Stress in Medical Residency

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Nystrom ◽  
Esa M. Rantanen ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Resident Stress ◽  
Work Domain

Resident physicians endure substantial amounts of stress to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to become competent, certified physicians. Multiple factors that contribute to high levels of stress in different areas of the healthcare domain have been identified, but stress continues to be a major problem despite this knowledge and efforts to reduce it. This study employed the framework of Cognitive Work Analysis to systematically review and organize relevant research literature to gain a holistic understanding of resident stress. The result of our work is a representation of resident physicians’ work domain with relevant literature investigating resident stress associated to each area of the representation. The representation provides an organizational structure to examine sources of stress that have been heavily investigated in the resident physicians work domain and identifies areas that lack systematic research.

What Have We Learned From Physiological Approaches to Characterizing Dysarthria and Other Speech Production Disorders?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Resolution

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists (SLP) have been trained to develop interventions based on a select number of perceptual characteristics of speech without or through minimal use of objective instrumental and physiologic assessment measures of the underlying articulatory subsystems. While indirect physiological assumptions can be made from perceptual assessment measures, the validity and reliability of those assumptions are tenuous at best. Considering that neurological damage will result in various degrees of aberrant speech physiology, the need for physiologic assessments appears highly warranted. In this context, do existing physiological measures found in the research literature have sufficient diagnostic resolution to provide distinct and differential data within and between etiological classifications of speech disorders and versus healthy controls? The goals of this paper are (a) to describe various physiological and movement-related techniques available to objectively study various dysarthrias and speech production disorders and (b) to develop an appreciation for the need for increased systematic research to better define physiologic features of dysarthria and speech production disorders and their relation to know perceptual characteristics.

A Unified Classification Ecosystem for Auctions

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios M. Emiris ◽  
Charis A. Marentakis
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
Games Theory

Auctions have known considerable and continuous growth during the last decades due to their interesting properties in price formation when the value of goods traded is not known or varies. The systematic research in the area of auctions has advanced considerably since William Vickrey’s seminal paper on 1961. Although earlier research has been based mainly on Microeconomics and Games Theory, recent advances extended relevant research in Operational Research and Information Technology. Today, auctions and their applications form a challenging topic not only for economists but for operational researchers, marketers, logisticians and management engineers as well. This paper provides an overview of recent literature in auction theory, focusing on contemporary auction techniques and proposes an Auctions Classification Ecosystem (ACE) that encompasses previous works and new developments in the area. The proposed unified classification approach encompasses auction features and mechanism design parameters in a single scheme. This scheme facilitates the understanding of auction characteristics and supports auction practitioners in designing the appropriate format depending on the application requirements.

Apprenticeship and empowerment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gaunt
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
One To One ◽  
Classical Musicians

This chapter considers ways in which pathways to creative performance are supported through one-to-one lessons between a student and a specialist teacher. One-to-one interactions are generally considered central to the development of western classical musicians and traditionally have been conceived in terms of apprenticeship. More recently, however, understanding of the socially constructed nature of learning, including the essential parts played by peer interactions and engagement in communities of practice, has increased. In addition, the importance of collaboration in facilitating and channelling creativity in many fields has become apparent. Taken together, these suggest a need to develop a multifaceted and more nuanced conceptual framework for understanding one-to-one lessons and their relationship to performance. The chapter explores relevant research literature alongside perspectives provided by expert performer–teachers, and it concludes by setting out a provisional model for understanding both the collaborative process between student and teacher in one-to-one lessons and the potential for this context to underpin transformative processes of development for performers.

scholarly journals Prototypical Work Situations: A Robust, Flexible Means for Representing Activity in a Work Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Natalie C. Benda ◽  
Ann M. Bisantz
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Work Domain

Representing the results is a key component in the analysis of cognitive work. Many structures have been developed for representing the results of Cognitive Work Analysis, but the representation of activity through “prototypical work situations” is less commonly utilized. Prototypical work situations, initially described by Rasmussen, convey summaries of actual activities that represent the key properties of work in a domain. This study illustrates the utility of prototypical work situation representations through a demonstrative case example. Specifically, representations of prototypical work situations were utilized to summarize and compare communication with patients in the emergency department across multiple situations. Via the case example, we demonstrate how representations of prototypical work situations can be leveraged to summarize results, elicit feedback, and design and test new tools to support cognitive, collaborative work. We also provide a revised structure for creating prototypical representations of work that can be adapted and utilized in future studies.

Experiences of international tourists with healthy signature foods: a case study in Malacca

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mageswari Kunasegaran ◽  
S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh ◽  
Sofiah Kadar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Gaze Theory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of international tourists with healthy signature food at a tourist destination, and explore the perceptions of food providers regarding the preparation of healthy signature foods. Healthy signature food at tourist destinations has become a crucial factor that can determine whether tourists revisit a tourist destination. The relevant literature review and Urry’s tourist gaze theory indicate that there is a lack of previous research on healthy signature foods among international tourists and food providers. The current study addresses this gap by providing a holistic understanding of healthy signature foods and how they have led to a culture of healthy eating in the tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach A case study was conducted in Malacca, a World UNESCO Heritage Site, to identify the experiences of international tourists with local signature foods. A purposive sampling method was selected to gather information from international tourists and food providers. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews to gain a detailed perspective of healthy signature foods. Findings The results revealed four thematic analysis outcomes, namely, memorable food experiences, food hygiene consciousness, cultural values and tourist happiness, which directly impact tourists’ satisfaction and intention to revisit. Additionally, aspects such as type of trip, trip frequency and the purpose of the trip influenced tourists’ experiences with healthy signature food. Furthermore, it was found that the selected food providers prepared their meals according to the standard procedures. Originality/value The current study extends Urry’s tourist gaze theory by exploring tourists’ perceptions of healthy signature food as well as exploring the way the food is prepared. Healthy signature food has much potential as a means of attracting and sustaining international tourists at tourist destinations. Furthermore, it strengthens the supply chain relationship between international tourists (customers) and food providers (suppliers) in the food tourism industry.

Fair value accounting and the financial crisis: a literature-based analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Menicucci ◽  
Guido Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The aim of this paper is to review the main results of accounting research literature examining the role of fair value accounting (FVA) within financial crisis. This research analyzes theoretical and empirical studies on the controversial topic about FVA and its alleged pro-cyclicality in the context of the financial crisis to offer solid reflections for improving the fair value research agenda. Design/methodology/approach This paper consists of a descriptive literature review. Theoretical and empirical research studies were investigated and then systematized in a framework to guide a literature-based analysis and critique of the relevant literature published about this topic. Findings The review reveals that there has been only a limited amount of research into the role of FVA within the financial crisis. This topic has not been researched extensively, and there is no empirical evidence that FVA caused the financial crunch and the subsequent financial crisis. Research limitations/implications The restricted amount of literature that directly deals with FVA in the context of the financial crisis is the main limitation of this paper. The specificity of the theme narrows the coverage. However, the adopted research methodology enabled the main contributions concerning this issue to be collected, to realize a concise and comprehensive portrait of the debate surrounding FVA and the financial crisis. Practical implications This paper can be of use to both researchers and practitioners interested in investigating strengths and weaknesses of the fair value concept for accounting purposes. The paper sets out the main findings of the academic literature and identifies future avenues of theoretical and practical research which may support standard setters to draw up improved accounting regulation. Originality/value Few existing studies consist of a literature review that examines theoretical and empirical researches on the influence of FVA on the financial system. This review offers a comprehensive overview on research literature concerning the responsibility of FVA in causing the financial crisis. The main contribution of this paper relates to further understanding the role and effects of accounting matters concerning fair value in a broad sense within the context of the financial crisis.

Validating Methods in Cognitive Engineering: A Comparison of Two Work Domain Models

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Bisantz ◽  
Catherine M. Burns ◽  
Emilie Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Models ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Work Domain ◽  
Domain Constraints

Work domain analysis (WDA) is becoming a popular technique for the analysis of complex systems. WDA is one of the frameworks of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA; Vicente, 1999) and can be used to gather work domain constraints as part of a user centered design process. In this paper, we discuss issues of inter-modeler reliability with WDA. The authors of this paper performed, over similar time periods, cognitive engineering analyses, including work domain analyses using abstraction hierarchy models, of two similar systems: naval combat vessels. In this paper, we compare these models for similarities and differences. Comparison indicated similarities in model scope and content, which would be an expected result of the application of a reliable modeling technique to two similar systems. Differences between the models included the use of multi-part vs. a single model to represent components of the overall ship-seacontact system, the related decisions to include sensors explicitly in the model, and the descriptions of abstract functions and constraints included in the two models. Exploration of these differences illuminated methodological as well as theoretical considerations in applying work domain modeling techniques that can provide guidance to other modelers.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: USING ENGLISH MOVIES TO DEVELOP ESL LEARNERS’ SPEAKING CONFIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah Awang Asim ◽  
Wardatul Akmam Din ◽  
Kamsilawati Kamlun ◽  
Suyansah Swanto
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Instructional Aid ◽  
Fear Of Public Speaking ◽  
University Level ◽  
Speaking Confidence ◽  
Esl Learners

Can English movies improve ESL learners’ speaking confidence? What are the suggested ways to implement English movies in acquiring speaking confidence for ESL learners? The main goal of the review is to study how English movies can aid ESL learners in higher education who struggle with speaking confidence. The search phrases used in these databases were “English movies” AND “confidence” and “English movies” AND “speaking” in order to acquire a list of relevant research. The first aspect that we will discuss in this review is the issue of low speaking confidence that is usually caused by language anxiety, lack of self-esteem and fear of judgement among other reasons. The articles collected represent language learners from different age ranges such as young kindergarten learners until university level learners. In addition to that, we will also investigate further into the research from the databases available for English movies that can be utilized as instructional aid for ESL learners to acquire speaking confidence. To find relevant research publications, four databases were used: ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and JSTOR. The review was carried out by using the UMS Library's access to subscribed databases. As part of this systematic review, we devised a search strategy to collect relevant literature. Researchers over the years have differing opinions on the current situation. The majority of the study indicates that language learners often struggled from speaking anxiety and fear of public speaking whether it is due to judgement of others or their own limited speaking abilities. We have mapped the literature to enable readers to understand the lessons from past literature that can be learned as well as provide a future agenda to the issue.

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