Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110021
Author(s):  
O.O. Olatosi ◽  
A.A. Alade ◽  
T. Naicker ◽  
T. Busch ◽  
A. Oyapero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Dental Caries, Mouth Pain, and Malnutrition in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin So ◽  
Yianni A. Ellenikiotis ◽  
Hannah M. Husby ◽  
Cecilia Leonor Paz ◽  
Brittany Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Malnutrition and dental caries in early childhood remain persistent and intertwined global health challenges, particularly for indigenous and geographically-remote populations. To examine the prevalence and associations between early childhood dental caries, parent-reported mouth pain and malnutrition in the Amazonian region of Ecuador, we conducted a cross-sectional study of the oral health and nutrition status of 1,407 children from birth through age 6 in the &ldquo;Alli Kiru&rdquo; program (2011-2013). We used multivariate regression analysis to examine relationships between severe caries, parent-reported mouth pain measures, and nutritional status. The prevalence of dental caries was 65.4%, with 44.7% of children having deep or severe caries, and 33.8% reporting mouth pain. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth dmft) increased dramatically with age. Malnutrition was prevalent, with 35.9% of children stunted, 1.1% wasted, 7.4% underweight, and 6.8% overweight. As mouth pain increased in frequency, odds for severe caries increased. For each unit increase in mouth pain frequency interfering with sleeping, children had increased odds for underweight (AOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02 &ndash; 1.54) and decreased odds for overweight (AOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 &ndash; 0.97). This relationship was most pronounced among 3-6 year-olds. Early childhood caries, mouth pain and malnutrition were prevalent in this sample of young children. Parent-reported mouth pain was associated with severe caries, and mouth pain interfering with sleeping was predictive of poor nutritional status. We demonstrate the utility of a parsimonious parent-reported measure of mouth pain to predict young children&rsquo;s risk for severe early childhood caries and malnutrition, which has implications for community health interventions.

scholarly journals Firmicutes Levels in the Mouth Reflect the Gut Condition With Respect to Obesity and Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Ferreira Rizzardi ◽  
Claudia Maria dos Santos Pereira Indiani ◽  
Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner ◽  
Emerson Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Childhood Caries

The present cross-sectional study investigated whether Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroidetes (B) levels in the mouth reflected the gut condition in obesity and early childhood caries (ECC). Eighty preschoolers (3-5 years) were equally assigned into four groups: 1. obese + ECC, 2. obese + caries-free (CF), 3. eutrophic + ECC, and 4. eutrophic + CF. Nutritional status and ECC were assessed based on the WHO criteria. Dental biofilm and fecal samples were collected for F and B quantification using RT-PCR analysis. Data were evaluated using three-way-ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation (α = 0.05). Regardless of the anatomical location effect (p = 0.22), there were higher values for F in the obese children + ECC compared with those in obese + caries-free (CF) in both mouth and gut (p &lt; 0.05). The correlation for F at these sites was negative in obese children + ECC (r = −0.48; p = 0.03) and positive in obese children + CF (r=0.50; p = 0.03). Bacteroidetes were influenced by ECC (p = 0.03) and the anatomical location (p = 0.00), and the levels tended to be higher in the mouth of the obese children + ECC (p = 0.04). The F/B ratio was higher in the gut and was affected by the anatomical location (p = 0.00). This preliminary study suggested that modulated by ECC, counts of oral Firmicutes reflected corresponding condition in the gut of obese preschoolers. In addition, we first evidenced that the Firmicutes phylum behave differently according to the nutritional status and caries experience and that supragingival biofilm and gut could share levels of similarity.

scholarly journals Hubungan Oral Hygiene Habits dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) pada Balita Di Kota Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Zhafirah Muharani Nasution ◽  
Reni Nofika ◽  
Susi Susi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is a disease of hard tissue of the tooth due to bacterial activities that cause loss mineral structure of the tooth. Dental caries that occur in deciduous teeth on children under 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Dental caries is still one of the most common dental and oral health problem experienced by children in the world. Some surveys in Cambodia and Indonesia show that a high prevalence and severity of ECC which was 90% in children aged 3-5 years. Oral hygiene habits were identified as one of the risk factors of caries. Some studies suggest that there is a strong relationship between the behavior of maintaining oral hygiene and the prevalence of dental caries. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between oral hygiene habits and early childhood caries on toddler in Padang. This study used cross sectional design. The samples of this study was 107 childrens aged 3-5 years in Padang. The location was selected through stratified random sampling technique and samples was selected through consecutive sampling techniques. Data was collected in Gunung Pangilun village and Piai Tanah Sirah village. Data was collected using a questionaires and intraoral examination. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square with p<0,05. The result of this study that there was a significant relationship between oral hygiene habits and ECC on toddler in Padang (p=0,008). The conclusion of this study was that oral hygiene habits is associated with early childhood caries on toddler in Padang.

scholarly journals Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Masato Ogawa ◽  
Hiroto Ogi ◽  
Daisuke Nakamura ◽  
Teruo Nakamura ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Recently, sleeping status has attracted attention for its relationship with oral health. In the present study, we have investigated the association between early childhood caries and sleeping status. A multicentre observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 332 preschoolers (aged 3–6 years) and their parents in Chitose, Japan. Dental caries and sleeping status were assessed in the children and the sleep quality and health literacy of the parents were also assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used in order to investigate the effect of the sleeping status of the parents and their children on dental caries. Among the children, the prevalence of dental caries experience was 12.7%. The children without caries slept significantly longer and their parents had a better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score than those with caries experience. The sleeping status and the numbers of caries in the children were significantly correlated. Health literacy was better in those without caries experience. Parents’ PSQI was significantly positively correlated with the numbers of caries in the children (r = 0.19, p = 0.0004). The children’s sleep durations, screen time, and parental smoking status were independently associated with early childhood caries. Poor sleeping status of children and their parents is related to dental caries among preschoolers.

scholarly journals Hubungan Mengonsumsi Makanan Selingan dengan Kejadian Early Childhood Caries pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun di Kota Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Retno Sri Mulyani ◽  
Susi Susi ◽  
Surma Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is one of the most common problem that can be found in both adults and children. Dental caries in primary teeth on children aged 0-71 months is known as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Reports by Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 caries on primary teeth ranks 12th which affects as many as 560 million children worldwide. There are many predisposition factors that cause ECC, which are closely related to food consumption such as food snacking.The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between food snacking consumption  and Early Childhood Caries on children aged 2-5 years old in Padang. This study used a cross sectional design, with total sampel of 107 children aged 2-5 years in Padang. The location was selected through Stratified Random Sampling Method and samples was selected through Consecutive Sampling Method. Data was collected by using food frequency questionares and intra-oral examination that were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between food snacking and ECC (p=0.000). The conclution of this study was that food snacking consumption is associated with Early Childhood Caries on children aged 2-5 years in Padang.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of early childhood caries in malnourished children in Mendoza, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Claudia Fernández ◽  
María Borjas ◽  
Salvador Cambría-Ronda ◽  
Walther Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Childhood Caries

The aim of this correlational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was to describe the pathological profile of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in malnourished children who attended two centers for prevention and treatment of child malnutrition in Mendoza, Argentina. The study included 145 children aged 12 to 71 months, with prior parental consent, and recorded dmft and dmfs according to ICDAS II 2 to 6 and 4 to 6 active caries categories, age and severity of caries experience. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied with p=0.05. Caries prevalence for enamel and dentin lesions was 48.2%, declining to 35.2% when only dentin lesions were considered (dmft 4-6). The following means were found for dmft and dmfs: dmft 2-6 2.10 ± 3.31, with “d” 2.03 ± 3.24; dmfs 3.07 ± 6.1 with “d” 2.91 ± 6.1; dmft 4-6 1.21 ± 2.46 with “d” 1.14 ± 2.37; dmfs 4-6 1.98 ± 5.14 and “d” 1.86 ± 5.06. There were statistically significant differences between dmft 2-6 and dmft 4-6. Active enamel lesions (ICDAS II active categories 2 and 3) accounted for 37% of total lesions. Active lesions type 5 were the most frequent. The indicators for dental status and severity of caries experience increased with age, both with moderate positive correlations. Conclusions: Malnourished children under six years old studied in Mendoza presented comorbidity with ECC. Dental status worsened with age. The values for caries indicators demonstrated the weight of caries diagnoses in early stages and the importance of providing preventive measures and systematic monitoring during these children’s early years of life.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in South Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay ◽  
Robert Barrie ◽  
Sudeshni Naidoo ◽  
Tina Sharon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

BACKGROUND Young children are at the highest risk of developing dental caries as they at high risk for dental caries as they have a lack of autonomy over their diet and oral hygiene practices. Dental caries develops over time due to demineralization of tooth substance (enamel) resulting from acid production of bacterial metabolism from sugars. Early-onset of dental caries often results in asymptomatic presentation, but if left untreated, it can result in severe pain, infection and dentoalveolar abscesses. Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as dental caries in children aged six years and younger and is a significant public health problem in South Africa. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, untreated dental caries of primary teeth affects 532 million children. Untreated dental caries has many detrimental effects which can affect the physical development and reduce the quality of life of affected children. Furthermore, long term untreated dental caries can result in school absenteeism, low BMI and poor educational outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and severity of ECC in South Africa in children under 6 years of age. METHODS All cross-sectional documenting the prevalence and severity of dental disease (decayed, missing and filled teeth scores) will be included. Various databases will be searched for eligible studies, and those included will be done by using prespecified inclusion criteria. Only studies conducted on South African children who are aged 6 years and under, will be included. There will be no restriction on the time nor language of publication. The quality of all eligible studies will be analyzed by a risk of bias tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results will be presented narratively, and if possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. RESULTS The protocol is registered with PROSPERO. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and was repeated in November 2020. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will be used to advise stakeholders of the prevalence and severity of dental disease in children less than 6 years of age in South Africa.

Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
Revathy Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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