scholarly journals CT Osteoabsorptiometry Assessment of Subchondral Bone Density Predicts Intervertebral Implant Subsidence in a Human ACDF Cadaver Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110348
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías ◽  
Evan Sheha ◽  
Athan Zavras ◽  
Paul John ◽  
Ashlyn A. Fitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
New Information ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
Cadaveric Model

Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanics study. Objective: Subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) reflects the long-term mineralization and distribution of stress on joints. The use of 3-dimensional (3-D) methods to evaluate sBMD, including computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM), enables the assessment of density distribution with emphasis on subchondral bone. This study sought to measure the sBMD of cervical endplates using CT-OAM and correlate it to mechanical implant subsidence in a cadaveric model. Methods: Fourteen fresh human cadaveric cervical spines were subjected to dynamic testing after single level discectomy and instrumentation using a PEEK interbody spacer. Specimens were imaged with CT 3 times: 1st) whole intact cervical spine, 2nd) after implantation, and 3 rd) after testing. These images were used to assess sBMD distributions using CT-OAM directly underneath the spacer. Subsidence was defined as the displacement of the device into the endplates. Results: The observed “failure mode” was consistently recorded as subsidence, with a mean of 0.45 ± 0.36 mm and 0.40 ± 0.18 mm for the C4-5 and C6-7 levels, respectively. There were no differences by level. The experimental cyclic test showed that denser endplates experienced less deformation under the same load. Conclusions: This study achieved its stated aim of validating the use of CT-OAM as a method to analyze the sBMD of the cervical endplates. Studies such as this are providing new information on available technology such as CT-OAM, providing new tools for clinicians treating spinal conditions in need of augmentation and stabilization via interbody devices.

Long-term effects of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on tibial plateau subchondral bone density in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Leach ◽  
Ursula Krotscheck ◽  
Kelsey J. Goode ◽  
Galina M. Hayes ◽  
Peter Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density

scholarly journals Spatial Subchondral Bone Density Reflecting Joint Loading of the Talus in Different Canidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Walter Dingemanse ◽  
Ingrid Gielen ◽  
Henri van Bree ◽  
Magdalena Müller-Gerbl ◽  
Nikola Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density

Objective Subchondral bone density distribution can be used to study joint biomechanics non-invasively. Differences in joint loading between related species can aid in the understanding of joint loading and the development of certain types of orthopaedic pathology. This study was conducted to evaluate density distribution in the subchondral bone of the talus of different Canidae species, as a parameter reflecting the long-term joint loading in the tarsocrural joint. Materials and Methods The tarsal joints of cadaveric dogs of different breeds were included, that is, German Shepherd (n = 5), Bouvier des Flandres (n = 3) and Labrador Retriever (n = 6).Additionally, golden jackals (n = 5) (Canis aureus) and wolves (n = 5) (Canis lupus) were included. Consecutive computed tomography slices were made and the subchondral bone density distribution was evaluated using computer tomographic osteoabsorptiometry. Different breeds and species were visually compared. Results Differences were found in the subchondral bone density distribution of the talus between breeds and between species (Canis familiaris, Canis lupus and Canis aureus). Discussion and Conclusion Based on the density distribution, there are differences in loading conditions of the tarsocrural joint in different species of Canidae. The joint loading distribution is very similar between dogs of the same breed and within the same species. Although between-breed differences can be explained by conformational differences, the between-species differences remain subject to further research.

scholarly journals Long-term Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Ankle Joint in Soccer Players: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712096308
Author(s):  
Junki Shiota ◽  
Daisuke Momma ◽  
Takayoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Norimasa Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density

Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is considered to accurately reflect the stress distribution over a joint under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the surface of the ankle joint in soccer players can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern under long-term loading. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the ankle joint in soccer players and to determine the effects of soccer activities, including kicking motion, on the ankle joint surface under long-term loading conditions by computed tomography (CT) osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: CT imaging data were obtained from both ankles of 10 soccer players (soccer group) and 10 nonathletic volunteers (control group). The distribution patterns of subchondral bone density across the articular surface of the ankle joints were assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the ankle joint differed between the soccer players and controls. In the soccer players, the high-density areas were found in the anterior part of the distal tibia and proximal talus as well as the distal fibula. The percentages of high-density areas were greater in the soccer players compared with controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surface of the ankle joint was affected by soccer activities. A high stress concentration was seen in soccer players in the anterior part of the tibia and talus and in the fibula; such excessive stress may lead to anterior impingement.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Evaluation of Cervical Endplate Subchondral Bone Mineral Density

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110503
Author(s):  
Athan G. Zavras ◽  
Navya Dandu ◽  
Alejandro A. Espinoza-Orias ◽  
Kern Singh ◽  
Howard S. An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine

Study Design Basic Science. Objective Poor subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) has been linked with subsidence of cervical interbody devices or grafts, which are traditionally placed centrally on the endplates. Considering that sBMD reflects long-term stress distributions, we hypothesize that the cervical uncovertebral joints are denser than the central endplate region. This study sought to investigate density distributions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM). Methods Twelve human cervical spines from C3–C7 (60 vertebrae, 120 endplates) were imaged with CT and segmented to create 3D reconstructions. The superior and inferior endplates were isolated, and the sBMD of the whole endplate, endplate center, and uncus was evaluated using CT-OAM. Density distributions were compared across the subaxial cervical spine. Results The uncinate region of the inferior and superior endplates was significantly denser than the central endplate across all vertebral levels ( P < .01). When comparing sBMD of the whole inferior and superior endplates, the superior endplate was significantly denser than the inferior endplate ( P < .0001). However, the inferior uncus was denser than the superior uncus ( P = .035). When assessing sBMD by vertebral level, peak densities were observed at C4 and C5, while C7 was, on average, significantly less dense than all other vertebrae. Conclusion The subchondral bone of the cervical uncovertebral joints is significantly denser than the central endplates. While the superior endplate in its entirety is denser than the inferior endplate, the inverse was true for the uncovertebral joints. This study serves as a basis for future investigations of new implant designs and their implications on subsidence.

Subchondral Bone Mineral Density Patterns Representing the Loading History of the Wrist Joint

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. HOOGBERGEN ◽  
W. J. NIESSEN ◽  
A. H. SCHUURMAN ◽  
P. H. M. SPAUWEN ◽  
J. M. G. KAUER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Distal Ulna ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lunate Fossa

Ten cadaver wrists were examined with CT-Absorptiometry in order to assess bone density in the subchondral bone. In normal wrists the distal radius contained two centroids of bone density, one in the lunate fossa and another in the scaphoid fossa. Pathologically altered wrists showed a shift in bone density towards the scaphoid fossa, with the subchondral bone in the lunate fossa and distal ulna becoming less dense. Bone density patterns in the wrist reflect the long-term force transmission. As bone density alters according to loading conditions, this method can be used to determine force transmission patterns before and after wrist surgery.

Determinants of bone mineral density in long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Klap B ◽  
L te Winkel M ◽  
den Hoed M ◽  
van Waas M ◽  
J C M M Neggers S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

Changes in bone metabolism associated with exposure to industrial vibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 766-766
Author(s):  
A. V. Sukhova ◽  
E. N. Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

The influence of general and local vibration on bone remodeling processes is investigated. The interrelations between the long - term exposure of industrial vibration and indicators of bone mineral density (T-and Z-criteria), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine) were established.

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