scholarly journals Serum magnesium in diabetic retinopathy: the association needs investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110563
Author(s):  
Koushik Shivakumar ◽  
A.R. Rajalakshmi ◽  
Kirti Nath Jha ◽  
Swathi Nagarajan ◽  
A.R. Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Magnesium has an essential role in glucose metabolism, and hypomagnesaemia is common in diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between serum magnesium and diabetic retinopathy is poorly understood. Aim: To determine the association between serum magnesium levels and retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and to correlate it with severity of retinopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a semi-urban tertiary-care teaching hospital. Clinicodemographic profile and serum magnesium levels were determined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with (group 1) and without (group 2) retinopathy. Serum magnesium levels were correlated with the presence and severity of retinopathy. Results: Of 104 type 2 DM patients, 50 had retinopathy. Younger age, longer duration of disease and poorer glycaemic control ( p < 0.05) were found to be associated with retinopathy. The mean serum magnesium levels in patients with retinopathy and those without retinopathy were 1.63 ± 0.30 mg/dL and 1.76 ± 0.22 mg/dL, respectively ( p = 0.029). Reduced serum magnesium was associated with elevated fasting sugars ( p = 0.019) and female gender ( p = 0.037). On comparative analysis of patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR), non-STDR and no retinopathy by ANOVA test, patients with STDR had significantly lower serum magnesium (1.55 ± 0.33 mg/dL) ( p = 0.031). Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Patients with STDR had lower serum magnesium compared with those without STDR. Summary Serum magnesium, studied extensively for its role in glucose metabolism, was found to be lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with those without retinopathy. Sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower levels of serum magnesium.

scholarly journals HOSPITAL BASED STUDY TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Kumari ◽  
Sony Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Aim: to analyze the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: present observational study was undertaken in the Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India for the period of one year. Total 100 patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included and detailed history was obtained. Results: Out of 100 diabetic patients 21 (21%) of them had diabetic retinopathy. Out of 21 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy 61.9% were male. The mean age reported was 58.16±4.81. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence and the demographic characteristics of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar. Since, no such study has been done before in this region. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Retinopathy, Bihar

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (236) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Mehta ◽  
Puru Koirala ◽  
Ram Lala Mallick ◽  
Surya Parajuli ◽  
Rajneesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients. It increases the risk of atherosclerosis and consequent mortality in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 355 type 2 diabetic patients at tertiary care hospital from 15th May, 2020 to 15th November, 2020 after taking ethical clearence from Institutional Review Committee (Reference no. IRC-PA-052/2077-78). Convenience sampling was done. Demographic and lipid profile variables were recorded based on the structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Out of total 355 cases of type 2 Diabetes mellitus, prevalence of dyslipidemia was 224 (63.1%). It was more prevalent in male 145 (69.4%) than female 79 (54.1%). Increased Low density Lipoprotein (94.2%) was the most prevalent type followed by mixed dyslipidemia (91.1%). Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was common among type 2 diabetic patients and was higher in male gender, older age, obesity and longer duration of diabetes. Hence type 2 diabetic patient should undergo the routine monitoring of blood sugar and lipid profile so that any abnormalities can be identified and preventive measures along with interventions can be initiated at the earliest.

Awareness of Complications in Diabetic Patients - Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 3334-3338
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is common in the Indian population and awareness regarding the disease and its complications is low among the patients with diabetes. There is lack of studies regarding awareness of complications of diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This is an institutional based observational study. The sample comprised of 150 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent treatment in the Department of Medicine, Medical College Kottayam and the patient’s age ranged from 18 - 77 years. RESULTS Majority of patients were in the age group 38 to 57 and the sample comprised of 56 % males and 44 % female patients. Out of 150 patients involved in the study, 120 patients (80 %) were aware of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Among the male patients, 70 (83.33 %) and among females, 50 (75.75 %) were aware of the complications in diabetes. In the study sample, 92 (61.33 %) were aware of the foot problems, 120 patients (80 %) were aware of renal complications, 91 patients were aware regarding eye problems of diabetes, 38 (25.33 %) regarding development of hypertension, 62 (41.33 %) regarding heart attack, 42 (28 %) patients were aware regarding development of stroke and 78 patients (52 %) had awareness regarding occurrence of recurrent infections. CONCLUSIONS Awareness regarding diabetes and its complications is fairly good among the diabetic patients in Kerala. Awareness regarding all complications of diabetes was higher among males than females. Providing awareness to type 2 diabetic patients by various educational programs may be of further help to prevent complications and to decrease the mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients. KEYWORDS Awareness, Diabetes

scholarly journals Study of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Mausam Jain ◽  
Pramod R. Jha ◽  
Gaurang Patel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Duration

Background: Aim was to study prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional observational study, which focused on cases of diabetes mellitus. Study was conducted in Departments of Medicine, SBKS MI & RC, a tertiary care centre for a period of 6 months. All the patients of T2DM were included. Total of 263 patients were enrolled which involved indoor, outpatient and diabetic clinic attending patients. A detailed history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations (Hb%, Total count, platelet count, serum creatinine, FBS, PP2BS, HbA1C, S.TSH, F.T3 and F.T4). Appropriate statistical analytics were used and important correlations and conclusions were drawn.Results: A study of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in T2DM patients which included 263 diabetic patients, out of them 67 had thyroid dysfunction. Out of these 67 patients 43 were female and 24 were male. This suggests that female was more prone to thyroid dysfunction than males. Out of 67 TD patients, 42 were above the age of 50 year. So, as the age increases the prevalence of TD also increases thyroid dysfunction also depends on the glycaemic control of the patients. Out of 67 patients 22 patients had>8.0 HbA1C level. In our study we found that as the glycaemic control became poorer the prevalence of TD increase in hypothyroid but not in hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: Following conclusions were drawn from this study TD is more common in female than male, more after the age of 50 year, in T2DM patients. Hypothyroidism is more common with poor glycaemic control and long duration of T2DM patients. But for hyperthyroidism data which we evaluated was not significant and further conclusion bigger study is needed.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF NEPHROPATHY AND RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER, UDAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Yash Salil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), (retinopathy and nephropathy) have a similar etiopathogenetic mechanism besides genetic predisposition. Even though these two complications frequently co-exist, their frequency varies. The association of these two signicant complications and their coexistence needs a relook. To study prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mel Aim: litus. Comparison of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy with duration of illness and various risk factors that affects development, progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. 100 diabetic patients were taken up for study for a period of one year meeti Methodology: ng the criteria for the present study. Detailed history was taken from patient and meticulous examination was done of all patients with special emphasis on renal and ophthalmic symptoms. Clinical data and investigation prole was tabulated. Statistical analysis was done. Among 100 patients, 22 had diabetic retinopathy. Among patients with diab Results & Conclusion: etic retinopathy, 68.18% patients had positive family history. Among 100 patients, 32 had diabetic nephropathy, mean FBS was 207 mg%, PPBS was 317.8 mg% and mean HbA was 9.2%. Among patients with diabetic retinopathy, mean FBS was 211 mg%, PPBS was 324.9 1c mg%, HbA was 9.5%. From this study it is found that diabetic nephropathy starts earlier than retinopathy. In this study 1c hypertension was found to accelerate progression into nephropathy and retinopathy.

scholarly journals Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sara Cherchi ◽  
Alfonso Gigante ◽  
Maria Anna Spanu ◽  
Pierpaolo Contini ◽  
Gisella Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of visual loss in individuals aged 20–64 years old. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study, sex-gender difference in DR in a large sample of type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). 20,611 T2DM regularly attending the units for the last three years were classified as having: (a) No DR (NDR), (b) nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or (c) preproliferative/proliferative DR (PPDR). DR of all grades was present in 4294 T2DM (20.8%), with a significant higher prevalence in men as compared to women (22.0% vs. 19.3% p < 0.0001). Among DR patients, both NPDR and PPDR were significantly more prevalent in men vs. women (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Women had similar age and BMI, but longer diabetes duration, worse glycemic metabolic control, and more prevalence of hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) of any grade vs. men. No significant differences between sexes were evident in term of drug therapy for diabetes and associate pathologies. Conclusions: In this large sample of T2DM, men show higher prevalence of DR vs. women, in spite of less represented risk factors, suggesting that male sex per se might be a risk factor for DR development.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Spasić ◽  
Radmila Veličković Radovanović ◽  
Aleksandra Catić Đorđević ◽  
Nikola Stefanović ◽  
Tatjana Cvetković
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Summary The presence of diabetes mellitus leads to a decrease in life quality in all domains. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in diabetic patients and the factors affecting it in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the territory of the City of Niš. Health-related QOL of patients was measured using the short form survey (SF-36) that produces an 8-scale health profile. The average duration of diabetes was 12.76±8.08 years. The best QOL in all areas was observed in patients diagnosed with diabetes less than 10 years ago p<0.05) and younger than 65 years. Male respondents perceived a better QOL compared to women, especially in the vitality and pain domains. The patients with comorbidity (93.64%) had lower QOL score in all domains. There was no significant difference in the QOL of patients with diabetes compared to the level of education. High QOL represents an ultimate goal and an important outcome of all medical interventions in diabetic patients. Factors related to lower QOL included: older age, female gender, and existence of comorbidities. Uncontrolled diabetic patients had a lower QOL than controlled diabetics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in a rural area of Bihar, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3721
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kamendu ◽  
Ahmad Nadeem Aslami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Diabetes has become a major health challenge all over the world. Previous studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of hypothyroidism and its associated factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: Consecutive 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending outpatient department of medicine in a tertiary care centre in Sasaram, Bihar were evaluated clinically and biochemically. Subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroidism was diagnosed as per standard definitions. The results obtained were statistically analysed by using chi square test and finding odds ratio.Results: Out of 200 patients, 75.5% were euthyroid while 24.5% were hypothyroid. Out of 49 hypothyroid patients, subclinical hypothyroid (SC-Hypo) was present in 41 patients and overt hypothyroid (C-Hypo) was present in only 8 patients. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was found more in males, age ≥60 years, patients with HbA1c value ≥7%, patients with diabetes duration less than 5 years and in hypertensive patients.Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction screening should be done in all type 2 diabetic patients periodically and appropriate individualized treatments in addition to thyroid function test should be given to diabetes mellitus patients with subclinical hypothyroidism as well.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional observational study on drug utilisation pattern, prevalence and risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients in a south indian tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Madhavi Mannam ◽  
Lavanya Nalluri ◽  
Dhanalakshmi Pinnika ◽  
Mounika Pothuraju ◽  
Ravindrababu Pingili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, and it is estimated that ~ 20% of type 2 diabetic patients reach ESRD during their lifetime. The objective of the present study was to assess the drug utilization pattern, risk factors, and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a south Indian tertiary care hospital. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 613 subjects (254 with and 359 without diabetic nephropathy). Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was measured, and risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy were determined by calculating odds ratios using graph-pad prism statistical software, and drug utilization pattern was assessed. Nephropathy was significantly higher in subjects who are married (98.8%, OR, 3.903; 95% CI, 1.125-13.54, P=0.0211),  poorly educated (61%, OR, 0.3670;95%CI, 0.2635-0.5112, P<0.0001), house wives (44.4%, OR, 0.5492; 95% CI, 0.3432 - 0.8789, P=0.0120), rural residents (51.2%, OR, 0.3943; 95% CI, 0.2820-0.5513, P<0.0001) and risk factors were hypertension (37.44%, OR, 4.131; 95% CI, 2.687-6.350, P<0.0001), other diseases (36.51%, OR, 4.963; 95% CI, 3.202 -7.692, P<0.0001), Endocrine diseases (9.53%, OR, 2.460; 95% CI, 1.433- 4.224, P=0.0009), history of CVD (7.90%, OR, 17.20; 95% CI, 7.049- 41.95, P<0.0001), HbA1c (36.1%, OR, 3.380; 95% CI, 2.157- 5.295, P<0.0001), low HDL (23%, OR, 0.5961; 95% CI, 0.3572 - 0.9947 , P=0.0470), high FBS levels (29.3%, OR, 6.111; 95%CI, 1.283 -29.10, P=0.0113), high triglyceride levels (39.8%, OR, 0.6077; 95%CI, 0.3878 -0.9523, P=0.0293), high serum creatinine (28.3%, OR, 154.3; 95% CI, 37.92- 627.7, P<0.0001), duration of T2DM(5-10years 39.8%, OR, 2.653;95% CI, 1.778 - 3.958, & > 10 years 37%, OR, 3.606 ; 95% CI, 2.362-5.504, P<0.0001), physical inactivity(64.9%, OR, 0.5188;95% CI, 0.3727-0.7220 , P<0.0001), soft drinks occasionally (31.9%, OR, 2.253; 95% CI, 1.531-3.315, P<0.0001), habit of taking tea /coffee twice without sugar(42.3%, OR, 1.845; 95% CI, 1.094 to 3.112, P=0.0208) were significant risk factors for development of nephropathy. Metformin (47.05%), a combination of Glimepiride and Metformin (30.71%), a combination of insulin isophane and insulin regular (29.41%), teneligliptin (10.45%), insulin regular (9.80%) were the anti-diabetic medications mostly given to the T2DM patients with nephropathy. The present study revealed that the risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy were multiple.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN EFIKASI DIRI DENGAN KEPATUHAN MELAKUKAN LATIHAN FISIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mia Widha Anindita ◽  
Noor Diani ◽  
Ifa Hafifah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, and type 2 DM accounts for 90-95% of total diabetes. Adherence to implementation of physical exercise is very necessary for patients with DM. Self efficacy in diabetic patients can improve the adherence for medications and success to control the sugar levels.Methods: We aimed to analyze the correlation between self efficacy and adherence to physical exercises in type 2 diabetes patients. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with purposive sampling method. In total, we recruit 60 respondents during December 2018. We used two types of questionnires: self efficacy and adherence to physical exercises to measure the variable of interest.Result: We found that there was a correlation between self efficacy and adherence to physical exercises in type 2 diabetic patients (p<0.001).Conclusion: Appropriate self efficacy could improve patients’ adherence to manage the advised physical examination.

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