scholarly journals ANÁLISIS TOMOGRÁFICO DE VARIACIONES ANATÓMICAS DE PREMOLARES EN LA CLÍNICA NEXODENT, GUAYAQUIL 2016.

reportaendo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY GUERRERO FERRECCIO ◽  
CAMILA ADRIANA PERALTA MIER

Introducción: El tratamiento endodontico representa en la actualidad una gran rama en el área de la odontología de importancia para la preservación de piezas dentales, que se verían afectadas por el ataque de agentes externos y que comprometen su funcionabilidad y estética, pero la complejidad de la anatomía de los conductos de todos los dientes en general aún sigue siendo un problema, más aun en los premolares, ya que estos a diferencia de las demás piezas dentarias, tienen diferentes formas y cantidad de conductos radiculares. (6) Propósito: El propósito de este estudio es demostrar la importancia del conocimiento sobre la anatomía radicular y sus variaciones anatómicas, para minimizar el fracaso al realizar una terapia endodontica. Objetivo: El objetivo directo de este estudio es determinar las variaciones anatómicas de premolares superiores e inferiores y su relación con estructuras anatómicas de pacientes atendidos endodónticamente, el año 2016, en la clínica Nexodent de la ciudad de Guayaquil, mediante el uso de sus tomografías previas a  su tratamiento.Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 70 tomografías de 41 pacientes atendidos en el año 2016 en la clínica Nexodent de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Al momento de analizar cada tomografía se tomaron tres fotografías de cortes tomografcos: coronal, axial y sagital para obtener una información variada de su anatomía. Resultados: De las tomografías revisadas, el 71% fue de género femenino. El 29% de género masculino. Los resultados encontrados del número de conductos en las piezas dentales registradas señalan que el 56% de los casos presenta 1 sólo conducto. En cuanto a la variación anatómica de las piezas dentales estudiadas, se utilizó la clasifcación de Vertucci. El 56% de las piezas dentales es de Tipo I, el 26% es de Tipo IV, el 11% es de Tipo II, y el restante son de Tipo V. Se analizó la distancia entre cada premolar maxilar hasta el seno maxilar y en promedio la distancia fue de 5,3 mm. La distancia promedio de los premolares mandibulares hasta el foramen mentoniano fue de 6,21 mm. La principal localización encontrada para el orifcio del foramen apical fue el centro con el 58% de los casos.Discusión: Se obtuvo mayoría de aciertos sobre los estudios realizados con los estudios de las referencias bibliográfcas excepto en; La incidencia de los conductos en los segundos premolares superiores en que se obtuvo mayoria de un conducto en lugar de dos. En la distancia promedio del apice de los primeros premolares mandibulares con el agujero mentoniano en donde las distancias promedios fueron mayores. En la localizacion del foramen apical en la pieza #35, en que hubo mayor localizacion del foramen en el centro y no hacia distal.Conclusión: Se puede concluir que el mejor examen complementario para analizar la anatomía de conductos es la tomografía y que los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación no fueron muy distintos en comparación a investigaciones realizadas por otros autores.    AbstractIntroduction: Endodontic treatment currently represents a large branch in the area of dentistry of importance for the preservation of dental pieces, which would be afected by the attack of external agents and compromise its functionality and aesthetics, but the complexity of the root Canals anatomy of all teeth in general still remains a problem, even more so in the premolars as these unlike other teeth, have diferent forms and quantity of root Canals. 6 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of knowledge about the root canal anatomy and its anatomical variations, in order to minimize the failure in an endodontic therapy.Objective: The direct objective of this study is to determine the anatomical variations of upper and lower premolars and their relationship with anatomical structures of endodontically treated patients, in 2016, at the Nexodent Clinic of the city of Guayaquil, using their tomography prior to its treatment. Materials and methods: We analyzed 70 CT scans of 41 patients seen in 2016 at the Nexodent clinic in the city of Guayaquil. At the moment of analyzing each tomography three photographs were taken: coronal, axial and sagittal to obtain al the information of its anatomy. Results: Of the CT scans reviewed, 71% were female, 29% male. The results found of the number of root canals in the registered dental pieces indicate that 56% of the cases present 1 only conduit. Regarding the anatomical variation of the studied dental pieces, the Vertucci classifcation was used 56% of the teeth are Type I, 26% are Type IV, 11% are Type II, and the rest are Type V. The average distance between the maxillary premolars to the maxillary sinus was 5.3 mm. The mean distance from the mandibular premolars to the mental foramen was 6.21 mm. The main location found for the apical foramen was the center with 58% of the cases. Discussion: the mayority of the studies carried out with the studies of the bibliographical references where equal except in; The incidence of root canals in the upper second premolars where the mayority of one root was obtained instead of two. In the average distance of the apex of the frst mandibular premolars with the mental foramen where the average distances were greater. In the location of the apical foramen in # 35, in which there was greater location of foramen in the center and not distal. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the best complementary exam to analyze the anatomy of root Canals is the tomography and that the results obtained in this investigation were not very diferent  in comparison to investigations realized by other authors. 

RSBO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Flares Baratto-Filho ◽  
Nathaly Dias Morais ◽  
Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira ◽  
Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho ◽  
Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal anatomy variations of permanent mandibular molars using three different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols. Material and methods: Thirty-five freshly extracted first and second mandibular molars were collected and subjected to three CBCT protocols: i-CAT Classic (ICC); i-CAT Next Generation (ICN), and PreXion 3D (PXD). Images were evaluated by two previously calibrated and experienced endodontists. The morphological root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci. Data were analyzed for frequency, and the binomial and Kappa tests were then performed (α = 0.05). Results: ICC and ICN were able to diagnose a higher percentage of anatomical variations in the mesial roots. In this same root, Vertucci’s type V was the most prevalent, and in distal was the type I. In comparisons of CBCT techniques for agreement, significant differences in the mesial root canals were found in the following: ICC versus (vs) ICN; ICC vs PXD; and ICN vs PXD (p <0.001). However, there were no statistical differences in the distal root canals (p >0.05). The level of agreement in mesial roots was poor or absent, while in distal was moderate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8145-8150
Author(s):  
Shivaleela C ◽  
◽  
Khizer Hussain Afroze M ◽  
Ramesh P ◽  
Lakshmiprabha S ◽  
...  

Background: In cervical vertebrae, the costal and transverse elements are connected to each other around the foramen transversarium of the transverse process. The adult cervical vertebrae are characterized by the presence of Foramen Transversarium (FT) in transverse process. These transverse foramina are found to have variations in size, shape and numbers and may be absent, incomplete or duplicate, which may lead to various symptoms. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of cervical vertebrae. Materials and methods: The present observational study was performed on 182 dry human cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and age. Intact cervical vertebrae without any degenerative or traumatic disorders were included in this study. Deformed and damaged vertebrae were excluded from the study Results: Out of these 364 foramen transversarium, 98 (27%) foramen transversarium were of type-I. Type -I was the most common presentation in the present study. Type -II foramen transversarium were seen in 33 (09%) foramen transversarium. Out of 364 foramen transversarium 88 (24%) foramen transversarium were of type-III. Type-IV foramen transversarium were seen in 62 (17%) foramen transversarium. Type-V foramen transversarium were seen on 83 (23%) foramen transversarium. Out of 182 vertebrae 40 (22%) showed complete double foramen transversarium. Incomplete double foramen transversarium were seen in 24 (13%) of vertebrae. One side complete & other side incomplete foramen transversarium were seen in 04 (02%) vertebrae. Conclusion: Knowledge of such variations is important for Physicians, Neurologists Otorhinolaryngologists, radiologists and Orthopedicians. Presence of accessory foramen transversarium especially of incomplete variety, the second part of vertebral artery may be dislodged and prone to get damaged easily during posterior cervical injuries. It helps in radiological imaging, neurological diagnosis and complex surgical procedures in the cervical area. KEY WORDS: Cervical Vertebrae, Foramen transversarium, Accessory Foramen Transversarium.


Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thamiris Santana Machado ◽  
Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽  
Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre ◽  
Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽  
Reginaldo Fernandes Correa ◽  
...  

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Suhag Patel ◽  
Sunita Garg ◽  
Sumit Sabharwal ◽  
Neetika Jain ◽  
Shadabul Islam ◽  
...  

AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe the external and internal anatomy of the mandibular premolars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 extracted human permanent mandibular first and second premolars teeth were collected. The length of the tooth from the cusp tip to root apex was measured with the help of Vernier calliper. In case of curved roots, ligature wire was adapted to the root and then straightened and measured. Each tooth was examined for the number of roots, curvature of root, presence of root canal invagination. India ink was injected into the pulp chamber through the access opening with a no.27 gauge needle mounted on a disposable syringe. The ink was then drawn through the root canal system by applying negative pressure to the apical end of tooth with the use of central suction system. RESULTS: The average (mean) length of mandibular first premolar was 22.25 mm. Average (mean) length of mandibular second premolar was 21.90 mm. Mandibular first premolar had a ribbon shaped root canal orifice in 35% of teeth. Mandibular second premolar had a ribbon shaped of root canal orifice in 44% teeth. Mesial invagination of the root was found in 18% of first and 8% second mandibular premolar teeth. 78% had a Type I canal pattern with Type II, Type IV, Type V, Type VI and Type VII canals being identified in 1%, 2%, 13%, 2% and 1% of the teeth respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Complex root canal anatomy frequently found with mandibular premolars among which more common with mandibular first premolars in Indian population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Abe ◽  
Ikuto Masakane ◽  
Atsushi Wada ◽  
Shigeru Nakai ◽  
Kosaku Nitta ◽  
...  

Background: Dialyzers are classified as low-flux, high-flux, and protein-leaking membrane dialyzers internationally and as types I, II, III, IV, and V based on β2-microglobulin clearance rate in Japan. Type I dialyzers correspond to low-flux membrane dialyzers, types II and III to high-flux membrane dialyzers, and types IV and V to protein-leaking membrane dialyzers. Here we aimed to clarify the association of dialyzer type with mortality.Methods: This nationwide retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry from 2010 to 2013. We enrolled 238,321 patients on hemodialysis who were divided into low-flux, high-flux, and protein-leaking groups in the international classification and into type I to V groups in the Japanese classification. We assessed the associations of each group with 3-year all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and performed propensity score matching analysis.Results: By the end of 2013, 55,308 prevalent dialysis patients (23.2%) had died. In the international classification subgroup analysis, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was significantly higher in the low-flux group [1.12 (1.03–1.22), P = 0.009] and significantly lower in the protein-leaking group [0.95 (0.92–0.98), P = 0.006] compared with the high-flux group after adjustment for all confounders. In the Japanese classification subgroup analysis, the hazard ratios were significantly higher for types I [1.10 (1.02–1.19), P = 0.015] and II [1.10 (1.02–1.39), P = 0.014] but significantly lower for type V [0.91 (0.88–0.94), P &lt; 0.0001] compared with type IV after adjustment for all confounders. These significant findings persisted after propensity score matching under both classifications.Conclusions: Hemodialysis using protein-leaking dialyzers might reduce mortality rates. Furthermore, type V dialyzers are superior to type IV dialyzers in hemodialysis patients.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Maria-Elpida Kalaitzoglou ◽  
Charalampos Beltes ◽  
Eleni Kantilieraki ◽  
Panagiotis Beltes

SummaryBackground/Aim: To determine the prevalence of single-rooted mandibular second molars in a Greek population and examine their internal morphology with the aid of intraoral periapical radiography.Material and Methods: Clinical records of 531 root-canal treated permanent single-rooted mandibular second molars were collected from the Postgraduate Clinic of the Department of Endodontology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece and from private dental clinics in the same city. The clinical records, along with the radiographic examination, were evaluated to determine the overall frequency of single-rooted mandibular second molars together with the number of root canals and their course. The root canals were categorized using Vertucci’s classification with the addition of 3 further types where appropriate.Results: Out of 531 mandibular second molars; 102 (19.2%) presented a single root; 427 (80.4%) presented two roots; 2 (0.4%) presented three roots. In a total of 102 single-rooted mandibular second molars 31 (30.3%) presented with Type I, 18 (17.6%) with Type II, 14 (13.7%) with Type IV, 7 (7%) with 3 additional root canal types and 32 (31.4%) with a C-shaped root canal system.Conclusions: One out five mandibular second molars was single-rooted in a Greek population. The internal morphology of these teeth can be very complex with regard to the numbers and courses of root canals.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and environmental settings. Results: The virulence gene such as sea (n=54), seb (n=21), eta (n=27), etb (n=2), cna (n=24), ica (n=2) and tst (n=30) was revealed from this study. Different SCCmec types such as type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII were detected among sixty three MRSA isolates where SCCmec type II having ST1551 and type V with ST2416 were found to be associated with multidrug resistance and were highly prevalent in the study area.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Peter O. Kwiterovich ◽  
J. Ramsay Farah ◽  
W. Virgil Brown ◽  
Paul S. Bachorik ◽  
Stephen B. Baylin ◽  
...  

Primary type V hyperlipoproteinemia was identified in two preadolescent children. The propositus (kindred N) was a 10-year-old girl with severely creamy plasma, lipemia retinalis, hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride level, 6,800 mg/100 ml), and hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol level, 490 mg/100 ml). Her parents and an 8-year-old sister all had endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia). In kindred A, an 11-year-old boy had triglyceride levels as high as 1,100 mg/100 ml and recurrent abdominal pain. His father had type V hyperlipoproteinemia; his mother was normal. All three of his older teenage siblings had type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The enzymatic activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTL), and histaminase (H) were studied in postheparin plasma. The LPL level was low in the children and both parents in kindred N. LPL level in kindred A was normal, except for one child with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. HTL level was normal to above normal in both kindreds. Most patients had a normal H level, but one parent (kindred N) had no preheparin H and very low levels of postheparin H. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.58, significant at &lt; 1% level) between the release of LPL and H but not between HTL and H (r = 0.22). The mean (± 1 S.D.) levels of the enzymes were as follows: LPL, 2.8 ± 0.7 µmol/ml/hr in kindred N and 5.4 ± 2.2 µmol/ml/hr in kindred A; H, 13.4 ± 6.8 units/ml in kindred N and 22.0 ± 11.9 units/ml in kindred A; and HTL, 18.0 ± 7.1 µmol/ml/hr in kindred N and 14.9 ± 6.3 µmol/ml/hr in kindred A. The enzymatic activities of kindreds N and A were significantly different for LPL (P &lt; .001) and H (.025 &lt; P &lt; .05) but not for HTL. All but one child had at least one high insulin level, which was accompanied by hyperglycemia in two children. The hypertriglyceridemia in all but one child was ameliorated on therapeutic diets. These data suggest that the genetic basis of the hypertriglyceridemia in these two families is different and that hyperchylomicronemia in childhood is not confined to the rare type I hyperlipoproteinemia.


Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (14) ◽  
pp. 2737-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonggeun Lim ◽  
Sikwang Seong ◽  
Sunkyu Han

Post-iboga alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are biosynthetically derived from iboga-type alkaloids via rearrangements of the indole and/or isoquinuclidine moieties. Herein, we categorize post-iboga alkaloids into five types based on the biosynthetic mode of transformation of the iboga scaffold. We then describe reported syntheses of post-iboga alkaloids, including our laboratory’s recent contributions, based on our own categorization.1 Introduction1.1 Iboga and Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2 Classification of Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.1 Introduction to Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.2 Introduction to Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.3 Introduction to Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.4 Introduction to Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids1.2.5 Introduction to Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids2 Syntheses of Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1 Syntheses of Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1.1 Syntheses of Monomeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.1.2 Syntheses of Dimeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.2 Syntheses of Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.3 Synthetic Studies Toward Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.4 Syntheses of Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids2.5 Synthesis of Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids3 Conclusion and Outlook


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document