Competing Landed Interests: Customary Claims, Land Titles and Formal Law in Manipur, Circa 1890–1990

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Lalsanglen Haokip
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Anglo Indian

This article provides a long-term perspective on the history of land tenure for over a century in the colonial and post-colonial eras of Manipur, India. Modernisation theory assumes too rigid division between traditional and modern attributes of land laws. The article, however, endorses the view that ‘the Anglo-Indian legal system was distinctly Janus-faced and rested on two contradictory principles’ of public law and personal law (D. A. Washbrook, Modern Asian Studies 15, no. 3 [1981]: 653). The flagship land legislation of Manipur (MLR & LR Act 1960) has been framed within the hill–valley framework. But the hill–valley binary of this public law provided too rigid mechanism to understand the history of legal formalisation. In theory, statutory (public) laws in land apply to only the valley areas of Manipur and customary (personal) law applies to the hill areas. But in practice, there exist different degrees of legal formality.

SLAVERY AND ITS AFTERMATH IN THE MANDARA MOUNTAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1203
Author(s):  
MELCHISEDEK CHÉTIMA
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Resource ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBased on long-term oral historical research in the Mandara Mountains, this article traces the ways in which memories of slavery have been preserved in songs which are usually not part of the more formal oral historical narratives. It historicizes this process by focusing on the selective memories of different generations as well as on the influence of colonial and post-colonial politics, particularly post-1990 democratic politics in Cameroon. The major change over time is the shift from the shameful memory of slavery to be repressed – or treated only obliquely – to its public claim as a political resource after the democratic transition of the 1990s. In retelling the history of being sold as slaves, the residents of the Mandara Mountains reversed the negative meaning of slavery to use it to celebrate their resistance to Islam and to voice political claims. This new narrative congeals around being kirdi, a new regional and trans-religious identity claimed by Christians and pagans in the mountains.

Conclusion

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Becker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islam And Modernity ◽  
The Village ◽  
Big Men

The future of relations between Tanzanian Muslims and the state is in the balance as recriminations between reformists and Bakwata continue, and the outline of potential compromises between Ansar and Lailah Muslims is as yet hard to see. Beyond the acceptance of basic religious practices, being Muslim meant very different things to different people at different times: a privileged connection to coastal sites of exchange for pre-colonial big men; social ascendancy for pre-colonial patricians, but social equality to inter-war immigrants; full participation in the social and ritual life of the village for rural converts in the mid-twentieth century; an increasingly problematic separate allegiance for post-colonial Tanzanians. The permutations of public ritual are covered. The concern about ignorance is not in itself a product of post-colonial political rhetoric. The chapter then discusses the political topography and the distribution of religious affiliations. The history of town and countryside helps in the understanding of the context that has shaped academic representations of Swahili culture as an urban culture. The Ansar and the debate on Islam and modernity are explained. The Islamist movements in the Southeast and East Africa at large draw on allegiances and grievances rooted in both recent and long-term history.

Zakat Distribution in the Context of Shari‘ah Corporate Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Adebayo Rafiu Ibrahim ◽  
Saheed Afolabi Ashafa
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Western Region ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

History of Zakat in Nigeria is not uniform across various regions of the country. Ever before the invasion of the colonialists to the northern part of the country, its collection and disbursement were largely in the hands of the Emirs. This was not the case in the south-western region where Zakat was not given the desired attention by the Muslims and did not win the support of the rulers for proper administration. In the post-colonial Nigeria, Zakat administration in the northern part of the country received a boost consequent upon the re-introduction of Shari'ah legal system to some states in the region. While state governments support its collection and disbursement through agencies set up for the purpose, this is not the case in the southwestern region where no government is involved. This chapter sought to evaluate Zakat distribution in south-western states of Nigeria with a view to determining how compliant with Shari'ah the entire process is.

Atypical Femoral Fracture in McCune-Albright Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Salman Ghaffari ◽  
◽  
Mehran Razavipour ◽  
Parastoo Mohammad Amini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fracture ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Mccune Albright Syndrome ◽  
Café Au Lait Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Albright Syndrome ◽  
Mccune Albright

McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is characterized by endocrinopathies, café-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia. Bisphosphonates are the most prescribed treatment for reducing the pain but their long-term use has been associated with atypical fractures of cortical bones like femur in patients. We present a 23-year-old girl diagnosed with MAS. She had an atypical mid-shaft left femoral fracture that happened during simple walking. She also had a history of long-term use of alendronate. Because of the narrow medullary canal, we used 14 holes hybrid locking plate for the lateral aspect of the thigh to fix the fracture and 5 holes dynamic compression plate (instead of the intramedullary nail) in the anterior surface to double fix it, reducing the probability of device failure. With double plate fixation and discontinuation of alendronate, the complete union was achieved five months after surgery

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

The natural history of pituitary apoplexy: long term follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Shaikh ◽  
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar ◽  
Giselle Sharaf ◽  
David Price ◽  
Maneesh Udiawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

1386-P: Long-Term Weight Change after Pregnancy and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1386-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
CHARLES QUESENBERRY ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
History Of

Update on the Boundaries of the Curly Birch Range

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
L.V. Vetchinnikova ◽  
◽  
A.F. Titov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Karelian Birch

The article reports on the application of the best known principles for mapping natural populations of curly (Karelian) birch Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti – one of the most appealing representatives of the forest tree flora. Relying on the synthesis and analysis of the published data amassed over nearly 100 years and the data from own full-scale studies done in the past few decades almost throughout the area where curly birch has grown naturally, it is concluded that its range outlined in the middle of the 20th century and since then hardly revised is outdated. The key factors and reasons necessitating its revision are specified. Herewith it is suggested that the range is delineated using the population approach, and the key element will be the critical population size below which the population is no longer viable in the long term. This approach implies that the boundaries of the taxon range depend on the boundaries of local populations (rather than the locations of individual trees or small clumps of trees), the size of which should not be lower than the critical value, which is supposed to be around 100–500 trees for curly birch. A schematic map of the curly birch range delineated using this approach is provided. We specially address the problem of determining the minimum population size to secure genetic diversity maintenance. The advantages of the population approach to delineating the distribution range of curly birch with regard to its biological features are highlighted. The authors argue that it enables a more accurate delineation of the range; shows the natural evolutionary history of the taxon (although it is not yet officially recognized as a species) and its range; can be relatively easily updated (e.g. depending on the scope of reintroduction); should be taken into account when working on the strategy of conservation and other actions designed to maintain and regenerate this unique representative of the forest tree flora.

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