then reduces slowly to its starting value. It seems that thec-ZrO2phase has been stabilized by CaO and takes part in the formation of CaZrO3by mechanochemical reaction of nanocrystalline CaO andc-ZrO2crystallites. However, post-annealing of 2, 6 and 18 h ball-milled samples results in the formation of ∼95 wt% CaZrO3phase. The formation mechanism, phase transition kinetics, structure and microstructure changes in terms of lattice imperfections and relative phase abundances of individual phases have been estimated from the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data of unmilled, ball-milled and post-annealed samples by Rietveld powder structure refinement.

High-purity Ge x-ray detectors: Sensitivity factors and usefulness

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
E. B. Steel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Charge Resolution ◽  
Sensitivity Factors

High Purity Germanium (HPGe) x-ray detectors are now commercially available for the analytical electron microscope (AEM). The detectors have superior efficiency at high x-ray energies and superior resolution compared to traditional lithium-drifted silicon [Si(Li)] detectors. However, just as for the Si(Li), the use of the HPGe detectors requires the determination of sensitivity factors for the quantitative chemical analysis of specimens in the AEM. Detector performance, including incomplete charge, resolution, and durability has been compared to a first generation detector. Sensitivity factors for many elements with atomic numbers 10 through 92 have been determined at 100, 200, and 300 keV. This data is compared to Si(Li) detector sensitivity factors.The overall sensitivity and utility of high energy K-lines are reviewed and discussed. Many instruments have one or more high energy K-line backgrounds that will affect specific analytes. One detector-instrument-specimen holder combination had a consistent Pb K-line background while another had a W K-line background.

Designing high-resolution slow scan CCD-based TEM camera systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso ◽  
William B. Maxwell ◽  
Russell E. Camp ◽  
Mark H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scintillating Fiber

The imaging requirements for 1000 line CCD camera systems include resolution, sensitivity, and field of view. In electronic camera systems these characteristics are determined primarily by the performance of the electro-optic interface. This component converts the electron image into a light image which is ultimately received by a camera sensor.Light production in the interface occurs when high energy electrons strike a phosphor or scintillator. Resolution is limited by electron scattering and absorption. For a constant resolution, more energy deposition occurs in denser phosphors (Figure 1). In this respect, high density x-ray phosphors such as Gd2O2S are better than ZnS based cathode ray tube phosphors. Scintillating fiber optics can be used instead of a discrete phosphor layer. The resolution of scintillating fiber optics that are used in x-ray imaging exceed 20 1p/mm and can be made very large. An example of a digital TEM image using a scintillating fiber optic plate is shown in Figure 2.

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