scholarly journals Risk Factors of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Baseball: A Scoping Review of 3 Types of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110646
Author(s):  
Koya Mine ◽  
Steve Milanese ◽  
Mark A. Jones ◽  
Steve Saunders ◽  
Ben Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Shoulder and elbow overuse injuries are the most common problems in baseball players. No scoping review has compared the findings from different types of evidence. Purpose: To map the broad evidence from 3 types of evidence (epidemiological, biomechanical, and narrative) on potential risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball and identify gaps in the existing literature to guide future research. Study Design: Scoping review. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to May 14, 2020. Any peer-reviewed papers that investigated or discussed potential risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball were included. Results: A total of 302 studies (107 epidemiological studies, 85 biomechanical studies, and 110 narrative reviews) were included. Risk factors were categorized into 9 domains: sports profiles, physical characteristics/functions, pitching mechanics, performance, behavioral, psychosocial, biological and developmental, injury/sports profiles, and environmental factors. Studies were consistent in supporting limited shoulder range of motion (ROM) and player positions (pitchers or catchers) as risk factors for shoulder injuries. For elbow injuries, the majority of the included studies suggested that being pitchers or catchers and working with higher ball velocity can be risk factors. Conclusion: Findings were consistent in some risk factors, such as limited shoulder ROM and positions. However, findings were inconsistent or limited for most factors, and substantial research gaps were identified. Research assessing those factors with inconsistent or limited evidence in the current literature were recognized to be priorities for future studies.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M Beynon ◽  
Jeffrey J Hebert ◽  
Charlotte Lebouef-Yde ◽  
Bruce F Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on “risk factors” for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part I: incident and episodic back pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M Beynon ◽  
Jeffrey J Hebert ◽  
Charlotte Lebouef-Yde ◽  
Bruce F Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Abstract Background The one-month prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents has been reported at 33, 28 and 48% at ages 9, 13 and 15 respectively. There are many suspected risk factors and triggers of back pain in young people. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to identify potential risk factors and potential triggers for back pain in young people. The purpose of part I was to identify potential risk factors for incident and episodic back pain in young people. Part II included all eligible studies with unclear or mixed types of back pain. Methods Due to the vast number of studies on “risk factors” for back pain, a two-part scoping review of the literature was chosen as the best way to summarise the evidence. We adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guideline for scoping reviews. General potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults (≤ 24 years) were included, incorporating physical, environmental, and/or physiological factors. A search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases from inception to September 2018, limited to the English language. Within part I, and because of their importance, only the results of the studies that investigated risk factors of incident back pain and back pain episodes are presented. Results The search identified 7356 articles, of which 91 articles were eligible for this scoping review. The majority of the eligible articles had an unclear definition of back pain (results presented in scoping review part II). There were 7 inception cohort studies included and 1 cohort study that met the criteria for part I. The most consistent risk factors for incident and episodic back pain are female sex and older age. Conclusion Due to inconsistent ways of reporting on the type of back pain, no definitive risk factor for back pain has been identified. In general, females often report more symptoms, also for other diseases, and older age is not a useful risk factor as it merely indicates that the onset may not be in childhood. Clearly, the time has come to study the causes of back pain from different angles.

scholarly journals OccIDEAS: web-based assessment of occupational agent exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fritschi ◽  
Troy Sadkowsky ◽  
Deborah C Glass
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Occupational Agent ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Most epidemiological studies of disease aetiology do not consider potential risk factors at work. This may be because work is a complex exposure: people usually have a series of different jobs over their working lifetime; within each job there may be a range of different tasks; and there may be a variety of exposures in each job. Because of this complexity, many epidemiologists do not have the expertise or training to assess occupational exposures accurately. Our web-based application, OccIDEAS, manages the process of occupational agent assessment in epidemiological studies. The epidemiologist chooses the agents of interest for the study and OccIDEAS provides an online set of questionnaires that are tailored to those agents. The participant is asked specific questions about their job and evidence-based algorithms provide an assessment of exposure to each agent. OccIDEAS puts the world’s best occupational epidemiological expertise within reach of any researcher.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Rapid Chondrolysis After Partial Lateral Meniscectomy: A Scoping Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712098177
Author(s):  
Charles Pioger ◽  
Adnan Saithna ◽  
Vikram Kandhari ◽  
Mathieu Thaunat ◽  
Thais D. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Index Procedure ◽  
Lateral Meniscectomy ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Radial Tear

Background: The occurrence of rapid chondrolysis after partial lateral meniscectomy is rare. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and outcomes of treatment have not been established. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to perform a scoping review of the literature to determine the potential risk factors and pathogenesis of rapid chondrolysis. The secondary objective was to report outcomes of treatment. Study Design: Systematic (scoping) review. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the framework of Arksey and O’Malley. A search strategy based on the terms “chondrolysis” AND “knee,” “chondrolysis” AND “meniscus,” and “chondral damage” AND “lateral meniscus” was applied to the PubMed database on March 31, 2020. All relevant studies were included. Patient demographics and clinical data were extracted from these studies and analyzed in order to investigate the potential risk factors, pathogenesis, and outcomes of treatment for rapid chondrolysis. Results: Five articles (22 cases) featuring rapid chondrolysis in the lateral compartment after partial lateral meniscectomy were identified and included. The condition occurred most frequently in patients who were young (mean age, 25.6 years), male (20/22 cases; 91%), and participating in high-intensity sports (19/22 cases; 86.4%) within 1 year of the index procedure. Half of the included study population underwent surgery for a radial tear. All professional athletes (13/13) returned to the preinjury level of sport. All authors of included studies suggested that the main causal risk factor was mechanical focal cartilage overload in the lateral compartment of the knee. Conclusion: Rapid chondrolysis after partial lateral meniscectomy is a rare condition that typically occurs within 12 months of the index procedure. Younger age, male sex, high-intensity sports participation, and some meniscal tear patterns (eg, radial tear) are potentially important risk factors. Return-to-sport rates at short-term follow up are high, but no long-term studies were identified. The pathogenesis of rapid chondrolysis seems to relate to mechanical focal cartilage overload.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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