Three Perspectives on Changing Gender Stereotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110496
Author(s):  
K. G. Priyashantha ◽  
A. Chamaru De Alwis ◽  
I. Welmilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
First Century ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Changing gender stereotypes is an essential topic among researchers since the 1970s. The debate on this subject continues in the twenty-first century. Some researchers argue that gender stereotypes have not changed, since it is supported by some solid theoretical foundations and its inherent nature of social interpretation. Moreover, there are gaps in the existing literature, regarding who gets the relative advantage on gender stereotype change and the different outcomes of changing gender stereotypes. Hence, this article reviews the changing gender stereotypes in three perspectives: whether it is prevalent in the whole contemporary world, who gets the relative advantage in gender stereotype change and the realities reflected by the outcomes of changing gender stereotypes. Before these three perspectives, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the definitions, origins and components of changing gender stereotypes. The lack of which may have been an underlying cause of confusion about the concept and its realities. Therefore, this article seeks to evaluate the changing gender stereotypes to provide insights into changing gender stereotypes in the contemporary world, the realities of changing gender stereotypes and directions for future researchers.

scholarly journals Boundaries, Governance and the International Order

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sai Felicia Krishina-Hensel
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Twenty First Century

The article examines the distinctive character of the interconnected world of the twenty-first century. The analysis explores the influence of technology on the international system in the modern age, leading up to the unique challenges of the contemporary world. Historically, advances in transportation, scientific breakthroughs, and their military applications have profoundly influenced the ability of states to project power and have had an impact on political structures and configurations. There appears to be little consensus on how these changes influence the debates on power, deterrence, diplomacy, and other instruments of international relations. Traditionally, scholars of the international system have focused on the possession of knowledge and weapons that provided a military advantage in the interpretation of power configurations. Our argument is that the twenty-first century world has a different technological emphasis, that of communications and its supportive satellite and internet infrastructure that forms the basis of the information revolution. The new technologies have succeeded in creating an alternative universe presenting a governance challenge to traditional institutions, laws, and concepts of territoriality.

scholarly journals The risk of losing national identity in the twenty-first century Romania, or national identity from adaptation to self-censorship

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Andreia-Irina Suciu ◽  
Mihaela Culea
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
First Century ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Political Economic

In the contemporary world of extremely dynamic movements in the fields of territorial state reconfiguration, economic “colonization”, globalization, Europeanization, migration of population, borrowing of cultural values and intensified cultural exchange or transfer, defining national identity has become a process which registers numerous changes and encounters various challenges. The classical features that assisted this process of defining national identity in the past – a historic territory, common myths, historical memories and values, a common public culture, common legal rights and duties, a common economy with territorial mobility (A. D. Smith 1991: 14) – undergo significant transformations each decade and the definition of a nation’s identity calls for important reconsiderations. One aspect worth considering is that of losing or self-censoring one’s national identity due to a nation’s own intention or some external demands of adaptation to general aspects of political, economic, financial, social, or cultural nature. Our paper intends to explore some of the causes or factors that might lead to twenty-first century Romania’s weakening, degradation or loss of national identity and suggest some possible solutions against such a process.

The Long Cold War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Beck ◽  
Ryan Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Temporal Frame ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Cold War

The central assumption of the essays collected here is that the historically bounded period known as the Cold War (1946–1991) does not fully capture the extent to which the institutional, technological, scientific, aesthetic and cultural forms decisively shaped during that period continue to structure, materially and conceptually, the twenty-first-century world. While it is not our intention to claim that the 1946–1991 period did not constitute a specific and distinctive set of historical, geopolitical and cultural circumstances, we are interested in extending the temporal frame in order to consider the intensifications, reversals and irreversibilities brought about by the politics and culture of the latter half of the twentieth century. In numerous ways, the essays gathered here insist that the infrastructure of the Cold War, its technologies, its attitudes and many of its problems continue to shape and inform contemporary responses to large-scale political and technological issues. The essays also explore the various ways in which the continued influences of the Cold War emerge in aesthetic and conceptual/theoretical engagements with contemporary geopolitical conditions. The introduction provides a theoretical and historical articulation of the notion of a 'long' Cold War that continues to shape the contemporary world.

scholarly journals Nursing in the era of globalisation: challenges for the 21st century

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcione Leite da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
21St Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Globalized World

The purpose of this paper was to reflect about issues related to the processes of globalization and the global impacts on health, pointing out some challenges for Nursing in the twenty-first century. In this sense, the author outlines the forms and trends of globalization in the contemporary world, and the drastic impacts on human health and environment. To respond to the challenges of the globalized world, some ways are indicated, among which, the strengthening of nursing discipline stands out, together with some guidelines for education, research and Nursing care, in a local and global scope.

Prosody and Sociolinguistic Variation in American Englishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Online Publication ◽  
First Century ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cross Variety ◽  
Twenty First Century

Though scholarly understandings of sociolinguistic variation have undergone a significant expansion in the last 70 years, variables in the realm of prosody remain severely underdescribed. It is necessary to examine variation at these levels both because of its perceptual salience and utility for speakers and listeners and because of what it can illuminate about cross-variety sociolinguistic differences. This article reviews some of the key methodologies that have been used to study prosody in phonological research and discusses the limited body of sociophonetic literature that has examined such variables. It concludes with a discussion of the future of sociophonetic studies in the twenty-first century and the importance of examining prosodic variables for a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of variation itself. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 7 is January 14, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals World Heritage on the Move: Abandoning the Assessment of Authenticity to Meet the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Roha W. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value ◽  
Integrity Protection ◽  
Twenty First Century

At a time when climate change, conflicts, disasters, and other global crises and challenges are increasingly affecting World Heritage properties, the utility of conservation assessment standards must be rethought. This article proposes abandoning the assessment of authenticity to treat properties less as “things”, deemed authentic or not, and more as evolving “processes” that embrace continuity and compatible change, which, it is argued, helps meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, namely climate change mitigation and adaptation; building back better after conflicts, disasters, or pandemics; and, ultimately, achieving sustainable development goals. Drawing on policy analysis and a wide range of literature, the article explains why authenticity is not a useful concept and why the idea of “heritage as process” is more relevant to the contemporary world. It shows how this idea can be put into effect and linked to Outstanding Universal Value, integrity, protection and management, which are already requirements in UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention. In doing so, it contributes to aligning the implementation of the Convention with that of the global agendas of our time.

From ‘Never Forgetting’ to ‘Post-Remembering’ and ‘Co-witnessing’

2016 ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Kacandes
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Twenty First Century

‘From ‘Never Forgetting’ to ‘Post-Remembering’ and ‘Co-Witnessing’: Memory Work for the Twenty-First Century’, written by Irene Kacandes, examines the rhetorical, political, and ethical stakes of the terms used for remembering the Holocaust. Kacandes deploys a model of what she terms ‘co-witnessing’ in her reading of literary texts and documentary films, and suggests that, in our contemporary world, we must create a culture of witness that can both speak truth to the wrongs perpetrated in the past and call attention to forms of injustice as they occur today.

Africa and globalization: colonialism, decolonization and the postcolonial malaise

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Austen
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
World Order ◽  
First Century ◽  
Blank Space ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

Tropical Africa has not fared well either in the contemporary world order or in the globalization literature that has accompanied it. Under such labels as ‘black hole’ ‘blank space’ and ‘the hopeless continent’, this part of the world seems hardly worthy of attention in the study of the connections and energies that define the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals The Proposed Elements of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) For Indonesian EFL English Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Mas Muhammad Idris
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
First Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Intercultural Communicative Competence ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Intercultural Awareness ◽  
Twenty First Century

The development of intercultural communicative competence (henceforth ICC) has inevitably made one be able to mingle and communicate effectively and appropriately using the target language with other people who have different backgrounds of culture, language, and nation. It is due to the ICC is seen as a complex competence in this twenty-first-century life. However, in the educational context, this competence is rarely noticed seriously by the Indonesian EFL or English teachers. Therefore, this paper is set out to present a comprehensive understanding of ICC and recommend a number of competencies related to ICC that should be possessed by the Indonesian EFL or English teachers in Indonesia. The competencies are linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, intercultural competence, and intercultural awareness which are all considered able to assist the Indonesian EFL or English teachers in developing their intercultural competence and their student’s ICC too.    

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