SLAVERY AND ITS AFTERMATH IN THE MANDARA MOUNTAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1203
Author(s):  
MELCHISEDEK CHÉTIMA
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Resource ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBased on long-term oral historical research in the Mandara Mountains, this article traces the ways in which memories of slavery have been preserved in songs which are usually not part of the more formal oral historical narratives. It historicizes this process by focusing on the selective memories of different generations as well as on the influence of colonial and post-colonial politics, particularly post-1990 democratic politics in Cameroon. The major change over time is the shift from the shameful memory of slavery to be repressed – or treated only obliquely – to its public claim as a political resource after the democratic transition of the 1990s. In retelling the history of being sold as slaves, the residents of the Mandara Mountains reversed the negative meaning of slavery to use it to celebrate their resistance to Islam and to voice political claims. This new narrative congeals around being kirdi, a new regional and trans-religious identity claimed by Christians and pagans in the mountains.

scholarly journals KEKRISTENAN DAN NASIONALISME DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-141
Author(s):  
Arthur Aritonang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Old Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monetary Crisis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Over Time

“Kekristenan dan Nasionalisme di Indonesia” membahas mengenai sejarah kekristenan di Indonesia yang diasumsikan sebagai agama yang pro terhadap penjajah dari Barat namun asumsi itu tidak benar sebagai bukti ada banyak tokoh Kristen yang ikut memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan didasarkan semangat nasionalisme. Kemudian pasca-kolonial Belanda kekristenan ingin menampilkan wajah baru yang sungguh-sungguh keindonesiaan dengan lahirnya organisasi DGI/PGI. Namun seiring waktu ketika berakhirnya era orde baru dan memasuki era reformasi, kekristenan dan masyarakat lainnya di Indonesia menghadapi arus gelombang yang mengatas-namakan agama yang pergerakannya cukup masif dibandingkan di era orde lama diantaranya: kelompok Islam fundamentalis yang ingin menjadikan NKRI bersyariat Islam, adanya gerakan politik transnasional HTI yang ingin menghidupkan kembali kejayaan Islam pada abad ke-6 dan faham Wahabisme yang sarat dengan kekerasan. Persoalan lainnya ialah adanya kemiskinan yang terstruktur akibat dari krisis moneter yang melanda di Indonesia tahun 1997. Melalui masalah ini, setiap agama-agama di Indonesia harus melakukan konvergensi atas dasar keprihatinan yang sama. Abstract: Christianity and Nationalism in Indonesia” discuss the history of Christianity in Indonesia, which is assumed to be a religion that is pro to Western colonialism. Still, this assumption is incorrect as evidence that many Christian figures fought for Indonesian independence based on the spirit of nationalism. Then post-colonial of Dutch, Christianity wanted to be presented a truly Indonesian face with the birth of the DGI / PGI organization. But over time when the end of the new order and entering the era of reform, Christianity and the other societies in Indonesia faced challenges in the name of religion whose movements were quite massive compared to the old order including fundamentalist Islamic groups who wanted to make the Republic of Syariat Muslim Indonesia, a transnational HTI political movement that wanted to revive the glory of Islam in the 6th century and the ideology of Wahhabism which is loaded with violence. Another problem is the existence of structured poverty due to the monetary crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997. Through this problem, every religion in Indonesia must converge on the basis of the same concerns.

Jesus Christ

2021 ◽  
pp. 672-688
Author(s):  
Simon Francis Gaine
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Historical research has confirmed that there can be no doubt of the importance of Jesus Christ to Aquinas’ faith, devotion, and theological enterprise. This scholarship has exposed the faults of unsympathetic portrayals of his Christology as docetic or Monophysite, and presented his doctrine of the incarnation afresh, particularly by manifesting its distinctiveness in context and its maturation over time. In this way Aquinas’ Christology has been made available for reception in contemporary Christology in a way that goes beyond the recounting of the history of medieval theology. For those who share his confession of faith, the tasks of contemporary Christology can benefit from the enduring worth of many of his conclusions, the arguments employed, and his organization of material. Such a reception can retrieve a sense of fundamental continuity in Christology, of how Christ is unlike as well as like us, and of the bearing this has on our salvation.

The Long-Term Struggle for Violence against Women Legislation: The Guatemalan Women's Movement and the Politics of Patience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Erin Beck
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A scholarly consensus depicts strong, autonomous domestic women's movements as critical for the passage of gender equality reforms, alongside openings in domestic and international political contexts. What, then, is a nascent women's movement seeking gender equality reforms to do if it lacks strength or a history of autonomous organizing? A long-term analysis of the Guatemalan women's movement's push for reforms to address violence against women demonstrates that one potential road forward is through a “politics of patience,” rooted in the pursuit of cumulative, incremental victories. Adopting a politics of patience allows nascent domestic movements in developing and post-transition contexts to achieve incremental victories that create future political openings while simultaneously building movement strength and autonomy over time. This finding highlights the temporal and strategic power of women's movements, as well as the iterative and potentially reinforcing nature of social mobilization and political reform.

scholarly journals Poznański Czerwiec i rok 1956 – historia i pamięć po sześćdziesięciu latach

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Paweł Sasanka
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Defining Moments ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Communist System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Survey And Evaluation

The article is a brief survey and evaluation of historical research on Poznań 1956 protests, the political change in October 1956, and the year in general. An important gap was filled by the publication of Piotr Grzelczak’s book on the long-term consequences of the Poznań protests, and the conflict over its remembrance between government representatives and local inhabitants of the region, since the protests were one of the defining moments in recent history of Poznań. The article also includes a summary of the controversy between historians over the importance of 1956 as a watershed in Polish history, with some historians arguing that a more liberal image of the communist system in Poland was formed in 1956, while others argued that the communist dictatorship was stabilized by winning wider social support. The author has indicated an increasing separation between narratives about the Poznań protests in June and the political transformations in October, which has consequences and threats related to polarized perception of history, leading to meagre and simplified understanding of social realities of the Polish People’s Republic after 1956.

Persistent triple antiphospholipid antibody positivity as a strong risk factor of first thrombosis, in a long-term follow-up study of patients without history of thrombosis or obstetrical morbidity

Lupus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Yelnik ◽  
G Urbanski ◽  
E Drumez ◽  
V Sobanski ◽  
H Maillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thrombosis Rate ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Aspirin Prophylaxis

Introduction The long-term risk of first thrombosis and benefit of prophylaxis in antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) carriers without history of thrombosis or obstetrical morbidity is poorly known. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term rate and risk factors associated with a first thrombosis in those patients. Patients and methods After a prior study ended in December 2005 and was already published, we extended the follow-up period of our cohort of aPL carriers. Results Ninety-eight of the 103 patients of the previous study were included. The annual first thrombosis rate was 2.3% per patient-year during a median of 13 years (6–17). None of the baseline characteristics was predictive of risk of first thrombosis, but persistent aPL over time were associated with an increased risk. The stronger association was found in triple aPL-positive carriers: OR 3.38 (95% CI: 1.24–9.22). Of note, conversely to our previous findings, no benefit of aspirin prophylaxis was observed. Conclusion The risk of first thrombosis in aPL carriers without history of thrombosis or obstetrical morbidity was significant, persisted linearly over time and was associated with persistent aPL. This risk was especially increased in triple aPL-positive carriers, in whom a close follow-up seems to be necessary. Nevertheless, the benefit of aspirin prophylaxis remained unclear.

Terminology of long-term geomorphology: a Scandinavian perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Stepped Surfaces ◽  
Base Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Over Time

In this paper the terminology used in long-term geomorphology is evaluated. Long-term geomorphology is the study of landforms that are of mostly pre-Quaternary, Cenozoic, Mesozoic or even Palaeozoic age. Many terms have been introduced to name the long-term large-scale landforms that persist to the present. The definitions of many of these terms are ambiguous, have changed over time, and their use and meaning is consequently often unclear. An attempt is made to clarify definitions, when possible, and to facilitate more concise usage of these terms. Long-term geomorphology deals in great parts with the lowering of a land surface to the base level (mostly sea level), leaving a new land surface. The largest group of terms concerns descriptions and genetic models for these kinds of new land surfaces collectively called `base level surfaces' here. Other terms discussed here relate to relict and preglacial landforms and regional terms for stepped surfaces. Terminology is discussed with particular reference to examples from and its use in Scandinavia. There is a long history of long-term geomorphology study in this region. Scandinavia is unique in the respect that pre-Quaternary landforms were repeatedly covered by Quaternary ice sheets but often survived with different degrees of glacial modification.

Between Protection and Repression: A Short History of Juvenile Policing in the Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon van de Riet ◽  
Wim Bernasco ◽  
Peter van der Laan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short History ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The police in the Netherlands have traditionally been characterised by restraint when dealing with cases involving minors. However, this policy of minimal intervention appears to be waning in recent years. This shift from welfare to justice seems to be in line with the developments in other European countries. This article comments on this development by framing it in the long-term history of juvenile policing in the Netherlands. It describes the founding and development of the Juvenile Police as an organisation, and sketches the parallel changes in juvenile policing that occurred during the twentieth century. The organisation of juvenile policing has changed considerably over time with a visible tendency away from welfare oriented policing. As such, restraint and minimal intervention may no longer characterise the way Dutch police handle juvenile offenders.

scholarly journals Post-Colonial Historical Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Historical Practices

This article suggests that historical practice in Canada is in the process of changing as a result of national and international developments, such as Black Lives Matter, Rhodes Must Fall, and the final report and recommendations of the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission. A key part of this process has been the reconsideration of Canadian narrative frameworks, but it also involves debates surrounding commemorative practices and other innovations in exhibition and display. This shift creates an opportunity to revisit the moral nature of historical narratives, Indigenous conceptions of the importance of the past, the authority of professional historians, and the place of community-engaged historical research. Cet article suggère que les pratiques historiques au Canada sont en train de changer sous l’effet de développements nationaux et internationaux tels que Black Lives Matter, Rhodes Must Fall, et le rapport final et les recommandations de la Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada. La reconsidération de cadres narratifs canadiens est une partie clé de ce processus, lequel comporte en outre des débats sur les pratiques commémoratives et sur d’autres innovations relatives aux expositions et installations. Ce changement présente l’occasion de réexaminer la nature morale des narrations historiques, les conceptions autochtones sur l’importance du passé, l’autorité des historiens professionnels, et la place d’une recherche historique qui soit engagée au niveau communautaire.

Competing Landed Interests: Customary Claims, Land Titles and Formal Law in Manipur, Circa 1890–1990

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Lalsanglen Haokip
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Anglo Indian

This article provides a long-term perspective on the history of land tenure for over a century in the colonial and post-colonial eras of Manipur, India. Modernisation theory assumes too rigid division between traditional and modern attributes of land laws. The article, however, endorses the view that ‘the Anglo-Indian legal system was distinctly Janus-faced and rested on two contradictory principles’ of public law and personal law (D. A. Washbrook, Modern Asian Studies 15, no. 3 [1981]: 653). The flagship land legislation of Manipur (MLR & LR Act 1960) has been framed within the hill–valley framework. But the hill–valley binary of this public law provided too rigid mechanism to understand the history of legal formalisation. In theory, statutory (public) laws in land apply to only the valley areas of Manipur and customary (personal) law applies to the hill areas. But in practice, there exist different degrees of legal formality.

Commemorating Melbourne’s Past: Constructing and Contesting Space, Time, and Public Memory in Contemporary Parkscapes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Shanahan ◽  
Brian Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Public Memory ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Melbourne’s urban parkscapes contain a range of memorials, monuments, and features, all of which have a role in the creation, performance, and reiteration of public memory and contemporary identity. These include a collection of sites and objects that originated in Australia’s pre-colonial and colonial past, but which were recontextualized and memorialized in the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. Despite the earlier origins of the material and remains incorporated at these sites, their subsequent recontextualization can tell us a great deal about the changing values and identities of the city’s communities over time. Thus, in this chapter we will argue that Melbourne’s urban parks have been used as places for reflection on the foundation stories of the city, and that through this engagement contemporary identities are reinforced, contested, and negotiated. Considerable attention has been paid previously to sites such as the Shrine of Remembrance, which commemorate Australia’s involvement in the World Wars, but in this chapter we will examine the practice and process of memorializing older material (see also Graff, Chapter 4, for examples of long-term memorial practices in Chicago). We are interested in what each site tells us about contemporary Melbourne’s changing relationship with its colonial and pre-colonial past, and the current nature of its post-colonial discourse. The terms ‘memorial’, ‘memorialization’, and ‘monument’ will appear throughout this chapter. We use ‘memorial’ to refer to an object erected or modified to commemorate an individual, organization, or event. This adheres to the literal definition (‘memorial’ 1, OED Online), but is also the way in which the term is used by local park and heritage authorities (City of Melbourne 2003: 1). By extension, ‘memorialization’ refers to the process by which something or someone is memorialized, or, as is more relevant to this chapter, the process through which an object or site becomes a memorial. We use the term ‘monument’ to refer more specifically to architectural or archaeological sites, which are commonly defined by their large or physically imposing presence (see Carver 1996). These may also have amemorial function, but they are not inherently defined by their commemorative value (Cooper et al. 2005: 240; Carman 2002: 46–7).

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