Examining the Influence of Power Distance on Psychological Safety Within Healthcare Teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Divya Krishnakumar ◽  
Rachel Caskey ◽  
Ashley M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Power Differential ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Healthcare Teams ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Cultivating good teamwork practices within healthcare teams is important for providing effective patient care and preventing adverse health outcomes. Psychological safety is one factor which is instrumental in developing a positive team environment, which fosters effective teamwork. The historically hierarchical nature of healthcare ascribes status to individuals based on profession, and this power differential is a contributing factor to a team member’s psychological safety. This study seeks to identify relationships between cultural backgrounds and teamwork in healthcare through examining how power distance influences psychological safety within healthcare teams. A cross-sectional questionnaire containing the Psychological Safety Scale and the Personal Cultural Orientation Scale was fielded to sets of Internal medicine teams working in a health system located in the Midwest region of the United States ( n=17). Levels of power-distance and psychological safety were similar amongst leaders and their team members. Upon comparison, there was no correlation found between power distance and psychological safety. Moderate to significant correlations were found between other deep cultural constructs.

The relationships between perceived team psychological safety, transactive memory system, team learning behavior and team performance among individual team members

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Min Kim ◽  
Moon Jung Kim ◽  
Sung Jun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Team Learning ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Transactive Memory System

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between individual team member's perception of team psychological safety (TPS), individual team member's perception of transactive memory system (TMS), individual team member's perception of team learning behavior (TLB) and individual team member's perception of team performance (TP).Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study used a paper-based questionnaire that was distributed to 500 employees in travel-related industries and responses were received from 467 employees. Finally, 394 surveys were used after excluding insincere responses. Using SPSS & AMOS version 25.0, factor analysis, correlation, path analysis and mediation analysis were performed.FindingsThe findings reveal that there is a significant association between TPS, TMS, TLB and TP, except for the specialization subdimension of TMS and reflective communication and knowledge codification subdimensions of TLB. There was no mediation role of TLB; however, credibility and task coordination subdimensions of TMS showed partial mediating effects between TPS and TP.Originality/valueThis study offers suggestions for management, emphasizing the importance of TPS. Recent and rapid organizational changes have dramatically increased employees' job insecurity, which can affect their psychological safety. Therefore, organizations should actively support employees to feel psychologically stable to improve performance by utilizing TMS and TLB among individual team members.

Counselors’ Role in Decreasing Suicide in Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-186
Author(s):  
Kaprea F. Johnson ◽  
Dana L. Brookover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Counselors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

A mental health professional shortage area (MHPSA) is an area lacking psychiatrists as designated by the Health Resources and Services Administration. Prior research found the lack of psychiatrists can be directly related to adverse health outcomes. The current investigation focused on the United States by state level and the relationship between MHPSAs, suicide rates, and access to professional counselors. Results from a cross-sectional analysis found MHPSAs were highly correlated with suicide deaths. There was a significant inverse relationship between number of professional counselors in an area and suicide deaths, and being uninsured was highly related to MHPSA and suicide. The results support the need for access to professional counselors. Policies incentivizing professional counselors to work in MHPSAs are needed because of their potential role in minimizing suicide deaths.

I Know I Can, But Can We?

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Hardin ◽  
Mark A. Fuller ◽  
Robert M. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Individual

Given the growing use of global virtual teams, one important factor to consider when examining team performance is the cultural backgrounds of the dispersed team members. Two hundred forty-three team members from universities in the United States and Hong Kong were administered three survey questionnaires during a series of virtual team projects. Results revealed that regardless of cultural background, team members reported less confidence in their ability to work in virtual team environments than traditional face-to-face environments and that team members from individualistic cultures reported higher self-efficacy beliefs (both group self-efficacy and virtual team self-efficacy) than team members from collectivist cultures. Furthermore, when the reference for efficacy beliefs changed from the individual to the group, the magnitude of change was greater for the collectivist versus individualistic team members. Implications and future research are also discussed.

Assessing the Patient Safety Culture in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
A. Yansane ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
N. Hebballi ◽  
E. Obadan-Udoh ◽  
J. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Medical Office

Objectives: Medical errors are among the leading causes of death within the United States. Studies have shown that patients can be harmed while receiving care, sometimes resulting in permanent injury or, in extreme cases, death. To reduce the risk of patient safety incidents, it is imperative that a robust culture of safety be established. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the patient safety culture among providers at 4 US dental institutions, comparing the results with their medical counterparts in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture that was modified for dentistry and administered at 4 US dental institutions during the 2016 calendar year. All dental team members were invited to complete electronic or paper-based versions of the questionnaire. Results: Among 1,615 invited participants, 656 providers responded (rate, 40.6%). Medical institutions outperformed the dental institutions on 9 of the 10 safety culture dimensions, 6 of the 6 overall quality items, and 8 of the 9 patient safety and quality issues. The surveyed dental institutions reported the strongest average percentage positive scores in organizational learning (85%) and teamwork (79%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the patient safety culture progressed over time. However, there is still heterogeneity within safety culture among academic dental, private (nonacademic), and medical clinics. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Patient safety is the first dimension of quality improvement. Administering the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture within dental clinics represents a key measure to understand where improvements can be made with respect to patient care safety.

scholarly journals Should Management Practice Adapt to Cultural Values? The Evidence Against Power Distance Adaptation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaka N. Rao ◽  
Jone L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Supervisory Practices

Purpose We focus on the cultural concept of power distance to test whether or not culture-practice fit or universal supervisory practices are associated with team collaboration, innovation, current and future team performance. This test is possible because power distance is conceptually deconstructed and scales developed that reliably and validly differentiate between the societal level values and workplace practices. Next, drawing on these measures, we test the culture-fit-vs.-universal practices hypotheses in a sample of ethnically similar employees dispersed across the United States and India. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a survey administered to employees and their supervisors in a Non-Western Multinational Corporation. Findings We find support for the universal-practices perspective in this study. Those Indian and local managers who were low in interpersonal power distance, regardless of their subordinates’ societal power-distance cultural values had better team collaboration, innovation, and future performance. Trust in fellow team members was found to mediate these relationships. Originality/value Findings from this study contribute to our understanding of power distance, and also provide insight into the central question of when and how management practices should be adapted to local cultures.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

A Silenced Population

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Gryglewicz ◽  
Melanie Bozzay ◽  
Brittany Arthur-Jordon ◽  
Gabriela D. Romero ◽  
Melissa Witmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Method Student

Abstract. Background: Given challenges that exceed the normal developmental requirements of adolescence, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) youth are believed to be at elevated risk for engaging in suicide-related behavior (SRB). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that put these youth potentially at risk. Aims: To determine whether peer relationship difficulties are related to increased risk of SRB in DHH youth. Method: Student records (n = 74) were retrieved from an accredited educational center for deaf and blind students in the United States. Results: Peer relationship difficulties were found to be significantly associated with engagement in SRB but not when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Limitations: The restricted sample limits generalizability. Conclusions regarding risk causation cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for future research that examines the mechanisms of the relationship between peer relationship difficulties, depression, and suicide risk in DHH youth and potential preventive interventions to ameliorate the risks for these at-risk youth.

Prescription in Locker Box (PILBOX): Remodeling of the Medication Collection Process (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim Jit Fan Christina ◽  
Goh Boon Kwang ◽  
Chee Wing Ling Vivian ◽  
Tang Woh Peng ◽  
Goh Qiuling Bandy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ranking Score ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Willingness To Use

BACKGROUND Traditionally, patients wishing to obtain their prescription medications have had to present themselves physically at pharmacy counters and collect their medications via face-to-face interactions with pharmacy staff. Prescription in Locker Box (PILBOX) is a new innovation which allows patients and their caregivers to collect their medication asynchronously, 24/7 at their convenience, from medication lockers instead of from pharmacy staff and at any time convenient to them instead of being restricted to pharmacy operating hours. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the willingness by patients/caregivers to use this new innovation and factors that affect their willingness. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months at 2 public primary healthcare centres in Singapore. Patients or caregivers who were at least 21 yo and turned up at the pharmacies to collect medications were administered a self-developed 3-part questionnaire face-to-face by trained study team members, if they gave their consent to participate in the study. RESULTS A total of 222 participants completed the study. About 40% of them participants were willing to use the PILBOX to collect their medications. Amongst the participants who were keen to use the PILBOX service, slightly more than half (i.e. 52.8%) of them were willing to pay for the PILBOX service. The participants felt that the ease of use (3.46±1.21 i.e. mean of ranking score ± standard deviation) of the PILBOX was the most important factor that would affect their willingness to use the medication pick up service. This was followed by “waiting time” (3.37±1.33), cost of using the medication pick up service (2.96±1.44) and 24/7 accessibility (2.62±1.35). This study also found that age (p=0.006), language literacy (p=0.000), education level (p=0.000), working status (p=0.011) and personal monthly income (p=0.009) were factors that affected the willingness of the patients or caregivers to use the PILBOX. CONCLUSIONS Patients and caregivers are keen to use PILBOX to collect their medications for its convenience and the opportunity to save time, if it is easy to use and not costly.

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