Research and Development Intensity and Effective Tax Rate: Empirical Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 239490152097746
Author(s):  
M. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Habit Persistence ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Current Period

This article examines the link between research and development (R&D) intensity and effective tax rates (ETRs) in India. We added a new perspective to the current base erosion and profit shifting debate in two ways. First, the study extends the literature on base erosion and profit shifting by providing empirical evidence on the link between R&D intensity and ETR in the context of emerging economy of India. Second, we investigate the R&D intensity and ETR relationship in a dynamic context using Bias Corrected Least Square Dummy Variable Model. We find that R&D intensity has a significant and negative effect on both average and current ETR. The results show that the effect of R&D intensity on current effective tax was more than average ETRs. We also find that larger firms are associated with lower ETR. A significant negative association was also observed between ETR and capital intensity. The dynamic analysis confirms the habit persistence in the ETR that current period ETR is highly dependent on its previous year ETR.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK / TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BEI TAHUN 2013-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Arviyanti Arviyanti ◽  
Enong Muiz
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect

This study was conducted to determine empirical evidence of the influence of company characteristics and ownership structure on tax avoidance / tax avoidance in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2013-2016. The samples used were 15 companies for 4 years so the total sample of 60 company data. Analysis of the data used is GLS (General Least Square) with the help of Eviews version 9. For independent variables, variable company characteristics are proxied on profitability (Return on Assets / ROA), leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio / DER), company size (Size) , capital intensity (Capital Intensity Ratio / CIR). The ownership structure variable is proxied to managerial ownership (OWNMANAG) and institutional ownership (OWNINS). As for the dependent variable tax avoidance is proxied at the effective tax rate (ETR / Effective Tax Rate). The results of this study are the influence of company characteristics which are proxied on ROA, DER, Size, CIR, only ROA which has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. DER and Size have no significant negative effect, while and CIR have positive but not significant effect on tax avoidance. Effect of Proposed Ownership Structure on managerial ownership does not have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance and institutional ownership does not have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance

scholarly journals Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Good Corporate Governance dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Sektor Batu Bara di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-654
Author(s):  
Eka Murni Lusiana Wati ◽  
Susi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Governace

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, good corporate governace, dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate (CETR) pada perusahaan pertambangan sektor batu bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Mekanisme profitabilitas yang digunakan adalah return on asset, good corporate governance yang digunakan adalah proporsi kepemilikan institusional dan dewan komisaris independen, intensitas modal yang digunakan adalah capital intensity. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan pertambangan sektor batu bara yang terdaftar Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016 sampai 2018. Sedangkan sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 45 perusahaan sampel. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari www.idx.co.id. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda maka hasil penelitian ini yaitu return on assets, dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate, sedangan  kepemilikan institusional, intensitas modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SOLVABILITAS DAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP EFFECTIVE TAX RATE MELALUI KUALITAS INFORMASI AKUNTANSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihar Tambun
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Quality Of Accounting Information

Abstrak: Artikel ini memaparkan pengaruh dari solvabilitas dan intellectual capital pada kualitas informasi akuntansi, serta dampaknya terhadap effective tax rate. Solvabilitas dan inntellectual capital sebagai variabel independen dalam penelitian ini. Kualitas informasi akuntansi sebagai varibael mediasi, dan efektive tax rate sebagai variable dependen. Sample dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling, dan menghasilkan 20 emiten dari sektor industri barang konsumsi periode tahun 2013-2017. Metode analisis menggunakan metode estimasi ordinary least square untuk model yang menguji pengaruh langsung. Untuk pengujian pengaruh tidak langsung, menggunakan metode two least square. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa intellectual capital dan solvabilitas mempengaruhi kualitas informasi akuntansi. Kemudian, kualitas informasi akuntansi dan intellectual capital mempengaruhi efketif tax rate. Secara tidak langsung, intellectual capital dan solvabilitas mempengaruhi efektive tax rate melalui kualitas informasi akuntansi.   Kata Kunci: Solvabilitas, Intellectual Capital, Kualitas Informasi Akuntansi, Tax Avoidance, Efektive Tax Rate Abstract: This article describes the effect of solvency and intellectual capital on the quality of accounting information, and its impact on effective tax rate. Solvency and intellectual capital as independent variables in this research. The quality of accounting information as variable mediation, and the effectiveness tax rate as the dependent variable. Sample is chosen by purposive sampling method, and produces 20 emitters from consumer goods industry sector in the period of 2013-2017. The analytical method uses ordinary least square estimation methods for models that test direct effect. For testing indirect effect, using two least square methods. The results prove that intellectual capital and solvency affect the quality of accounting information. Then, the quality of accounting information and intellectual capital affects the effective tax rate. Indirectly, intellectual capital and solvency affect the effectiveness of tax rate through the quality of accounting information.Keywords: Solvency, Intellectual Capital, Quality Accounting Information, Tax Avoidance, Effective Tax Rate

Methodological problems of BEPS analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Olga IVANYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Tetiana KOSCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
High Profit ◽  
Profit Rates

The article is devoted to the issues of the methodology of the analysis of the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) for the development of managerial approaches to counteracting these destructive phenomena in Ukraine. Eleven types of data sources identified by the OECD that can be used for BEPS analysis are determined. It is shown that most sources of information for the purposes of analyzing the scale and effects of BEPS have significant limitations: their absence or limited representativeness in some countries; regulatory restrictions on access to data; lack of most financial data to reflect the activities of multinational corporations (MNCs). The indicators that testify to BEPS or dangerous phenomena of financial abuse, which are reflected in reporting, are analyzed, namely: 1) disconnect between financial and real economic activities; 2) high profit rates of low-taxed affiliates of top global MNCs; 3) high profit rates of MNC affiliates in lower-tax locations; 4) MNCs vs. "comparable" non-MNC effective tax rate differentials; 5) profit shifting through intangibles; 6) profit shifting through interest. It is proved that for Ukraine the calculation of a number of indicators can be complicated due to the delay in the publication of official data; lack of appropriate statistical reporting. In general, indicators show that they provide limited information about financial transactions and cannot reliably relate any changes and their reflection to BEPS. Therefore, the implementation of measures to combat BEPS should be based not only on the results of calculations of OECD indicators, but also on other empirical studies that provide reliable information on the development of income transfer between countries.

Transfer Pricing and Location of Intangibles - Spillover and Tax Avoidance through Profit Shifting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Reineke ◽  
Katrin Weiskirchner-Merten
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Length Range ◽  
A Company

This study examines how spillovers affect a multinational company's choice of an intangible's location and the corresponding transfer price for using this intangible. Our model uses a company with a domestic division in a high-tax country and a foreign division in a low-tax country, where each division's activities generate spillovers on the other division's income. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis incorporates an intangible's optimal location when the company trades off tax minimization and efficient activities. By locating the intangible abroad, the company reduces its tax liability, whereas locating the intangible domestically yields more efficient domestic division activities. For a high spillover of the domestic division, the company locates the intangible domestically. Our model supports empirical evidence regarding intangibles' location that is interpreted as "home bias". Additionally, we show how variations in regulatory parameters-arm's length range and tax rate differential-affect the divisions' activities and the intangible's location.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ROA, LEVERAGE, DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN ERA JOKOWI – JK

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Clarissa Octa Gumono
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Independent Variable

Taxes are income for the state which are useful for financingstate activities and operations. Unfortunately, taxes are not profitable forcompanies. Taxes can decrease its profit. This situation triggers the companyto take action related to agency theory. This actions taken by managingtax financing so that it can be effective and efficient without violatingexisting regulations. That actions called tax avoidance. Tax avoidance takesadvantages of the grey area in the tax regulations so that the actions takenlegally. Tax avoidance in this study is used as the dependent variable bycalculating the cash effective tax rate (cash ETR). Independent variable inthis study are return on assets (ROA), leverage, and capital intensity. Theexistence of these variables are used to support the purpose of this study.The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of ROA, Leverageand Capital intensity on tax avoidance. The data used are from the financialreports and annual reports of mining sector companies listed in IndonesiaStock Exchange during the Jokowi - JK’s era.

scholarly journals PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DEWAN KOMISARIS DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP EFFECTIVE TAX RATE (ETR)

Equity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratna Novianti ◽  
Praptiningsih Praptiningsih ◽  
Noegrahini Lastiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Level Of Significance

This research is using quantitative study aimed to see whether there are influence of Firm Size, Board of Commissioners and Capital Intensity on Effective Tax Rate (ETR). The sample in this study a number of 67 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 – 2016 by using purposive sampling method. Data obtained from the financial reports in the publication. The number of sample obtained as many as 67 companies with a total sample of 201 samples. After reduce the data outlier, data eventually resulted in 147 samples ready to be analyzed and tested. Analysis technique used was multiple linier regression with a level of significance of 5%. The results of this study suggests that (1) Firm Size has significant effect on the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), (2) Board of Commissioners was not significant effect on Effective Tax Rate (ETR), (3)Capital Intensity effect significantly to Effective Tax Rate (ETR).

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pajak Penghasilan Badan Sebagai Indikator Manajemen Perencanaan Pajak pada Perusahaan Sektor Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Petrus Petrus
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Data Estimation

The purpose of this research is to analyse and find out 1) the effect of Profitability on the Effective Tax Rate 2) Inventory Intensity to the Effective Tax Rate 3) Capital Intensity to the Effective Tax Rate 4) Leverage to the Effective Tax Rate. The population in this study are manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2017. The sample used in this study is 52 companies in all industry sector of manufacturing as research subjects. The sampling technique used is the Panel Data Estimation Technique. Overall the results of this study are 1) The probability of influencing Effective Tax Rate has a significant negative direction on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017, 2) Inventory Intensity affects the Effective Tax Rate having a negative but not significant direction on manufacturing companies in the Exchange Indonesia Securities in 2013-2017, 3) Capital Intensity affects the Effective Tax Rate to have a positive but not significant direction in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017, 4) Leverage affects Effective Tax Rate has a negative but not significant direction in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017.

scholarly journals Earnings Management, Effective Tax Rate (ETR) and Book-Tax Gap (BTG)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Jasrial Jasrial ◽  
Susy Puspitasari ◽  
Ali Muktiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Gap

Objective - This research examines the effect of company size, changes in out-cash flow, return on assets, conservatism, and profit levelling on earnings management. Methodology/Technique - The results of this research show that banking capital structure, capital intensity, intensity of inventory, and intensity of R & D have a significant impact on effective tax rates. Further, the results also show that, with respect to the non-banking sector, R & D expenditure contributes significantly to effective tax rates. Simultaneously, earnings management and effective tax rates, as well as other factors, also have an effect on book tax gap. Findings - This study shows that profit management has a significantly positive effect on book tax gap, and effective tax rates has a significant negative effects o book tax gap. In terms of the non-banking sector, earnings management and effective tax rate have no effect on book tax gap. Deferred tax expenses have a lower capability to detect earnings management than accrual, in both the banking and non-banking sector. Novelty - The study of management capabilities optimizes the role of book tax gap and effective tax rate for earning management. Both tax management and earnings management are closely related to behavior management in managing a company based on the agency theory. Furthermore, the study identifies a relationship between earnings management and book tax gap. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Book Tax Gap; Effective Tax Rate; Earnings Management; Accrual Total; Indonesia. JEL Classification: H26, H29.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KOMITE AUDIT, CAPITAL INTENSITY DAN CORPORATE RISKTERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basuki Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate

Things that need to be done in order to prove independentcommissioners, audit committee, capital intensity and corporate risk ontax avoidance in companies engaged in Indonesia Stock Exchange(IDX). In this study, tax avoidance uses the Cash Effective Tax Rate(CETR) proxy. The research period is 4 years, ie during 2013-2016. Thestudy population covers all manufacturing companies of the industrialsector of goods in the period 2013-2016ALAH 148 companies. Thesampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Based on thecriteria set in the sample of 84 corporate data. Types of data which aresecondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website.The process of data analysis that is panel analysis of regression data.The results showed that independent commissioners and capital intensitydid not have a significant effect, while audit committee and corporaterisk had a significant effect on tax evasion.

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