scholarly journals Prediction of the sphenopalatine ganglion localization in computerized tomography images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251581631882469
Author(s):  
Joan Crespi ◽  
Daniel Bratbak ◽  
David Dodick ◽  
Manjit Matharu ◽  
Kent Are Jamtøy ◽  
...  

Background: The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a target for several headache syndromes. Most of the groups targeting the SPG do not localize it directly, and this might account for some therapeutic failures. As the SPG cannot be seen on computerized tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance image (MRI) must be used to visualize the ganglion. It would be advantageous to be able to predict the location of the SPG on CT scans for those using fluoroscopy or CT-guided injections and for those in whom MRI is not accessible or contraindicated. Methods: We localized the SPG in 21 Caucasian patients (21 right and 17 left ganglia; total 38) in 3 tesla MR images subsequently fused with CT scans. We measured the distance from the SPG to two bony landmarks identified on CT scans. We then applied the average distances to find an estimated position of the SPG. The first landmark was the center of the anterior opening of the vidian canal (VC). The second landmark was a point on the sphenoidal bone, defined in an axial plane at the level of the center of the VC (S-point). The predicted position of the SPG measured from the VC and the sphenoidal bone were referred to as, respectively, vcSPG and sSPG. Finally, the distances between the SPG, as seen on MRI, and predicted vcSPG/sSPG were calculated. Results: The average distance between SPG as seen on the MRI images and the estimated position based on CT images were 1.82 mm (SD 0.83, range 0.22–3.57 mm) for vcSPG and 2.09 mm (SD 0.99, range 0.71–4.79 mm) for sSPG. Conclusions: The localization of the SPG can be predicted on CT images using bony landmarks. Localization of the SPG may be important in achieving successful therapeutic outcomes for treatments that are directed toward the SPG.

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hirschberg

✓ A method is described for marking the site of a tumor on the scalp based on information from computerized tomography (CT) scans. The technique employs a syrinx-shaped array of radiopaque catheters of varying length taped to the patient's scalp for visualization on the CT scan. Fiducial markings on the CT images allow the transfer of the tumor's location directly onto the scalp. The device can be placed anywhere on the scalp, including in a parasagittal position.


1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Matsumoto ◽  
Hideki Hondo

✓ Computerized tomography (CT) is now available for diagnosis and localization of intracerebral hematoma. Computerized tomography-guided stereotaxic evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma was performed in 51 cases: 34 basal ganglion hematomas with or without ventricular perforation, 11 subcortical hematomas, three thalamic hematomas, and three cerebellar hematomas. Three-dimensional CT images or biplane CT images were taken to determine the coordinates of the target point, which was the center of the hematoma. A silicone tube (3.5 mm in outer diameter and 2.1 mm in inner diameter) was then inserted into the center of the hematoma through a burr-hole under local anesthesia, and the liquefied or solid portion of the hematoma was aspirated with a syringe. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration, urokinase (6000 IU/5 ml saline) was administered through this silicone tube and the drain was clipped. Subsequently, aspiration and infusion of urokinase were repeated every 6 or 12 hours until the hematoma was completely evacuated. The silicone tube was removed when repeat CT scanning revealed no residual hematoma. The follow-up results indicate that this procedure is as good as conventional craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma under direct vision. This CT-guided stereotaxic approach for evacuation of the hematoma has the following advantages: 1) the procedure is simple and safe; 2) the operation can be performed under local anesthesia; and 3) the hematoma is completely drained with the aid of urokinase. This procedure seems indicated as an emergency treatment for elderly or high-risk patients who show no signs of cerebral herniation.


Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Alba-Alejandre ◽  
Javier Alba-Tercedor ◽  
Fernando Vega

The coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), is a cosmopolitan insect with >100 hosts, and has been reported as a pest of stored coffee. During a study involving the coffee berry borer, we observed coffee bean weevils emerging from field-collected coffee berries and used micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) scans to observe the insect inside the berry. Two eggs had eclosed inside the berry, resulting in observations of a newly eclosed adult beetle and a 5th instar larva, each feeding on one of the two seeds. This is the first time since 1775, when the insect was first described, that the insect has been observed inside a coffee berry.


1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehide Onuma ◽  
Yasuko Shimosegawa ◽  
Motonobu Kameyama ◽  
Hiroaki Arai ◽  
Kiyoshi Ishii

✓ The authors have treated five cases of severe head trauma in children in which abnormally high density along gyri, “gyral high density,” was seen on plain computerized tomography (CT) scans in the subacute stage of the injury. The prognosis in all cases was poor, with either severe disability or a vegetative state as the outcome due to significant brain atrophy following gyral high density. This pathology was classified into three clinical stages: 1) acute stage, cerebral ischemia in which there is diffuse low density of the cerebrum on CT scans (most marked on the 3rd and 4th days); 2) subacute stage, hemorrhagic infarction showing gyral high density on plain CT scans (between 1 and 4 weeks); and 3) chronic stage, brain atrophy (beginning 4 weeks after the trauma). In their consecutive series of head-injured patients (516 children, 1459 adults), the authors did not find gyral high density on CT scan in adults. This is probably due to the fact that adults who suffer the severe head trauma associated with diffuse brain swelling or diffuse brain edema cannot survive, thus making this gyral high density unique to children.


reportaendo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY GUERRERO FERRECCIO ◽  
CAMILA ADRIANA PERALTA MIER

Introducción: El tratamiento endodontico representa en la actualidad una gran rama en el área de la odontología de importancia para la preservación de piezas dentales, que se verían afectadas por el ataque de agentes externos y que comprometen su funcionabilidad y estética, pero la complejidad de la anatomía de los conductos de todos los dientes en general aún sigue siendo un problema, más aun en los premolares, ya que estos a diferencia de las demás piezas dentarias, tienen diferentes formas y cantidad de conductos radiculares. (6) Propósito: El propósito de este estudio es demostrar la importancia del conocimiento sobre la anatomía radicular y sus variaciones anatómicas, para minimizar el fracaso al realizar una terapia endodontica. Objetivo: El objetivo directo de este estudio es determinar las variaciones anatómicas de premolares superiores e inferiores y su relación con estructuras anatómicas de pacientes atendidos endodónticamente, el año 2016, en la clínica Nexodent de la ciudad de Guayaquil, mediante el uso de sus tomografías previas a  su tratamiento.Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 70 tomografías de 41 pacientes atendidos en el año 2016 en la clínica Nexodent de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Al momento de analizar cada tomografía se tomaron tres fotografías de cortes tomografcos: coronal, axial y sagital para obtener una información variada de su anatomía. Resultados: De las tomografías revisadas, el 71% fue de género femenino. El 29% de género masculino. Los resultados encontrados del número de conductos en las piezas dentales registradas señalan que el 56% de los casos presenta 1 sólo conducto. En cuanto a la variación anatómica de las piezas dentales estudiadas, se utilizó la clasifcación de Vertucci. El 56% de las piezas dentales es de Tipo I, el 26% es de Tipo IV, el 11% es de Tipo II, y el restante son de Tipo V. Se analizó la distancia entre cada premolar maxilar hasta el seno maxilar y en promedio la distancia fue de 5,3 mm. La distancia promedio de los premolares mandibulares hasta el foramen mentoniano fue de 6,21 mm. La principal localización encontrada para el orifcio del foramen apical fue el centro con el 58% de los casos.Discusión: Se obtuvo mayoría de aciertos sobre los estudios realizados con los estudios de las referencias bibliográfcas excepto en; La incidencia de los conductos en los segundos premolares superiores en que se obtuvo mayoria de un conducto en lugar de dos. En la distancia promedio del apice de los primeros premolares mandibulares con el agujero mentoniano en donde las distancias promedios fueron mayores. En la localizacion del foramen apical en la pieza #35, en que hubo mayor localizacion del foramen en el centro y no hacia distal.Conclusión: Se puede concluir que el mejor examen complementario para analizar la anatomía de conductos es la tomografía y que los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación no fueron muy distintos en comparación a investigaciones realizadas por otros autores.    AbstractIntroduction: Endodontic treatment currently represents a large branch in the area of dentistry of importance for the preservation of dental pieces, which would be afected by the attack of external agents and compromise its functionality and aesthetics, but the complexity of the root Canals anatomy of all teeth in general still remains a problem, even more so in the premolars as these unlike other teeth, have diferent forms and quantity of root Canals. 6 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of knowledge about the root canal anatomy and its anatomical variations, in order to minimize the failure in an endodontic therapy.Objective: The direct objective of this study is to determine the anatomical variations of upper and lower premolars and their relationship with anatomical structures of endodontically treated patients, in 2016, at the Nexodent Clinic of the city of Guayaquil, using their tomography prior to its treatment. Materials and methods: We analyzed 70 CT scans of 41 patients seen in 2016 at the Nexodent clinic in the city of Guayaquil. At the moment of analyzing each tomography three photographs were taken: coronal, axial and sagittal to obtain al the information of its anatomy. Results: Of the CT scans reviewed, 71% were female, 29% male. The results found of the number of root canals in the registered dental pieces indicate that 56% of the cases present 1 only conduit. Regarding the anatomical variation of the studied dental pieces, the Vertucci classifcation was used 56% of the teeth are Type I, 26% are Type IV, 11% are Type II, and the rest are Type V. The average distance between the maxillary premolars to the maxillary sinus was 5.3 mm. The mean distance from the mandibular premolars to the mental foramen was 6.21 mm. The main location found for the apical foramen was the center with 58% of the cases. Discussion: the mayority of the studies carried out with the studies of the bibliographical references where equal except in; The incidence of root canals in the upper second premolars where the mayority of one root was obtained instead of two. In the average distance of the apex of the frst mandibular premolars with the mental foramen where the average distances were greater. In the location of the apical foramen in # 35, in which there was greater location of foramen in the center and not distal. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the best complementary exam to analyze the anatomy of root Canals is the tomography and that the results obtained in this investigation were not very diferent  in comparison to investigations realized by other authors. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C Mason ◽  
Patricia A Hudgins ◽  
Gustavo Pradilla ◽  
Nelson M Oyesiku ◽  
C Arturo Solares

Abstract BACKGROUND Endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base requires expert knowledge of the anatomy and a systematic approach. The vidian canal is regarded as a reliable landmark to localize the petrous internal carotid artery (pICA) near the second genu, which can be used for orientation in deep skull base approaches. There is controversy about the relationship between the vidian canal and the pICA. OBJECTIVE To further establish the vertical relationship between the vidian canal and the pICA to aid in surgical approaches to the skull base. METHODS We utilized a collection of institutional review board-approved computed tomographic (CT) angiograms (CTAs). Fifty CTAs were studied bilaterally for 100 total sides. The vidian canal was visualized radiographically to determine whether it terminates below, at, or above the level of the pICA. RESULTS Sixty-six of 100 vidian canals terminated inferior to the pICA (66%), which was the most common relationship observed. The average distance inferior to the pICA was 1.01 mm on the right, 1.18 mm on the left, and 1.09 mm of the total 66 sides. Less commonly, the vidian canal terminated at the level of the pICA canal in 34 sides (34%). The vidian canal was not observed to terminate superior to the pICA in any of the 50 CTAs studied. CONCLUSION The vidian canal terminates inferior to the pICA most commonly, but often terminates at the level of the pICA. Careful drilling clockwise inferior to superior around the vidian canal should allow for safe pICA localization in most cases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Guanghui Fu ◽  
Yueda Chen ◽  
Pengzhi Li ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Screening of the brain computerised tomography (CT) images is a primary method currently used for initial detection of patients with brain trauma or other conditions. In recent years, deep learning technique has shown remarkable advantages in the clinical practice. Researchers have attempted to use deep learning methods to detect brain diseases from CT images. Methods often used to detect diseases choose images with visible lesions from full-slice brain CT scans, which need to be labelled by doctors. This is an inaccurate method because doctors detect brain disease from a full sequence scan of CT images and one patient may have multiple concurrent conditions in practice. The method cannot take into account the dependencies between the slices and the causal relationships among various brain diseases. Moreover, labelling images slice by slice spends much time and expense. Detecting multiple diseases from full slice brain CT images is, therefore, an important research subject with practical implications. Results In this paper, we propose a model called the slice dependencies learning model (SDLM). It learns image features from a series of variable length brain CT images and slice dependencies between different slices in a set of images to predict abnormalities. The model is necessary to only label the disease reflected in the full-slice brain scan. We use the CQ500 dataset to evaluate our proposed model, which contains 1194 full sets of CT scans from a total of 491 subjects. Each set of data from one subject contains scans with one to eight different slice thicknesses and various diseases that are captured in a range of 30 to 396 slices in a set. The evaluation results present that the precision is 67.57%, the recall is 61.04%, the F1 score is 0.6412, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) is 0.8934. Conclusion The proposed model is a new architecture that uses a full-slice brain CT scan for multi-label classification, unlike the traditional methods which only classify the brain images at the slice level. It has great potential for application to multi-label detection problems, especially with regard to the brain CT images.


Author(s):  
Michael W. McDermott ◽  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
Akio Asai ◽  
Satoyuki Ito ◽  
Takao Hoshino ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT:Contrast enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scans has been used in directing therapy for presumed intracranial gliomas. However, for moderately anaplastic astrocytomas (MOAAS) and highly anaplastic astrocytomas (HAAS), it provides no information about proliferative potential. The bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) labeling index (LI), however, indicates proliferative potential, correlating with histologic malignancy and survival. An LI < 1% is a favorable indicator; LI > 5% suggests more aggressiveness. To determine the correlation, if any, between BUDR LI and contrast enhancement, CT scans of 71 patients with cerebral hemisphere tumors labeled with BUDR were retrospectively reviewed. Among 36 MOAAS, the BUDR LI was < 1% in 77% of enhanced tumors and 61% of unenhanced tumors. Among 35 HAAS, it was < 5% in 56% of enhanced tumors and 90% of unenhanced tumors. Therefore, contrast enhancement on CT scans does not always correctly predict proliferative potential in these tumors, and biopsy and labeling studies are recommended before therapy.


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