scholarly journals Radiological changes among artistic gymnasts in Gauteng Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Adele Geldenhuys-Koolen ◽  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Yoga Coopoo
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Background. The skeletal immaturity of competitive female gymnasts allows for a unique physiological predisposition to injuries as a result of the spine, limbs, ankles and wrists still growing. Studies have shown that lower back (spinal) injuries account for approximately 12% of injuries in female gymnasts.Objectives. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of radiological changes in female artistic gymnasts in South Africa. A further objective was to determine whether these radiological changes were associated with symptoms and with the amount of time spent training.Methods. A sample of 40 female artistic gymnasts with a mean of age 15.2 years (range 10 - 31) was included in the study. Thirty-one were active gymnasts and nine were retired at the time of the current study. Measuring instruments included questionnaires and X-rays.Results. X-ray analysis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic gymnasts showed no significant differences. Of the 18 gymnasts training <25 h/week, 13 (72%) had degenerative changes detectable by X-ray. Of the 22 gymnasts training >25 h/week, 15 (68%) had degenerative changes detected by X-ray. Radiological changes were higher than those in other studies.Conclusion. The prevalence of radiological changes was higher than international norms, however there was little difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic gymnasts. Patient self-reports of symptoms had little value in diagnosing change in the lumbar spine. Training duration affected the prevalence of changes in the lumbar spine and could be related to conditioning and experience.

scholarly journals Significance of Lumbar MRI in Diagnosis of Sacral Insufficiency Fracture

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822094182
Author(s):  
Isabel Graul ◽  
Sophia Vogt ◽  
Patrick Strube ◽  
Alexander Hölzl
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insufficiency Fracture ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture ◽  
X Ray

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnostic algorithm of sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF). The primary objective was to compare the sensitivity in fracture detection and correct fracture classification according to MRI and computed tomography (CT). The secondary objective was to identify differences of additional pathologies found in MRI of the lumbar spine and the pelvis and their rates. Methods: A total of 943 patients (from 2010 to 2017) with fracture of the pelvic ring were screened. All patients without high-energy trauma and radiologic diagnostics consisting of X-ray, CT, and MRI of the pelvis or the lumbar spine including the sacrum were included. Differences in fracture detection and description in the various radiologic procedures were evaluated. Detection rates of additional pathologies in MRI of the pelvis and lumbar spine were recorded. Results: A total of 77 subjects were included. The sensitivities for SIF were 14% in X-ray and 88% in CT, and all fractures were detected in MRI. MRI showed a more complex fracture pattern compared with CT in 65% of the cases. Additional pathologies were seen in MRI of the lumbar spine (51%) and that of the pelvis (18%). Conclusions: We suggest performing MRI of the lumbar spine including the sacrum with coronal STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence for elderly patients with suddenly increasing low back pain at an early stage. This procedure might improve fracture detection, classification, and recognition of concomitant pathologies.

scholarly journals LIGAMENTOSIS OF THE LONG DORSAL SACROILIAC LIGAMENT: OUTSTANDING ISSUES OF RADIOTHERAPY

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
I. V. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Modern Methods

Objective: to systematize the data on the possibility of application of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament. Materials. Publications containing information about the use of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament deposited in PubMed resources and information portal eLIBRARY.RU. Results. The work has sorted out the most important aspects regarding the possibility of application of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of ligamentosis of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament. Conclusion. Modern methods of X-ray diagnostics are able to provide visualization of the posterior long sacroiliac ligaments, but the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria does not make it possible to diagnose degenerative changes (ligamentosis) confidently and, accordingly, to verify the related cases of lower back pain syndrome.

Charcot's Spine with Neurological Deficit: Computed Tomography as an Aid to Treatment

Neurosurgery ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Raynor
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Abstract A patient with Charcot's disease of the lumbar spine presented with weakness of one extremity. Myelographic and x-ray film studies indicated stenosis and compression due to degenerative changes. Although decompression and fusion were considered, computed tomographic scans indicated the wide extent and location of the destructive changes. Nonoperative treatment was elected because of the high risk of fusion failure and instability.

scholarly journals Lumbar spine X-rays for back pain: Still justified as a screening examination in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
A. T. Scher
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Standard teaching in the imaging approach to patients with back pain is that plain X-ray should only be obtained after 3 months of conservative treatment and thorough clinical examination and appropriate laboratory investigations. This approach, while appropriate in first-world countries, may lead to conditions such as tuberculosis of the spine being overlooked. An analysis was therefore made of 1 383 patients with complaints of lower back pain who were referred for X-ray of the lumbar spine. In 28 patients active spinal tuberculosis was diagnosed; in 8 of these patients the diagnosis had not been suspected clinically. It is concluded that in South Africa with its unsophisticated patient population and poor facilities, limited X-ray (lateral and AP view) of the lumbar spine is justified in patients presenting with back pain for the first time.

scholarly journals Detection of Degenerative Changes on MR Images of the Lumbar Spine with a Convolutional Neural Network: A Feasibility Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Nils Christian Lehnen ◽  
Robert Haase ◽  
Jennifer Faber ◽  
Theodor Rüber ◽  
Hartmut Vatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Spinal Canal Stenosis ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
High Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Disc Herniations

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on multiple MR imaging features of the lumbar spine, to detect a variety of different degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. One hundred and forty-six consecutive patients underwent routine clinical MRI of the lumbar spine including T2-weighted imaging and were retrospectively analyzed using a CNN for detection and labeling of vertebrae, disc segments, as well as presence of disc herniation, disc bulging, spinal canal stenosis, nerve root compression, and spondylolisthesis. The assessment of a radiologist served as the diagnostic reference standard. We assessed the CNN’s diagnostic accuracy and consistency using confusion matrices and McNemar’s test. In our data, 77 disc herniations (thereof 46 further classified as extrusions), 133 disc bulgings, 35 spinal canal stenoses, 59 nerve root compressions, and 20 segments with spondylolisthesis were present in a total of 888 lumbar spine segments. The CNN yielded a perfect accuracy score for intervertebral disc detection and labeling (100%), and moderate to high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of disc herniations (87%; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.89), extrusions (86%; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.89), bulgings (76%; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.78), spinal canal stenoses (98%; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99), nerve root compressions (91%; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.92), and spondylolisthesis (87.61%; 95% CI: 85.26, 89.21), respectively. Our data suggest that automatic diagnosis of multiple different degenerative changes of the lumbar spine is feasible using a single comprehensive CNN. The CNN provides high diagnostic accuracy for intervertebral disc labeling and detection of clinically relevant degenerative changes such as spinal canal stenosis and disc extrusion of the lumbar spine.

Bone density and bone health alteration in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Suthar ◽  
B. V. Chaithanya Reddy ◽  
Manisha Malviya ◽  
Titiksha Sirari ◽  
Savita Verma Attri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Z Score ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compression Fractures

Abstract Objectives Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are at increased risk for compromised bone health, manifesting as low-impact trauma long bone fractures and vertebral compression fractures. Methods In a prospective observational study, we studied bone health parameters in North Indian boys with DMD. We consecutively enrolled ambulatory boys with DMD on glucocorticoid therapy. Bone health was evaluated with X-ray spine, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum calcium, vitamin D3 (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, and N terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (Ntx) levels. Results A total of 76 boys with DMD were enrolled. The median age was 8.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 7.04–10.77) years. Among these, seven (9.2%) boys had long bone fractures, and four (5.3%) had vertebral compression fractures. Fifty-four (71%) boys underwent DXA scan, and among these 31 (57%) had low bone mineral density (BMD, ≤−2 z-score) at the lumbar spine. The mean BMD z-score at the lumbar spine was −2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.8, −2.8), and at the femoral neck was −2.5 (95% CI = −2, −2.9). 25(OH)D levels were deficient in 68 (89.5%, n=76) boys, and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were deficient in all. Mean serum osteocalcin levels were 0.68 ± 0.38 ng/mL (n=54), serum osteopontin levels were 8.6 ± 4.6 pg/mL (n=54) and serum Ntx levels were 891 ± 476 nmol/L (n=54). Boys with low BMD received glucocorticoids for longer duration, in comparison to those with normal BMD (median, IQR [16.9 (6–34) months vs. 7.8 (4.8–13.4) months]; p=0.04). Conclusions Bone health is compromised in North Indian boys with DMD. BMD at the lumbar spine is reduced in more than half of boys with DMD and nearly all had vitamin D deficiency on regular vitamin D supplements. Longer duration of glucocorticoid therapy is a risk factor for low BMD in our cohort.

scholarly journals POS0045 LEAST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN BONE DENSITOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 227.2-228
Author(s):  
D. Claire ◽  
M. Geoffroy ◽  
L. Kanagaratnam ◽  
C. Isabelle ◽  
A. Hittinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Densitometry ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Least Significant Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Change

Background:Dual energy X-ray absoprtiometry is the reference method to mesure bone mineral density (1). Loss of bone mineral density is significant if it exceeds the least significant change. The threshold value used in general population is 0,03 g/cm2 (2). Patients with obesity are known for having a higher bone mineral density due to metabolism and physiopathology characteristics (3,4).Objectives:The aim of our study was to determine the least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity.Methods:We conducted an interventionnal study in 120 patients with obesity who performed a bone densitometry. We measured twice the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, the femoral neck and the total hip in the same time (5,6). We determined the least significant change in bone densitometry from each pair of measurements, using the Bland and Altman method. We also determined the least significant change in bone densitometry according to each stage of obesity.Results:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is 0,046g/cm2 at the lumbar spine, 0.069 g/cm2 at the femoral neck and 0.06 g/cm2 at the total hip.Conclusion:The least significant change in bone densitometry in patients with obesity is higher than in general population. These results may improve DXA interpretation in this specific population, and may personnalize their medical care.References:[1]Lees B, Stevenson JC. An evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comparison with dual-photon absorptiometry. Osteoporos Int. mai 1992;2(3):146-52.[2]Briot K, Roux C, Thomas T, Blain H, Buchon D, Chapurlat R, et al. Actualisation 2018 des recommandations françaises du traitement de l’ostéoporose post-ménopausique. Rev Rhum. oct 2018;85(5):428-40.[3]Shapses SA, Pop LC, Wang Y. Obesity is a concern for bone health with aging. Nutr Res N Y N. mars 2017;39:1-13.[4]Savvidis C, Tournis S, Dede AD. Obesity and bone metabolism. Hormones. juin 2018;17(2):205-17.[5]Roux C, Garnero P, Thomas T, Sabatier J-P, Orcel P, Audran M, et al. Recommendations for monitoring antiresorptive therapies in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum. janv 2005;72(1):26-31.[6]Ravaud P, Reny JL, Giraudeau B, Porcher R, Dougados M, Roux C. Individual smallest detectable difference in bone mineral density measurements. J Bone Miner Res. août 1999;14(8):1449-56.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Ability of radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry to identify osteoporosis status in elderly women with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Caffarelli ◽  
Maria Dea Tomai Pitinca ◽  
Antonella Al Refaie ◽  
Elena Ceccarelli ◽  
Stefano Gonnelli
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased or normal BMD; however fragility fractures represent one of the most important complications of T2DM. Aims This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of the Radiofrequency Echographic multi spectrometry (REMS) technique may improve the identification of osteoporosis in T2DM patients. Methods In a cohort of 90 consecutive postmenopausal elderly (70.5 ± 7.6 years) women with T2DM and in 90 healthy controls we measured BMD at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD), at femoral neck (FN-BMD) and total hip (TH-BMD) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device; moreover, REMS scans were also carried out at the same axial sites. Results DXA measurements were all higher in T2DM than in non-T2DM women; instead, all REMS measurements were lower in T2DM than in non T2DM women. Moreover, the percentage of T2DM women classified as “osteoporotic”, on the basis of BMD by REMS was markedly higher with respect to those classified by DXA (47.0% vs 28.0%, respectively). On the contrary, the percentage of T2DM women classified as osteopenic or normal by DXA was higher with respect to that by REMS (48.8% and 23.2% vs 38.6% and 14.5%, respectively). T2DM women with fragility fractures presented lower values of both BMD-LS by DXA and BMD-LS by REMS with respect to those without fractures; however, the difference was significant only for BMD-LS by REMS (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest that REMS technology may represent a useful approach to enhance the diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM.

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